Objective To determine whether neuron?specific enolase(NSE)affects the prognosis of extensive small cell lung cancer by analyz?ing the association between NSE before treatment and disease progression and overall survival of patients. Methods This study retrospectively an?alyzed 83 inpatients in the medical oncology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from March 2008 to September 2014. The Kaplan?Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze relevant factors affecting the prognosis of extensive small cell lung cancer;statistical significance was determined for a P value less than 0.05. Results The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)level be?fore treatment was significantly associated with the progression?free survival(PFS)(P=0.001)and overall survival(OS)(P=0.036). The NSE level before treatment was also significantly associated with the PFS(P=0.007)and OS(P=0.013). Conclusion LDH and NSE affect progno?sis and survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer.

Objective To explore the factors that affect the prognosis of extensive small cell lung cancer by analyzing the association between lab-oratory indicators before treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer patients and the initial evaluation results with disease progression and overall survival. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 96 cases of hospitalized patients in the medical oncology department of The First Hospital of China Medical University from March 2008 to September 2014. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to ana-lyze the relevant factors affecting the prognosis of extensive small cell lung cancer. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no obvious correlation between HB level before treatment with PFS of patients(P=0.179),but there was obvious significant correlation be-tween HB level and OS of patients(P=0.041). Our results showed that the TBIL level of patients before chemotherapy was significantly associated with the PFS(P=0.039)and OS(P=0.026)of patients. Conclusion HB and TBIL levels are the influencing factors that affect the prognosis and survival of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer.

Objective To measure the macular thickness of natural population in Changping district of Beijing by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to analyze whether there is an increased thickness in diabetic patients.Methods In a cross-sectional population-based study, OCT was performed on 521 subjects (233 with normal glucose homeostasis, 174 with pre-diabetes and 114 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to 2011 Health Examination Survey of Changping.The subjects also received physical examination and laboratory measurements including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-2 h plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Results The results showed that central subfield thickness (CST) of the retina of men ((246±22) μm) was significantly greater than that of women ((235±26) μm) (P＜0.001).Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the CST in subjects of different age, HbAlc and body mass index (BMI) (P＞0.05).Difference in thickness of different glucose groups was not seen in central subfield, inner subfields and outer subfields(P＞0.05).Conclusions Retina CST of men was significantly greater than that of women.No significant difference was found in the CST in subjects of different age, HbA1c and BMI.

Objective To investigate the effect of extract ofTangshen-HuazhuoRecipe(TSHZR) on the serum concentrations of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1) and platelet derived growth factor(PDGF) in patients withⅣ stage of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods From June 2012 to December 2012, 98 patients ofⅣstage DN in our hospital outpatient were enrolled and randomly divided into treatment group(n=48) and control group(n=50) using random number table. All patients received conventional therapies of controlling blood sugar, lipid, blood pressure and anticoagulant therapy. On such basis, the control group was treated by irbesartan, 150 mg/d, and the treated group treated by TSHZR combined with irbesartan,150 mg/d, for 6 months. Serum TGF-β1 and PDGF were determined with ELISA before and after treatment,and urinary albumin excretion rate,HbA1c,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and lipid profiles were examined as well. ResultsIn the treated group, the TGF-β1 was(172.5±31.3), (123.6±21.2)pg/ml, the PDGF was(860.9± 131.2), (500.6±130.2)pg/ml before the treatment and after the treatment, respectively. The TGF-β1 and PDGF after the treatment were significantly decreased than those before the treatment(P<0.01). After the treatment, TGF-β1 and PDGF in the treated group were statistically significant compared to the control group[TGF-β1 is(157.4±39.6)pg/ml, PDGF is(765.7±161.8)]pg/ml,P<0.01). After the treatment, the treatment group was superior to the control group in TG(1.72±0.25)mmol/L,(2.09±0.27)mmol/L,(P<0.01), TC(4.56± 0.64)mmol/L,(6.11±0.93)mmol/L, (P<0.01), HDL-C(1.56±0.50)mmol/L,(1.36±0.44)mmol/L, (P<0.01), LDL-C(2.46±1.08)mmol/L(3.32±0.87)mmol/L,(P<0.05)and UAER(100.73±204.24)μg/min, (226.24±396.38)μg/min, (P<0.01).Conclusion TSHZR can inhibit the progressive of IV stage of diabetic nephropathy by suppressing TGF-β1 and PDGF expression level.

Objective To understand the general self-efficacy level of patients with tuberculosis(TB patients) and its influencing factors, provide evidence for improving the general self-efficacy of TB patients.Methods All TB inpatients in a comprehensive pulmonary hospital were conducted face-to-face survey through a general questionnaire and general self-efficacy scale, self-efficacy level of TB patients and its influencing factors were analyzed.Results Mean scale of general self-efficacy of 402 TB patients was (20.4±4.2), of which only 14 cases(3.5%)showed a high level self-efficacy.163(40.5%), 225(56.0%), and 14(3.5%)patients were with low(10~),medium(20~), and high(30~) self-efficacy scale.The general self-efficacy level of TB patients was influenced by the course of disease(P<0.001), residence(P=0.012), whether or not attended the lecture on tuberculosis education(P=0.034), whether or not conducted physical exercise(P=0.053,stepwise multiple linear regression analysis: P=0.017), working status(P=0.027), No.of hospitalization due to TB(P=0.002), family economic situation(P=0.027), and education level(P=0.020).Conclusion TB patients' self-efficacy level is low, and the general self-efficacy level and its influencing factors should be assessed by health care workers during the follow-up for patients, individualized nursing intervention for improving the TB patients' self-efficacy level should be developed.

Objective To investigate the level of spirituality in cancer patients in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods In this study, convenience sampling method was used to select 196 patients with cancer from three hospitals in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha from October 2016 to October 2017. The general situation questionnaire, the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT-Sp-12), the social support scale and the post traumatic growth inventory were used to investigate the patient′s spiritual status and to analyze the influencing factors. Results The total spiritual score of cancer patients was 31.09 ± 8.89, the score of meaning dimension was 10.71±2.75, and the peace dimension was 9.84±3.19 and the belief dimension was 10.54± 2.98. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, cancer stage, education level, the subjective support of Social Support, relating to others and personal strength of The Posttraumatic Growth were the influencing factors for the spiritual status of cancer patients. Conclusions the spiritual status of cancer patients in a 3A grade hospital of Changsha is at medium level, and the spiritual status is closely related to age, education level, cancer stage, social support and post traumatic growth level. Medical staff should provide spiritual care for patients to improve their psychology and Mental Health and quality of life.

Objective To explore the differences of macrostructural and microstructural and their correlations in brain white matter (WM) between left-and right-handed adults.Methods Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed on twenty-three left-handed (LH) and thirty-two right-handed (RH) healthy subjects.The WM volume,fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were mearsured and compared between the two groups by using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and voxel-based analysis (VBA) methods.Results (1) LH adults showed lower WM volume than RH adults in bilateral splenium of corpus callosum (SC) (Left:x=-15,y=-57,z =13.5,t=-5.160;Right:x=18,y=-42,z=12,t=-3.654;P＜0.001).Compared with the RH adults,the FA values in WM of the left postcentral gyrus (PoCG) (x =-24,y =-46,z =54) and the above left insula (INS) (x =-36,y =-12,z =20) increased (P＜ 0.001),as well as the average FA values,the average length and number of streamlines in WM tracts increased (P＜0.05) in LH adults.Compared with the RH adults,the MD values in the right HIP (x=24,y=-34,z=-2) decreased(P＜0.001),as well as the average MD values decreased,and the average length in WM tracts increased (P＜0.05) in LH adults.(2)There was positive correlation between FA and the volume of right splenium of corpus callosum in LH and RH adults (LH:r=0.716,RH:r=0.471,P＜0.05).There was negative correlation between FA and MD in the left PoCG (LH:r=-0.769,RH:r=-0.841),left INS (LH:r=-0.775,RH:r=-0.744) and right HIP (LH:r=-0.842,RH:r=-0.742) in LH and RH adults (all P＜0.05).Conclusion There are differences in both macrostructure and microstructure of white matter in several brain regions and WM tracts between left-handed and right-handed people,and correlations between these measures were also observed.

Objective To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy ( DR) and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD) .Methods Clinical data of 654 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) were collected from a cross sectional , population based survey on chronic diseases and risk factors which was conducted in Beijing Changping district from July 2010 to March 2011.Among 654 T2DM patients, there were 73 patients with ASCVD (ASCVD group) and 581 patients without ASCVD ( non-ASCVD group ) .The association between DR and ASCVD was analyzed .Results Patients with ASCVD had significantly older age [58.5(53.9,65.9) years], more female sex[52(71.2%)], higher proportion of ASCVD history [45(61.6%)], higher levels of PG 2 h[16.26(11.08,19.20) mmol/L], HbA1c[7.20(6.55,8.85)%], systolic pressure [151(133,165) mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)] and lower eGFR[87.2(75.0,103.0) ml· min-1· 1.73 m-2] than non-ASCVD patients[52.4(46.5,58.3) years, Z＝-5.86, P＝0.00; 307(52.8%),χ2＝-8.86, P＝0.00; 256(44.1%),χ2＝8.07, P＝0.01; 13.10(8.99,17.93) mmol/L, Z＝-2.35, P＝0.02; 6.70(6.00, 7.90)%, Z＝-3.33, P＝0.00; 143(131,158) mmHg, χ2＝-2.28, P＝0.02; 94.6(84.8,106.3) ml· min-1· 1.73 m-2, Z＝-3.47, P＝0.00].The trend to develop DR in ASCVD group was significantly higher than that in non-ASCVD group [19.2%(14/74) vs.8.3%(48/581), χ2＝9.01, P ＝0.00] .DR was an independent statistical indicator of the presence of ASCVD [ OR ( 95%CI ): 2.64 ( 1.37 -5.06 ), P ＝0.00 ] . Furthermore, when DR was divided into NPDR and PDR according to its severity , only PDR was significantly associated with incident ASCVD [OR(95%CI): 12.05 (2.63-55.12), P＝0.00].After adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors , such an association still existed , with the risk of having ASCVD increasing by 718%[ OR (95% CI): 8.18 ( 1.56 -42.81 ), P ＝0.01] .DR associates strongly with ASCVD in the Chinese population with T 2DM.Conclussion With the severity of DR increasing , the risk of ASCVD also grows.After adjustment for traditional risk factors , PDR is still associated with the risk of prevalent ASCVD.

【Objective】 To establish and evaluate a nephelometric assay for the determination of immunoglobulin A (IgA) residues in human intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG). 【Methods】 BN ProSpec^© automatic protein analyzer and its supporting immunoglobulin A determination kit (nephelometry) produced by German Siemens and the national standard of human IgA were used to establish the nephelometric assay to determine IgA residue in test products and verify the methodology. The test products include IVIG (pH4) prepared by low-temperature ethanol protein separation process and a novel IVIG prepared by chromatography. 【Results】 The average deviation of three calibration curves for IgA residues determination by the nephelometric assay were 1.08%, 0.95% and 1.54%,, and the three deviations of the quality control were 4.00%, -2.30% and -0.20%, respectively, which indicated good calibration and quality control. In the specificity test, the average recovery rates of IgA for reference substance 1 containing 100g/L maltose and reference substance 2 containing 20g/L glycine were 102.7% and 105.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the repeatability tests of the two test products were 3.9% and 1.9%, and the RSD values of the intermediate precision test were 3.6% and 2.3%, respectively.The difference values at each time point in the durability test of test products′ storage time were all less than 10%, and the RSD values of the two test products in the durability test of kits of different batches were 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively. In the accuracy test, the average recovery rates of IVIG (pH4) added to the standard were 94.2%, 101.7% and 96.2%, respectively, and the average recovery rates of the novel IVIG added to the standard were 102.8%, 106.3% and 99.7%, respectively. The average recovery rate of the limit quantification test was 101.0%, and the RSD was 4.0%. 【Conclusion】 Nephelometric assay has the advantages of strong specificity, high precision and accuracy, good repeatability, simple and rapid operation, and automation, and can be used for the determination of IgA residue in IVIG (pH4) and novel IVIG products.

Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death pathway, with specific morphological phenotypes and biochemical changes. There is a growing realization that ferroptosis has significant implications for several neurodegenerative diseases. Even though ferroptosis is different from other forms of programmed death such as apoptosis and autophagic death, they involve a number of common protein molecules. This review focuses on current research on ferroptosis and summarizes the cross-talk among ferroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy that are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that this information provides new ideas for understanding the mechanisms and searching for potential therapeutic approaches and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Ferroptosis ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases