Objective To evaluate the value of CT scan in diagnosis of the splenic lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the CT scans of 33 patients with surgically and pathologically proven splenic lesions,which included plain CT scan(n=33),biphasic contrast-enhanced CT scan(n=28)and contrast delay scanning(n=6).Results In 33 cases,non-neoplastic lesions were 6 cases,including tuberculosis(n=2),hematomas(n=3)and inflammatory pseudotumor associated with a cavernous hemangioma(n=1).Benign tumors were 13 cases,including cysts(n=5),hemangiomas(n=4),lymphanioma(n=1)and lymph-hemangiomas(n=3).Malignant tumors were 14 cases,including malignant lymphoma(n=8),metastases(n=4),malignant myofibroblastoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma(n=1,respectively).Conclusion CT is of significant value in diagnosis of splenic lesions.

Objective To establish a high-throughput detection of medicine on DPPH free radical scavenging activity;To analyze and preliminarily screen the anti-oxidant activity part of Ferula sinkiangensis. Methods Taking DPPH free radical scavenging rate of ascorbic acid as positive control, and IC50 as the evaluating criterion of DPPH free radical scavenging capability, oxidation resistance of different polar parts (petroleum ether part, ethyl acetate part, methyl alcohol part, and water part) of Ferula sinkiangensis was evaluated and screened. Results Different polarity parts of Ferula sinkiangensis DPPH radical scavenging of IC50 were:petroleum ether part 3252.22 μg/mL, ethyl acetate part 36.22 μg/mL, methyl alcohol part 32.22 μg/mL, water part 2643.38 μg/mL, and positive control group ascorbic acid 27.16 μg/mL. Conclusion The ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol parts of Ferula sinkiangensis were effective anti-oxidant activity site to eliminate DPPH free radicals. In this study, a simple, sensitive, and high-throughput detection method of DPPH radical scavenging assay was established to provide reference for the anti-oxidation medicine detection screening.

Objective To establish the method for quality control of ethyl-acetate parts of Ferula sinkiangesis. Methods HPLC was used to detect the contents of ferulic acid, farnesiferol A and farnesiferol C. Waters XTerra RPC18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used; acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid was as mobile phase with gradient elution; flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detective wavelength was 324 nm; temperature was 30℃; sample volume was 10 μL ResultsFerulic acid, farnesiferol A, and farnesiferol C showed a good linear relationship range from 0.05– 1.0 mg/mL, 0.132–2.64 mg/mL, and 0.118–2.36 mg/mL, respectively. The average recovery rates were 99.34%, 98.96% and 99.24% respectively. The contents of ferulic acid, farnesiferol A and farnesiferol C were 33.4, 76.5, 72.3 mg/g respectively.Conclusion The method was simple, accurate and repeatable, with good repeatability and stability, which can be used for the quality control of ethyl-acetate parts ofFerula sinkiangesis.

Objective To explore the neuroprotection of Pabing Formula I Granules for Parkinson's disease (PD) rats. Methods PD rats were induced with injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine twice stereotaxically into the left striatum. 40 rats modeled successfully were divided into model group (n=12), high dose group (n=14) and low dose group (n=14), and the other 8 rats were as normal group. The high dose group and low dose group received Pabing Formula I Granules 18 g/kg and 9 g/kg respectively, while the model group and normal group were given distilled water at the same volume, once a day for 32 d. Then, they were assessed with rotation test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) of their left striatum were measured, and the expression of P-Akt (ser 473), Bcl-2, and Bax in substantia nigra were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results The rotation released was significant different among the model, high dose and the low dose groups after treatment (P<0.01), with the activities of SOD (P<0.01) and the content of GSH (P<0.01) increasing and the content of MDA (P<0.01) descreasing. There was significant difference in the content of GSH (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.01) between the high and the low dose groups. There was significant difference in expression of P-Akt (ser 473), Bcl-2 and Bax among the model, high dose and the low dose groups, as well as the Bcl-2/Bad ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion Pabing Formula I Granules plays neuroprotective effect through enhancing antioxidation and eliminating free radicals ability and Akt signaling pathway, which appears as dose-effect relationship.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of five natural anti-oxidants (schisandrin B, Sch B; silibinin, SIB; propyl gallate, PG; sodium ferulate, SF; total flavonoids of hippophase, TFH) on experimental oxidative injuries of lens. METHODS: All fresh transparent lenses of rabbit eyes except control group were bathed in Fenton reaction system in order to produce a model of oxidative damages of lens, meanwhile Sch B, SIB, PG, SF, TFH and pirenoxine sodium (PS) were added in the reaction system in different groups respectively. Lenses were incubated for 24 hours. Then total protein (TP), soluble protein (SP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (Vit C), total activities of anti-oxidation (TAO) and malondiaoldehyde (MDA) in homogenized lenses were measured to observe the effects of five anti-oxidants on above index. RESULTS: Five anti-oxidants increased the anti-oxidative index and decreased MDA in lens of oxidative damages in different levels, the effects are better than that of PS, especially in group SF and Sch B. CONCLUSION: The five natural anti-oxidants protected lens against experimental oxidative injuries very well. There are wide prospects to pursue effective anti-cataract drugs from natural anti-oxidants.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Co-SZ eye drop on galactose cataract in rats. METHODS: Based on folk remedy, SZ eye drop was made from leech, as a modified SZ eye drop, Co-SZ eye drop was enriched in Zinc and Vitamin C. In the present study, animal model of galactose cataract in SD rats was used. All animals were randomly divided into 3 groups : control group(using 0.9 % NaCl instead of SZ and Co SZ), SZ group and Co-SZ group. Lens opacities were examined dynamically in each groups via FS-3V slit-lamp microscope. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH) and soluble protein (SP) in the lenses were measured in 15 days. RESULTS: Both the Co-SZ and SZ eye drops could significantly delay and alleviate galactose cataract in rats, with better effect of Co-SZ than SZ eye drop. The antioxidant index indicated that SOD, GSH-Px, GSH in Co-SZ and SZ group were significantly higher than that in control group. Furthermore, SOD, GSH-Px in Co-SZ group were higher than that in SZ group significantly. CONCLUSION: Co-SZ eye drops could significantly delay and alleviate galactose cataract in rats, the effect is much better than SZ eye drops. The different effect between SZ and Co-SZ eye drops could be raised from the different content of Zinc, which is involved in anti-oxidation.

AIM: To investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) in ocular inflammation after intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: All New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: 1. control group, 2. L-arginine (L-Arg) group, 3. N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) group. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (IOL) were operated in all animals of each groups. The inflammatory response of all rabbit eyes, including cornea edema and anterior chamber exudation were investigated 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days afteroperation. Meanwhile, aqueous humor was drawn for white blood cell (WBC) counting and classifying, as well as for NO- 2/NO- 3 measurement. RESULTS:NO- 2/NO- 3 contents, total WBC and anterior chamber exudation in aqueous humor of L-Arg group were higher than that in control group. While that of L-NNA group were lower than that in control group.CONCLUSION:NO plays a role in intraocular inflammatory response after intraocular lens implantation. L-NNA, a nitric oxide synthase exhibitor, decreased NO contents, therefore it may reduce intraocular inflammatory response after intraocular lens implantation.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and nitric oxide (NO) in aqueous humor after intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: (1)control group; (2)extracapsular cataract extraction group (ECCE); (3)extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation group (ECCE+IOL). The inflammation in all experimental rabbit eyes was observed via zoom-photo slit-lamp microscope on 1, 3, 7, 14 d and 30 d postoperation. Meanwhile, aqueous humor was drawn for white blood cell(WBC) counting and classifying , and for determining IL-2, TNF-? and NO 2 -/NO 3 - contents.RESULTS: (1)The level of IL-2 and TNF-? and NO 2 - / NO 3 - in aqueous humor of ECCE+IOL group were higher than that in ECCE and control at 1 to 14 days postoperation, respectively, it increased to peak value at 3 to 7 days postoperation and decreased gradually two weeks postoperation; (2) The changes in IL-2, TNF-? and NO 2 -/NO 3 - in each group were basically similer; (3) The changes of IL-2 and TNF-? level were closely related with NO content in aqueous humor( r=0.69, P

Objective:To determine whether ox-LDL (oxdized low-density lipoprotein) is highly deposited on the uremic vessel wall and its influence on the vascular remodeling. Methods: Segments of radial arteries were obtained from 21 uremic subjects during the operation of A-V fistula prior to hemodialysis. Segments of internal thoracic arteries of similar diameter were obtained from patients with benign chest tumors as control.The vascular lesions and ox-LDL, CD68,MCP-1, eNOS,ET-1, PCNA,FN on the vessel wall were determined by means of H-E stain and immunohistochemistry. Results： With H-E stain,atherosclerotic plaques were found in the radial arteries of 4 uremic patients. The middle layer of the arteries in uremic patients were obviously thickened, and the T/D　(thickness of the wall/external diameter) ratio was significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01). ox-LDL,CD68,MCP-1, ET-1, PCNA,FN on the vessel wall in uremic patients were much higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Moreover, ox-LDL on the vessel wall was positively related to the expression of other above mentioned substances on the vessel wall (P<0.01). Whereas the expression of eNOS on the vessel wall was lower than control group (P<0.01),and was negatively related to ox-LDL on the vessel wall(P<0.01). Conclusion: ox-LDL is an important factor contributing to uremic vascular remodeling by increasing the migration,adhesion and infiltration of monocyte,the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell and dysfunction of endothelia.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between cytokine level and nitric oxide (NO) content in aqueous humor after intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: All New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: (1) control group, (2) extracapsular cataract extraction group (ECCE), (3) extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation group (ECCE+IOL). The inflammation of all experimental rabbit eyes, including cornea edema and anterior chamber exudation were observed via zoom-photo slitlamp microscope 1,3,7,14,30 d postoperation. Meanwhile, aqueous humor was drawn for white blood cell (WBC) counting and classifying, and for NO-2／NO-3 and cytokine assay, including interleukin-2(IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Statistics were taken by SPSS softwear. RESULTS: (1) Total WBC in aqueous humor were higher and anterior chamber exudation were more severe in ECCE+IOL group than that in ECCE group and control group. (2) The level of IL-2 and TNF-α and the content of NO-2／NO-3 in aqueous humor of ECCE+IOL group were higher than that in ECCE group and control group 1-14 d postoperation respectively, and it increased to peak value at 3-7 d postoperation and decreased gradually after two weeks postoperation. (3) The change regularity of IL-2, TNF-α and NO-2／NO-3 in each group were basically similar, i.e. when the level of cytokine (IL-2 and TNF-α) was normal, the content of NO-2／NO-3 was normal too, when the level of cytokine (IL-2 and TNF-α) increased, the content of NO-2／NO-3 increased too. CONCLUSION: The intraocular inflammation after ECCE+IOL was more severe than that after simple ECCE. NO, IL-2 and TNF-α play an important role in intraocular inflammation after intraocular lens implantation. The changes of IL-2 and TNF-α level was closely related with NO content in aqueous humor.