OBJECTIVE:To study the occurrence of adverse drug reaction(ADR)in our hospital and its relevant factors in order to improve the rational drug use level in the clinic.METHODS:A total of 134 cases of ADR reports collected in our hospital in 2006 were classified and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the 134 cases,99 kinds of drugs were involved(in different dosage forms and specifications),leading the list were anti-infectives(34 kinds,34,34%),followed by Chinese drug preparations.Intravenous infusion(94 cases/times,59.49%)was the main route of administration;and the main types of ADR were lesions of skin and accessories.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring to promote rational drug use in the clinic.

Objective The current status of achievement motive levels and autonomous learning ability of nursing students was studied and compared in order to put forward suggestions to improve the achievement motive levels accordingly.Methods 119 nursing students were investigated about their achievement motive levels and autonomous learning ability by questionnaires.Then these students were divided into three groups according to their achievement motive scores and the autonomous learning ability was compared.Results The scores of Success-oriented motive of nursing students were significantly higher than that of failure-threatened motive.The total score of autonomous learning ability was(88.653+9.373)and the autonomous learning ability among these three groups was statistically different(P＜0.01).Conclusion The achievement motive greatly influenced the autonomous learning ability of nursing students.Measures should be adopted to improve the achievement motives so as to enhance their autonomous learning ability.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of electrolytes on the stability of the total parenteral nutrient(TPN) solutions.METHODS:The pH values and number changes of solution microparticles of 4 groups of TPN sample solutions that of different electrolytes were determined at 0h after preparation and 4 hours,8hours,12hours,16hours and 24hours,respectively after storage under room temperature(20℃～22℃). And the appearances of which were observed under naked eyes. RESUL_ TS:No changes were noted as for the pH of 4 groups of solutions within 24h.For the numbers of microparticles(≥5?m),those in Group 4(to which group valence 1 and valence 2 electrolytes were added) showed a rapid increase to peak value from the very start;while those of the other groups increased with the extension of storage time.Stratification appeared in Group 3(to which group,valence 2 electrolytes had been added) and Group 4(to which group,valence 1 and valence 2 electrolytes were added) 6 hours after preparation.Curdling reaction was noted in Group 2(to which group,valence 1 electrolytes had been added) at 12th hour.Neither sediments nor stratification appeared in Group 1(no electrolytes were added to which group).CONCLUSION:El_ectrolytes have certain influences on the stability of the TPN solutions.Care should be taken to the dosage of which at preparation.Furthermore,once prepared,the solution should be infused as soon as possible and the storage of which should not beyond 24h.

Objective To study the effects of RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated silencing of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) gene on glycornetabolism and insulin resistance in BALB/c mice. Methods Mfn2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and negative control green fluorescent protein(GFP) -expressed plasmid vectors were constructed. 44 mice were randomly divided into transfection group (Mfn2) and negative control group (HK). 1.5 ml GFP-expressed plasmid(negative control or Mfn2 shRNA,75 μg for each mouse)was injected into the mice in 5 seconds through vena caudalis. Five days later, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test(IPITT)were performed to evaluate glycometabolism and insulin sensitivity. D-3-[3~H]-glucose in PBS buffer were injected via the tail vein. Blood samples were taken at specific time points. Radioactivity was measured in all samples with liquid scintillation counter. The rates of hepatic glucose production in vivo were calculated. Mfn2 protein expression in hepatic tissue was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with HK mice, the Mfn2 expressions of Mfn2 mice decreased markedly(8.05±0.15 vs 8.56±0.01 ,P<0.05). The fasted blood glucose leves [(6.95±0. 83 vs 4.68±0. 29) mmol/L,P<0. 05] in Mfn2 mice were higher than those in HK mice. The insulin sensitivity of Mfn2 mice decreased markedly compared with HK mice. The rate of hepatic glucose production was significantly elevated in Mfn2 mice [(49.53±16.31)μmol·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)],compared with negative control mice[(24.91±4.07)μmol·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),P<0.05].Conclusion The down-regulatd expression of Mfn2 induces glycometabolic disorder and insulin resistance in BALB/c mice. Mfn2 plays an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in vivo.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography(DCE MRA)of the renal arteries.Methods 18 patients suspected with renal arterial diseases underwent DCE MR Angiography examinations.After 20 ml(0.15～0.20 mmol/kg)Gd-DTPA being injected quickly via cubital vein,a scaning and data acquisition with coronal three-demensional fast spoiled gradient(FSPGR)sequence was performed in a breath-hold time,the source images were introduced into work station for post processing,including maximum intensity projection(MIP)and multiplanner reconstruction(MPR),finally 3D DCE MRA images were obtained.Results A comparative study on renal artery stenosis and its degree between DCE MR angiography and DSA was done in 25 arteial segments of 12 cases.In 12 normal renal arteries shown by DSA,DCE MRA found 11 normal and one mild stenosis;Four moderate and one severe stenosis was shown by DCE MRA in five renal arteries with moderate stenosis identified by DSA;DCE MRA found five severe stenosis and three occlusion of renal anteries,which had accordance with DSA findings.Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography can accurately assess renal arterial diseases,the accuracy was especially higher in patients with severe arterial stenosis and occlusion.

Objective To assess any differences in brain activation during active,passive and imaginary movement of the hands using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),and to provide references for the cortical reorganization in patients with brain injuries.Methods Twenty healthy,righthanded,adult volunteers were studied,fMRI was performed during active,passive and imaginary fist clutching.Whole brain analysis and group analysis were applied to get the voxels,the volume of activation,the peak t-score and its coordinates.Results Active and passive movement both produced significant activation in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex,the contralateral supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum.The sensorimotor cortex was the most frequently and most strongly activated brain area.Imaginary movement produced significant bilateral activation in the supplementary motor area.Conclusions Active and passive movement induce similar brain activation patterns.This indicates that passive might replace active movement when observing activation of the brain's cortex during the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia.

Objective To detect the expression of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and NF-κB in renal tissue of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rats model,and to investigate the effect of rituximab (RTX) on the expression of RKIP in the renal tissue of DKD rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (N),DKD model group (M) and RTX treatment group (D).Blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein of rats were determined in three groups.RKIP protein and NF-κB protein were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. RKIP protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with N group,blood glucose,24-hour urine protein and NF-κB expression in M group increased significantly (all P＜ 0.01),the expression of RKIP in M group decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with M group,the expression of RKIP increased significantly in D group (P＜0.05),and 24-hour urine protein and NF-κB expression decreased in D group (all P＜0.05).NF-κB protein expression was negatively correlated with RKIP expression in M group. Conclusions The NF-κB pathway regulated by RKIP plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Rituximab may have a role in treatment of DKD.

Objective:To detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in (TNF alpha) breast cacner and its relationship with imaging features.Methods:Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to detect the expression of TNF-α in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.Collect 82 patients with mammary gland disease,which was confirmed by pathological tissue,its pathological data,imaging data,and by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of TNF-α in breast tissues,and analyze and the relationship between its expression and the pathological features and imaging characteristics.Results:TNF-α high expression in MDA-MB-231,the expression of TNF-oα in malignant breast tumor tissue significantly higher than that in benign tumor,the expression quantity associated with lymph node metastasis,TNM stages,strengthen uniform in MRI,the boundary and the shape of the X-ray Mammography (P=0.01),and color flow signal strength in ultrasound (P＜0.05).Conclusions:TNF alpha in breast tumor tissue was unusually high expression,and is closely related to some of the imaging features of breast tumor.

Objective To investigate the brain metabolic changes and evaluate their spatial distributions after traumatic axonal injury (TAI)in rats by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS).Methods The TAI model was made by subjecting the head of the rats to the linear and angular accelerations.The multi-voxel MRS was employed to detect the tissue metabolic state at the levels of hippocampus-caudate and pons prior to injury and at 24 hours after injury.The alterations of NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr values as well as the spatial distribution of NAA/Cr reduction were accessed. Immunohistochemical staining for β-APP was used to observe the injured axons. Results A siguificantdecrease in NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho(P<0.05)and subtle increase in Cho/Cr(P>0.05)were observed in rats at 24 hours after TAI in comparison to the pre-injury levels.Notable decrease in NAA/Cr value was observed in the areas including the brain stem,hippocampus,internal capsule,corpus callosum and thalamus,where axonal injuries were confirmed by the histological examination. Conclusion Metabolic imbalances Occur in the brains of rats with TAI.with notable changes in the brain stem and the hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the effect of high glucose on renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and to analyze the relationship between high glucose and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and the mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods HKC and Smad7-overexpression HKC cells were grown in DMEM/F12 medium containing 5%～10%newborn calf serum.They were cultured for 16 h in free serum medium after 80%cells were adhered onto the surface of the flask.Afterwards,they were stimulated by high glucose(glucose concentration:25 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L).The expression of α-SMA,E-cadherin and fibronectin was detected by Western blot while the supernatant level of TGF-β1 was detected by ELISA.Cell motility and migration was evaluated using Boyden chamber motogenicity assay. Results In HKC induced by high glucose,the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin protein was highly upregulated while the expression of E-cadhefin protein was down-regulated.The expression of TGF-β1was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner.These above-mentioned effects could be obviously inhibited by anti-TGF-β1 antibody.The protein expression of α-SMA,fibronectin and E-cadherin had no obvious change in Smad7-overexpression HKC induced by high glucose.HKC exhibited enhanced motility and invasive capacity in high glucose groups,compared to that in control group.Migrated cell counting was(12.4±3.7)and(18.6±4.4)cell/HP in 25 and 50 mmol/L glucose groups respectively. Conclusion High glucose may induce renal tubular epithelialmesenchymal transition through TGF-β1 pathway,which can be inhibited by blocking the Smad signal pathway.