rade the unsafe factors, elevate the rescue drug ad-ministration level, improve nursing personnels' working efficiency and quality.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 6 components in Lonicera japonica,and to study the content changes of them before and after before and after carbonized. METHODS:UPLC method was adopted. The deter-mination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% phosphoric acid solu-tion-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.2 mL /min. The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm,and column tem-perature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 1 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges of chlorogenic acid,rutin,galuteolin,isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C were 21.2-424 μg(r=0.9993),1.17-23 μg(r=0.9995),2.18-43 μg(r=0.9998),5.10-102 μg(r=0.9993),2.60-52 μg(r=0.9991),4.95-99 μg(r=0.9998),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were all lower than 2.0%. Recoveries were 97.11%-99.76%(RSD=1.20%,n=6),95.20%-99.90%(RSD=2.20%,n=6),95.71%-100.30%(RSD=2.20%,n=6),95.00%-96.98%(RSD=0.88%,n=6),96.47%-103.00%(RSD=2.40%, n=6),95.78%-103.80%(RSD=3.20%,n=6). Compared with before processing,the contents of rutin,isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C in L. japonica were increased along with processing,the contents of chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A were decreased significantly,while the content of galuteolin had no significant change. CONCLUSIONS:The method is sim-ple,precise,stable and repeatable,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 6 components in L. japonica. Those chemi-cal components have certain changes before and after carbonized.

Objective:To develop an evidence-based nursing program for a patient with oral complications of dysphagia due to cerebral infarction.Methods:According to the principle of PICO, and the problem of patients' clinical manifestations, using the method of combining subject words and free words, the database of Uptodate, NICE, SIGN. RNAO, medical pulse guide network, BMJ, Cochranc library, PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched and collected the clinical guidelines, systematic evaluation and randomized controlled trial of oral complications in patients with dysphagia of cerebral infarction.Results:Totally 1 clinical decision, 5 clinical guidelines, 4 expert consensus, 2 systematic evaluations, 1 Meta-analysis, 3 randomized controlled trial (RCT) were included. Based on the search results and the patient′s condition and wishes, nurses performed swallowing function tests every two days according to the Standard Swallowing function rating Scale (SSA), raised the head of the bed 40°~45° and holded it for 1 hour. Three times a day, the teeth were brushed with chlorhexidine oral care solution under negative pressure. Sputum scab was removed by mechanical scrubbing. The back of tongue was scrubbed by 6x tongue scraping technique every night. After the infection was controlled, the teeth were washed twice a day with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Oral condition and swallowing function were evaluated daily. High flow humidification oxygen therapy and mask spray atomization inhalation were used. Swallowing training was performed on the third day after admission. Seven days after the evidence was applied to clinical practice, the oral mucosa was moist without peculiar smell and sputum scab, and the swallowing function was changed from grade IV to grade II.Conclusion:Nursing cerebral infarction patients with dysphagia, nurses should timely assess the patient's oral cavity and swallowing function, the application of chlorhexidine and 0.9% sodium chloride solution oral care solution mechanical scrubbing method and negative pressure washing brushing method can effectively remove sputum scab, use 6x tongue scraping technology to scrub the back of tongue, can reduce micro organisms, reduce halitosis; the application of nasal mask high flow humidification oxygen therapy and spray atomization inhalation humidification effect is obvious Therefore, early swallowing training can reduce the incidence of oral complications.

Objective With various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intra-amniotic injection in pregnant rats to establish histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) model,and to determine the effects of HCA on fetal lung maturation and development in preterm fetal rats.Methods Thirty pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups.On 19 days of gestation,rats in three model groups (n=8) were given intra-amniotic injection of LPS 2,8,10 μg,respectively,and those in the only one control group (n=6)was given normal saline (NS) 40 μl.Fetal rats were taken out 48 hours after LPS injection.Placenta,fetal membrane,fetal lung and umbilical cord were collected for pathological examination.mRNAs of surfactant protein (SP)-A,B and C and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in lung were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain preaction.KGF protein expression in lung was measured by immunohistochemistry.Morphologic observation of lung was performed on postnatal day 3.R× C table Chi-square test,KruskalWallis test and analysis of variance were used as statistical methods.Results (1) Fetal rat mortality in control,LPS2,LPS8 and LPS10 group was 0.0％ (0/55),22.5％ (18/80),51.4％ (36/70) and 87.5％(35/40),respectively,which increased with increasing dose of LPS (x2=46.183,P＜0.005).(2) HCA,fetal lung inflammation and umbilical vasculitis were induced in LPS groups,and the severity was dosedependent (fetal lung inflammation:Hc=39.84,HCA:Hc=41.13,umbilical vasculitis:Hc=41.52,all P＜0.01).(3) The expression of SP-A,SP-B,SP-C and KGF mRNAs in the four groups (control,LPS2,8,10) had statistical differences (SP-A mRNA:0.99±0.28,2.48±0.34,1.09±0.31 and 0.09±0.09,F=78.051; SP-B mRNA:0.99±0.34,2.23±0.53,1.49±0.51 and 0.14±0.06,F=28.327; SP-C mRNA:1.20±0.39,2.00±0.20,1.04±0.37 and 0.12±0.16,F=39.546; KGF mRNA:0.97±0.19,2.18±0.61,0.93±0.09 and 0.21±0.11,F=37.544; all P＜0.01).All mRNA expressions in LPS2 group were higher than those in the control group and those in LPS10 group was lower (all P＜0.05).(4) The expression of KGF protein in LPS2 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (0.60±0.20 vs 0.28±0.12,0.37±0.22,0.24±0.12,F=17.280,all P＜0.01).(5) Alveolarization was significantly inhibited in LPS8 group on postnatal day 3,and less maturity of pulmonary tissue was observed.Conclusions Various doses of LPS intra-amniotic injection in rats could induce HCA,fetal lung inflammation and umbilical vasculitis with different degrees.Histological inflammation would be worse with increasing LPS dosage.Moderate inflammation could promote lung maturation without inducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and KGF may play a role in this process.

Objective To investigate the value of interventional therapy for nephrorrhagia after mini-invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).Methods From February 2007 to December 2008,16 cases with nephrorrhagia after MPCNL underwent interventional therapy,of them,14 cases treated with super-selective embolization,one case treated by kindey arterial embolization and one case with renal subcapsular bleeding treated by reptilase intra-arterial infusion.Results In 16 cases,15 cases were successfully treated by embolization.Conclusion Interventional therapy is the first choice method for treating nephrorrhagia after MPCNL.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS A.baumannii was collected in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2006.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk-diffusion method.RESULTS A total of 548 A.baumannii were collected during 4 years.Of these isolates,130(23.7%) strains were from intensive care unit(ICU),190 strains(34.7%)from surgical,and others from medical and emergency departments.Most of strains(78.5%) were isolated from sputum,next from wound.The prevalence of A.baumannii was increasing during last 4 years.Results of susceptibility test showed that imipenem was the most active antibiotic against A.baumannii.The resistance rates were high to most antibiotics.Most of the resistant strains was from the ICU and the general ward differentand had significant difference.More than 50% of isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents tested except imipenem and ciprofloxacin in ICU.CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of A.baumannii is increasing.A.baumannii isolates show high resistance to multiple antibiotics,especially in ICU.

Objective:To explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Homo sapiens longevity assur-ance homologue 2 (LASS2) gene 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) and susceptibility of bladder cancer among residents of Yunnan, China. Methods:A total of 105 bladder cancer patients (bladder cancer group) and 100 nonbladder cancer patients (control group) were se-lected. PCR method and sequence for LASS2-3′-UTR were performed to identify the SNPs correlated with bladder cancer. The relation-ships between the LASS2-3′-UTR polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk were analyzed. Results:An SNP (rs8444) was identified in LASS2-3′-UTR, and the T/C allele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs8444 largely differed between the bladder cancer and control groups (χ2=10.267, P=0.006;χ2=10.634, P=0.001). Individuals that carry the rs8444 C allele or CC genotype had a remarkably lower risk of bladder cancer compared with those that carry the T allele or TT genotype (OR=0.489, 95%CI:0.309-0.772, P=0.002;OR=0.258, 95%CI:0.081-0.827, P=0.023). No significant correlations were observed between the T/C allele frequencies and genotype distri-butions of rs8444 and TNM stage, as well as histological grade and distant metastasis in bladder cancer (P>0.05). Conclusion: The rs8444 C allele or CC genotype located within LASS2-3′-UTR can lower the susceptibility of bladder cancer among the residents of Yun-nan, China. However, it is not associated with the TNM stage, histological grade, and distant metastasis.

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the distribution of CD3+T lymphocyte in the tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area, and analyze the significance. Methods Biopsy was performed in 28 patients with bladder cancer, and the distribution and number of CD3+T lymphocyte in tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area were observed and compared using immunohistochemistry. Results Many of CD3+T lymphocytes could be observed in the epithelium of paracancer tissues, but CD3+T lymphocytes in cancer nests was few. The average number of CD3+T lymphocytes in every 5 typical microscope visual fields of paracancer tissues and cancer nests was 15 ±4.5 and 4 ±2.2, respectively, and the difference was significant ( <0.05) . Conclusion Distribution of CD3+T lymphocytes in bladder cancer nests and paracancer tissues was different, which may be related to the immune escape and prognosis of bladder cancer. It is worthy of further research.

Objective To evaluate the surgical method and curative effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in treatment of impacted proximal ureteric calculi.Methods 45 cases of proximal ureteric calculi treated with MPCNL were studied retrospectively.Percutaneous nephrostomy was established under the guide of X-ray,B-ultrasound and naked eye,and the nephropathy was extended to F16 through invasive percutaneous.Stones were taken out by ureteropyeloscopic pneumatic lithotripsy with help of hydraulic perfusion pump.Results The surgical time was 15～110 min with the average of 42 min after percutaneous nephrostomy.The average blood loss volume was 30 mL;no severe complications were occurred in the intra-or post-operative time.The rate of complete clearance of stones was 100% in first attempt.The mean hospital stay was 9 d,and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 d.Conclusion MPCNL used to treat the impacted proximal urethral calculi have satisfied effects and a lot of merits.

Objective To evaluate the surgical method and curative effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in treatment of impacted proximal ureteric calculi and giant renal pelvic calculi with moderate or severe hydronephrosis by non-imaging in localization.Methods 52 cases of calculi treated with MPCNL were studied retrospectively.Percutaneous nephrostomy was established by non-imaging in localization(naked eye) according location of kidneys,length of 12th ribs,degree of hydronephrosis and condition of calculi,and the nephropathy was extended to F16 through invasive percutaneous.Stones were taken out by ureteropyeloscopic pneumatic lithotripsy with the help of hydraulic perfusion pump.Results The operative time was 32~140min with the average of 112min.The average blood loss volume was 45mL.No severe complication occurred in the intra-or post-operative time.The rate of complete clearance of stones was 96 % in first attempt,and the residual stones passed out by themselves after the double "J" tube was pulled out in cases.The mean hospital stay was 9 days,and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.2 days.Conclusion To treat the impacted proximal ureteric calculi and giant renal pelvic calculi with moderate hydronephrosis or severe hydronephrosis,some skilled doctors can appropriately use the method of MPCNL by non-imaging in localization,since the method can reduce the harm by X-ray,and save medical expenses.