Objective To study the effect of intra-pulmonary arterial anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody(TNF-α Ab) on ultra-structure of lung after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ-Ⅲ underwent CPB; group Ⅳ only received open chest operation.In the group Ⅱ,rabbit TNF-α Ab(27 ng/kg) was dropped into the pulmonary artery when the aorta was clamped and CPB continued 30 minute.Pulmonary arterial perfusion was given to the group I instead.Blood TNF-α and neutrophils count from right and left atrium and oxygenation index in the four groups were determined perioperatively.Lung water content,TNF-αmessenger RNA,Bcl-2 protein,Bax protein,Bcl-2/Bax,apoptosis index and pathomorphological change were measured in the lung tissues.Results TNF-α Ab can restrain leukocyte accumulation and reduce releasing of TNF-α in the lung and improve oxygenation index.Moreover,TNF-α Ab can reduce the expression of Bax on alveolar epithelial cells and alleviate the decreasing of the expression of Bcl-2.It can also reduce the occurrence of apoptosis and attenuate pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue.Conclusion Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody markedly lessens the injury of inflammatory reaction and ultra-structure of lung after CPB via Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal schwannoma.Methods Clinical data of 3 patients with gastrointestinal schwannoma were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results Gastrointestinal bleeding or melena,anemia and epigastric pain were the most common presenting symptoms.The symptoms,physical signs and auxitiary examinations (such as X-ray,ultrasonography and gastrointestinal endoscopy) of gastrointestinal schwannoma had no value in differentiation.In all the 3 patients definite diagnosis was achieved only by postoperative pathology.Conclusion Gastrointestinal schwannoma are derived from the Schwann cells of nerves in gastrointestinal wall and are usually benign.Benign schwannomas can only be distinguished from the malignant ones on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical criteria.Surgical resection is the most effective treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of hierarchical management for patients with bronchial asthma.Methods:One hundred and eighty seven patients with bronchial asthma were recruited from January 2018 to November 2019 in Daxing District People′s Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, 94 patients received disease management education and therapeutic guidance from doctors in the community hospital and district hospital (study group), and 93 patients were followed up in outpatient visits only (control group). After one year, the scores of inhalation technique, treatment adherence, disease management awareness, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniAQLQ) and pulmonary function were evaluated and compared between two groups. The annual acute attack times and time to first exacerbation were also compared between the two groups.Results:After one year of management the treatment adherence rate in study group was higher than that in control group [80.85% (76/94) vs. 51.61% (48/93), χ2=2.834, P=0.02]. The scores of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) inhalation technique [(6.47±1.28) vs. (4.05±1.37), t=2.241, P=0.04], the correct rates of exhaling before ICS inhalation [94.68% (89/94) vs.56.98% (53/93), χ2=4.436, P=0.01],inhalation [90.43%(85/94) vs.68.82% (64/93),χ2=2.943, P=0.04],holding breath after inhalation [89.36% (84/94) vs.58.06% (54/93),χ2=4.098, P=0.02],rinsing mouth after ICS inhalation [92.55%(87/94) vs.65.59%(61/93),χ2=2.876, P=0.04] in study group were higher than those in control group. The awareness rates of chronic inflammatory airway disease [70.21%(66/94) vs.44.08% (41/93),χ2=2.673, P=0.02], causative factors [85.10% (80/94) vs. 56.99% (53/93),χ2=2.760, P=0.02],treatment misunderstanding [88.29%(83/94) vs.53.76%(50/93),χ2=4.874, P<0.01], therapeutic goal [86.17% (81/94) vs. 49.46% (46/93),χ2=4.491, P<0.01] and requiring long-term treatment [90.43% (85/94) vs.48.38% (45/93),χ2=4.503, P<0.01] in study group were higher than those in control group. The scores of ACT [(22.71±2.81) vs. (19.50±5.34), t=2.041, P=0.04] and miniAQLQ [(84.28±11.16) vs. (64.23±14.38), t=3.298, P<0.01] in study group were higher than those in control group. The number of annual acute exacerbation was less [0(0, 1) vs.2(1, 3), Z=-3.237, P<0.01] and the time to first exacerbation was longer [184(96, 284)d vs. 96(59, 177)d, Z=3.873, P<0.01] in study group than those in the control group after one year of management. Conclusion:The hierarchical management can effectively enhance the inhalation technique and treatment adherence of the patients with bronchial asthma, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To establish a close clinical and easy to operate animal artery bypass grafting model by using vascular anastomosis wheel.Methods 15 rabbits that weighted 2.5-3.5 kg were studied.Each animal underwent an end-toend anastomosis of jugular vein and carotid artery by vascular anastomosis wheel.Carotid ultrasound and flow detection were taken immediately and 2 months after surgery respectively,as well as morphology and pathology were recorded to analyze and evaluate the intimal hyperplasia of vein graft and arteriovenous anastomotic site.Results 14 rabbits were successfully established CABG model,however 1 rabbit died of respiratory inhibition caused of excessive anesthesia.Compared with normal carotid artery,the vein bridge showed significantly lower blood flow [(50.81 ± 1.33) ml/min vs.(70.59 ± 0.68) ml/min,P ＜0.01,higher PI(2.15 ±0.07vs.1.22 ±0.04,P ＜0.01)] immediately after surgery.Compared with the vein grafts immediately after surgery,the vein grafts 2 months after surgery showed significantly lower blood flow [(27.46 ± 2.15) ml/min vs.(50.81 ± 1.33) ml/min,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with normal jugular vein,the vein grafts 2 months after surgery showed significantly higher intimal hyperplasia[(160.30 ± 1.78) μm vs.(49.06 ± 2.76) μm,P ＜ 0.01],and higher number of elastic plates(12.36 ± 0.25vs.3.21 ± 0.15,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The use of vascular anastomosis wheel to establish an artery bypass graft model can imitate the pathological changes of vein grafts after CABG,which can provide an ideal animal model for various researches on vein grafts.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) surgery.Methods:We prospectively selected 123 patients who received OPCABG at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2019 to October 2019, and collected relevant preoperative and postoperative data. Patients were divided into a normal Hs-CRP group(78 cases) and an elevated Hs-CRP group(45 cases)according to the cutoff value (2 mg/L) of Hs-CRP level. The data of the two groups were compared, and regression analysis was performed on the postoperative data with differences to define independent factors.Results:The leukocyte count in the Hs-CRP group was significantly higher than that in the normal Hs-CRP group[(6.5±1.6)×10 9/ml vs. (7.4±2.1) ×10 9/ml, t=-2.839, P=0.005]. In the elevated Hs-CRP group, proportion of patients with atrial post-CABG atrial fibrillation (38% vs. 19%, χ2=5.100, P=0.024), duration of hospitalization[(21.2±7.1)days vs.(16.0±4.6)days, t=-4.469, P=0.000], hospital costs[(143.1±30.7)×10 3 yuan vs. (123.7±21.8)×10 3 yuan, t=-4.090, P=0.000]were significantly higher than those in the normal Hs-CRP level group. Smoking ( OR=1.660, 95% CI: 1.186-1.993, P=0.031) and Hs-CRP ( OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.050-1.294, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for post-CABG atrial fibrillation. Hs-CRP ( B=0.436, 95% CI: 0.197-0.675, P=0.000) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, B=-0.180, 95% CI: -0.289--0.071, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of duration of hospitalization. Hypertension ( B=-11.256, 95% CI: -20.670--1.842, P=0.020), Hs-CRP( B=1.235, 95% CI: 0.217-2.254, P=0.018) and LVEF ( B=-1.168, 95% CI: -1.634--0.702, P=0.000) were independent influencing factors of hospital costs. Conclusion:The preoperative Hs-CRP level of OPCABG is an independent influencing factor of post-CABG atrial fibrillation, duration of hospitalization and hospital costs. This finding lays the foundation for Hs-CRP combined with other indicators to accurately predict the prognosis of OPCABG and screen high-risk patients.

Objective To observe the effect of fastigial nucleus stimulation(FNS)on heart rate variability(HRV)of surgically induced myocardial infarction rats.Methods 100 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated in four groups,including sham-operation control group,rats with coronary arteries ligated but fastigial nucleus(FN)sham stimulated(AMI group),rats both coronary arteries ligated and FN stimulated(FNS group),and rats on which FN lesioned 5 d before,then coronary arteries ligated and FN stimulated(FNL group).HRV characteristics were determined 6 h,1 d,7 d and 21 d after the ligation,and mortality rates were observed after 21 d.Results FNS can improve the survival of myocardial infarction rats,and this may be due to the increased vagal tone and decreased sympathetic tone.Conclusion FNS may have cardio-protective effects on surgically induced myocardial infarction rats.

Objective To explore an improving primary culture method of human pituitary adenoma cells.Methods Thirty-six pituitary adenoma specimens,collected from excision and conformed by pathology in our hospital from November 2014 to June 2015,were used.Based on the former experience from papers and ourselves,our primary culture methods of several different kinds of human pituitary adenomas were improved.Purification and passage culture of cells were performed in the following experiments.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the multiplication capacity of pituitary adenoma cells;immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were used to observe the cytokeratin and vimentin protein expressions.Results By using the improve culture methods,tumor cells proliferated in suspension with good status and had the tendency of aggregation in culture medium.The proliferation test showed that the tumor cells enjoyed proliferation ability in vitro;tumor cells could pass over five generations.The growth curve of pituitary adenoma cells showed S pattern.Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting indicated negative cytokeratin and vimentin protein expressions,showing that the cells were from epithelium.Conclusion Each type of pituitary adenoma cells has characteristics of suspended growth and tendency of gathering by using this improved method.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) on nocturnal angina in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods:According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, this prospective observational study included 76 patients who underwent CABG at Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients included 60 males and 16 females, mean aged(61.4±7.3) years, BMI(25.7±2.3) kg/m 2. Portable sleep respiration monitoring and bedside ECG monitoring were performed before surgery. According to the apnea index(AHI), patients were divided into mild or no OSAHS group(AHI<15, 35 patients) and moderate to severe OSAHS group(AHI≥15, 41 patients). Baseline data, hematologic examination, degree of coronary stenosis, sleep breathing examination, night time heart rate and incidence of atrial fibrillation, and nocturnal angina were compared between the two group. Results:Combined with mild or no OSAHS group, moderate to severe OSAHS group had a significantly higher syntax-score(47.3±10.6 vs 35.1±6.8), a significantly higher proportion of coronary diffuse lesions(53.7% vs 31.4%), a significantly faster heart rate[(94.3±21.5)times/min vs(74.8±10.0) times/min], a significantly higher proportion of nocturnal angina(29.2% vs 2.9%). The differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the fastest heart rate at night significantly affected the occurrence of nocturnal angina in CABG patients( OR=1.320, 95% CI: 1.084-1.607, P=0.006), the syntax-score, the fastest heart rate at night significantly affected the degree of OSAHS in CABG patients( OR=1.269, 95% CI: 1.094-1.473, P=0.002; OR=1.066, 95% CI: 1.004-1.131, P=0.036). Two linear regression showed a significant linear correlation between AHI with the fastest heart rate and syntax-score at night( R2=0.576, P<0.001; R2=0.658, P<0.001). Conclusion:OSAHS can significantly aggravate the degree of coronary artery stenosis in CABG patients, and further increase the incidence of nocturnal angina by significantly increasing nighttime heart rate.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative left atrial diameter in postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its influencing factors.Methods:This study was a prospective observational study. A total of 113 patients with CABG surgery were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2020 to December 2020. Preoperative coronary angiography, echocardiography and blood test were finished. The number of graft vessel was counted during the operation. The occurrence of POAF was confirmed by electrocardiogram or electrocardiograph monitoring after surgery. The preoperative baseline data, blood test, perioperative complications and other indicators of patients with or without POAF were compared.Results:According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 90 patients undergoing CABG were enrolled in the study[71 males and 19 females, aged from 42 to 75, mean age (62±8)years old]. The incidence of POAF was 27.8%(25 cases). The left atrial diameter[40(36-43)mm vs. 35(33-37)mm, P=0.00]and troponin I[4.76(0.87-13.60)ng/ml vs. 1.48(0.56-4.52)ng/ml, P=0.04] in patients with POAF were significantly higher than that in patients without POAF. Compared to patients without POAF, POAF significantly increased the incidence of stroke[4(16%) vs. 0(0), P=0.01], ICU stay[67(24-96) days vs. 22(19-41) days, P=0.00] and hospital stay[21(19-24) days vs. 16(14-24) days, P=0.05]. Binary logistic regression showed that left atrial diameter was significantly correlated with the occurrence of POAF ( OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.39-2.79, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that 40 mm of left atrial diameter was a predictor of POAF( AUC=0.82, sensitivity 52%, specificity 100%, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that left atrial diameter was significantly positively correlated with hypersensitive C-reactive protein ( Beta=0.24, 95% CI: 0.00-0.26, P=0.043). Conclusion:POAF significantly increased the incidence of stroke after CABG. Preoperative left atrial diameter is an independent predictor for POAF, which is closely related to the systemic inflammatory response.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of double-layer spectral detector CT (DLSDCT) in differentiating central lung cancer from atelectasis.Methods:Fifty-one patients with central lung cancer accompanied by atelectasis confirmed by pathology in Shandong Cancer Hospital from January to December 2020 were enrolled. The differentiating rates of tumor from atelectasis of the conventional CT, 40 keV virtual monoenergetic imaging (MonoE), iodine density map (ID), and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion images of unenhanced scan, arterial and venous phase were retrospectively analyzed. Cochran′s Q test was used to compare the differentiating rate (Bonferroni correction afterwards), and Friedman test was used to compare the maximum diameter of the tumor of each imaging method.Results:Of the 51 patients, none of the conventional CT images, 40 keV MonoE, ID and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion images in the unenhanced scan could distinguish lung tumors from atelectasis; the number of cases in which the conventional CT images, 40 keV MonoE, ID and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion images in the arterial phase could distinguish lung tumors from atelectasis regions was 4, 5, 5 and 6, respectively; the number of cases in which the conventional CT, 40 keV MonoE, ID and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion images in the venous phase could distinguish lung tumors from atelectasis regions was 17, 35, 39 and 38, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=52.40, P<0.001). The differentiating rates of the 40 keV MonoE, ID, and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion image were significantly higher than that of conventional CT image (χ2=-0.35, -0.43, -0.41, P<0.001, Bonferroni correction afterwards); There was no significant difference in the differentiating rate among 40 keV MonoE, ID and MonoE-ID fusion image ( P=1.00). Seventeen tumors could be differentiated in conventional CT images, 40 keV MonoE, ID and 40 keV MonoE-ID fusion images of venous phase, and the maximum diameters of lung tumors were (50±21) mm, (50±23) mm, (50±23) mm, and (50±23) mm, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=3.61, P=0.31). Conclusions:The venous phase spectral images of DLSDCT can differentiate most central lung cancer from atelectasis. Therefore, it has great clinical application value in tumor staging, efficacy evaluation, and radiotherapy.