The medication characteristics of doctor ZHENG Chong-guang in Qing Dynasty was studied from prescription metrology range index,including properties,tastes,channel tropism and function index.It was found that his clinic prescription practice was different from other doctors in Jiangzhe province which originated from his territory character,the territory character of Xin'an school was disclosed,it was suggested that prescription metrology range index was an valuable impersonal index for doctor's territory character.

Objective To evaluate the security and the reliability of ligating the cystic duct and the cystic ar- tery with common silk suture as the substitute for titanic or biological clamps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) us- ing the suture and knot instrument developed by the authors. Methods One hundred and two laparoscopic chole- cystectomies were performed by the authors using the instrument. Results All patients were discharged in the post- operative fourth or fifth day without any complication. Conclusion The instrument used for LC was safe and reliable.

Fast tract surgery (FTS) has been implemented in different fields of surgery to attenuate the surgical stress response and accelerate recovery.Liver resection is the preferred treatment for a variety of primary and secondary liver tumors.However,liver resection is associated with severe stress response and higher rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality.Fast tract surgery has been reported to accelerate recovery following liver resection.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of fast tract surgery in liver resection.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods We searched electronic databases (PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedicine databases) from January 2000 to April 2012.Personal contact with experts in the field of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed to identify further potentially relevant clinical trials.Randomized controlled trials conducted on single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed to compare conversion rates,blood loss,operation time,postoperative complications,wound satisfaction score,postoperative pain score and postoperative duration of hospitalization.Data were extracted by two reviewers independently.Statistical analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Twelve studies involving 915 patients met the inclusion criteria.When compared with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),the singleincision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) group showed no significant difference in conversion rate (OR=0.70,95％CI: 0.13～3.77,P=0.68),postoperative complications (OR=1.13,95％CI:0.72～1.78,P＝0.59) and postoperative pain scores (WMD＝-0.18,95％CI:-0.78～-0.43,P=0.57) . There was a significant increase in operative blood loss (WMD ＝ 1.43,95 ％ CI: 0.09 ～2.78,P＜0.05),increase in operative time (WMD=16.79,95％CI: 9.05～24.52,P＜0.01),but an increase in wound satisfaction score (WMD=1.28,95％CI..1.09～1.47,P＜0.01).The postoperative duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter (WMD =-0.30,95％ CI:-0.58 ～-0.02,P＜0.05).Conclusions Current evidence suggests that there is no significant difference in conversion rate or postoperative complications between SILC and LC.Although SILC requires a longer operative time and there is more blood loss when compared with LC,the SILC is superior in wound satisfaction score and in duration of hospitalization.

Objective To investigate the effect of early early enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition support on postoperative gastrointestinal function,nutritional status and liver function of patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods Sixty-two patients with obstructive jaundice of hepatobiliary who were treated in the General Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from July 2013 to July 2014 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,31 cases in each group.The control group were treated with simple parenteral nutrition,and were injected by central venous catheter at the first day after operation,with the injection tiem of 12-15 h and continuous infusion of 7 d or more.The observation group were received enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition,parenteral nutrition was given first,and the preparation method of the nutrient solution was identical with that of the control group;and then slowly dropped 250 ml physiological saline into the jejunum nutrition tube at the second day,dropped into the enteral nutrition liquid at the third day with the initial dose of 300 to 500 ml per day,slowly dropped in the speed of 20-30 ml/h.Results The first exhaust time,first defecation time and hospitalization time in the observation group were (41.37±6.85) h,(46.85±7.13) h and (12.79±3.76) d,significantly shorter than those in the control group ((57.21 ± 9.23) h,(61.43 ± 10.62) h and (16.94 ± 4.33) d;t =7.67,6.35,4.03;P＜O.05),daily hospitalization expenses was (1637.65± 138.24)yuan,significantly less than that in the control group((2121.42±112.38)yuan;t=15.12;P＜0.05).The serum albumin berofe and after the operation in the control group and observation group were (28.73±3.24) g/L and (29.21±3.31) g/L,(36.85±4.05) g/L and (47.21±4.13) g/L,respectively.The serum pre albumin berofe and after the operation in the control group and observation group were (162.81±31.27) g/L and (163.14±30.56) g/L,(248.95±58.62) g/L and(324.24±61.34) g/L,respectively.There was no difference before operation between the two groups (P＞0.05),while the serum protein levels were significantly increased in observation group than the control group (P＜0.01).There were no difference in ALT,total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels between the two groups before operation (P ＞ 0.05),after treatment,the levels of ALT,total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).The patients in the two groups recovered well,and no serious adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion Early enteral and parenteral nutrition support in patients with obstructive jaundice has better effect and safety in the clinical treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) in gallbladder mucosa and formation of lithogenic bile in patients with gallstones.Methods Gallbladder mucosa,gallbladder wall,bile and plasma were collected from 34 patients with gallstone (GS) and 15 individuals who were gallstone free (GSF).The gallbladder wall was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry to detect pathologic changes and expressions of GPBAR1,mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC).Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test mRNA expressions of GPBAR1,MUC1 and MUC5AC in the gallbladder mucosa.The contents of total cholesterol (TC),total bile acid (TBA),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma and cholesterol,TBA,phospholipid (PL) and mucin in the bile of gallbladder were measured.Results The gallbladder mucosa in all GS patients showed chronic inflammation on hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC were more markedly increased in the GS group than in the GSFgroup (61.34±8.06 vs.43.05±7.83,P＜0.01; 52.11±9.62 vs.45.05±9.27,P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC in the GS group were also more markedly increased than in the GSR group (0.87±0.07 vs.0.80±0.09,P＜0.05; 1.04±0.22 vs.0.8±0.17,P＜0.01).Serum cholesterol,as well as biliary cholesterol,cholesterol mol percentage,cholesterol saturation index and mucin in the GS group were more significantly higher than in the GSF group (5.07±1.64 vs.3.62±1.42,P＜0.01; 17.23±3.67 vs.12.47±2.31,P＜0.01; 7.47±0.65 vs.5.05±0.24,P＜0.01; 1.03±0.58 vs.0.69±0.38,P＜0.01; 92.02±20.89 vs.76.36±19.71,P＜0.05).Biliary total bile acids and bile acids mol percentage were lower in the GS group than in the GSF group (162.68±20.19 vs.180.21±26.05,P＜0.05; 71.28±1.84 vs. 73.29±0.96,P＜0.01). In the GS group,there were negative correlations between the mRNA expression of GPBAR1 and biliary TBA (γ=-0.341,P＜0.05).There were negative correlations in the GS group between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary TBA (γ=- 0.403,P＜0.05),and between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary total lipid (γ=-0.365,P＜0.05).Conclusions This study shows an increase in expression of GPBAR1 in gallbladder mucosa in patients with GS.It is suggested that GPBAR1 may accelerate formation of lithogenic bile by inducing re-absorption of bile acid.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of one-child attachment and parerttal attachment,as well as the effect of family income and parental education on children's attachment.Methods 350 children aged over 12 years from primary school grade 5 to high school grade 3 in Nanjing were selected in two classes each grade in cluster sampling method as research objects.These children and their parents were measured by General questionnaire,Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory( ECR ) and Adolescent Attachment Inventory.The data of the questionnaires were coded for statistical analysis-Pearson conrelation to analyze the relationship of one-child attachment and parental attachment and Analyze of variance to explore the influence of family income and parental education on children's attachment.ResultsThere was a significantly negative relation(r =-0.132,P=0.014)between one-child family negative dimension and mother avoidance dimension,and a significant correlation (r =0.131,P =0.015 ) between one-child family negative dimension and mother anxiety dimension.The interaction of family income and parental culture was significant in affinity attachment of one-child (F =3.641,4.052,P =0.006,0.003).ConclusionThis study finds that one-child is more attached to their mothers than their fathers.Family income and parental education affect the attachment of one-child.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic carcinoma with acute and chronic pancreatitis as the initial symptoms.Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with pancreatic carcinoma who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and the Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The first symptoms were acute and chronic pancreatitis.Laboratory and imaging examinations were carried out on all the patients,and the treatment plan was designed according to the location and stage of the tumor as well as the patient's wishes.Surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and other symptomatic treatment were selected.All the patients were followed up by telephone interview till July 2014.Results The major symptoms included abdominal pain and lumbodorsal pain (7 patients).Of the 13 patients,1 patient refused to received laboratory examination,and the levels of CA19-9 of the other 12 patients were elevated (the levels of CA19-9 of 11 patients were above 1 × 105 U/L).The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of 5 patients were elevated.Thirteen patients received plain or enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT),3 received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3 received sonography.The tumors located at the head of the pancreas wcrc observed in 9 patients,tumors located at the neck of the pancreas was observed in 2 patients,and tumors located at the tail of the pancreas were observed in 2 patients.The sizes of the tumors ranged between 1.7 cm × 1.7 cm and 4.9 cm × 4.8 cm.The common bile duct,intrahepatic bile duct and pancreatic duct of 7 patients were dilated.The superior mesenteric vein of 3 patients were invaded by the tumor.The lymph nodes of 4 patients were swollen,and 3 patients had peritoneal effusion.The results of CT confirmed that 2 patients were with cholecystolithiasis,and the results of magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) confirmed that 1 patient had choledocholithiasis.The size of he pancreas of all the patients were increased using ultrasonography,and the main pancreatic ducts of 2 patients were dilated.Ten patients were diagnosed as with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.All the patients were staged by the imaging findings,5 patients belonged to stage Ⅱ and 8 belonged to stage Ⅳ.Two patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy,and 1 of them underwent postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the other patient underwent palliative biliary enteric anastomosis and gastrojejunostomy.Two patients were treated by chemotherapy and 1 by radiotherapy in the 10 patients who did not received surgery.The rest 7 patients were treated with symptomatic therapy.The pathological results of the 2 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were both moderately and poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma,and the size of the tumors were 4.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm and 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm.Three patients lost to follow-up among the 13 patients.The survival time of the patients with acute pancreatitis as the initial symptom ranged from 2.0 months to 6.0 months,and the median survival time was 4.5 months.The survival time of the patients with chronic pancreatitis as the initial symptom ranged from 0.5 months to 10.0 months,and the median survival time was 3.0 months.The median survival time of the 4 patients with elevated level of CEA was 3.5 months,and the median time of the 5 patients with normal level of CEA was 5.4 months.All the 10 patients who were followed up died of tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion The clinical presentation of patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis as the initial symptoms is atypical,and it is difficult to achieve early diagnosis.Dynamic monitoring and combined diagnosis with laboratory and imaging examinations will improve the accuracy of diagnosis.Surgery based treatment is the preferred option.

Objective To evaluate the security of big animals with a new bioartificial liver system .Methods Six Tibet pigs re-spectively received treatment of hybrid artificial liver and simple bioartificial liver ,observed and recorded the vital signs ,venous pressure ,transmembrane pressure and slurry pot pressure each hour ,and collected blood to make endotoxin and bacterial culture test in the zero hour ,fourth and eighth hour .Results Compared with the zero hour ,venous pressure ,transmembrane pressure ,slur-ry pot pressure were much higher in the fifth hour (P< 0 .05) ,and there were no significant difference in the rest of other time points(P>0 .05) .The mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate in all time point showed no significant changes (P>0 .05) .Com-pared with the zero hour ,the heart rate was much lower in the second hour (P<0 .01) .The values of blood endotoxin were less than 0 .5 EU/mL in the zero hour ,fourth and eighth hour from beginning ,and the bacterial culture test showed no growth of bacteria . Conclusion The experiment of big animals with a new bioartificial liver system was safe ,the efficacy in the treatment of hepatic failure could be assessed further .

Objective To estimate the safety,feasibility and generalization of three point single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC).Methods The clinical data of 1 126 patients who underwent three-point SILC at the second department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Zhu Jiang Hospital,Southern Medical University From January 1,2011 to December 30,2015 was analyzed retrospectively.The patient who were indicated for conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included,but those suspected malignant diseases of gallbladder were excluded.Results Of the 1126 patients,the surgery was performed successfully in 923 patients,and 192 patients need extra ports due to the adhesion and difficulty of exposing the Calots triangle,and 11 were converted to open surgery due to severe adhesion,with the success rate being 81.9％.The operating time was (29.5 ± 12.2) min (from the entrance of laparoscope to the removing of gallbladder),the blood loss was (8.7 ± 7) ml,and the hospital stay time was (1.4 ± 0.7) d (after surgery).There were three cases of bile duct injury:two of them were bile leak of aberrant duct,one of them was bile leak of cystic duct damaged by heat.And there was one case of injury of duodenum,22 cases of umbilicus hematoma,13 cases of hematoma of thorax,and 2 cases of thoracic hemorrhage who required surgery.There were no hernia,aerothorax and so on.Conclusion Three point SILC is a technology that is safe,maneuverable and suitable for being carried out in clinical practice.