Objective To investigate the mechanism of Secretio bufonis injection on the carcinostatic activities in mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor. Methods Secretio bufonis injection (1.5 mL) was injected into the abdomind cavity of mice once 5 d for 3 times. Cyclophosphamide (0.5 mg/0.5 mL) was injected into other groups. NS (0.5 mL) was injected into control groups. Each group were 20 mice. TNF and survival time of mice were observed. Results Mean survival times of mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were (28.2?5.8)d for Secretio bufonis group,(27.9?9.7)d for Cyclophosphamide group,(20.7?4.2)d for control group. The content of TNF in mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were 2.53?0.14 for Secretio bufonis group,3.02?0.14 for Cyclophosphamide group,3.32?0.2 for control group. The survival times of mice bearing intraperitoneal H22 tumor were prolonged in the groups of Secretio bufonis (P

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of sodium ferulate(SF)on apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP),and the effect of SF on expression of bcl-2 and bax.METHODS:The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were exposed to 50 ?mol SNP,a nitric oxide-donor,for 24 h after pretreatment with different concentrations of SF(10-160 ?mol/mL)for 6 h.Then neuronal viability was tested by MTT assay.Fluorescent staining with Hoechst 33258 and agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze apoptosis.The expressions of bcl-2,bax mRNA and protein were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:Pretreatment with SF(10-160 ?mol/L)for 6 h increased the survival rate of neurons.SF prevented the neuronal nuclei from shrinkage,condensation and cleavage and blocked neuronal nuclear DNA fragmentation induced by SNP.SF also increased the expressions of bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein and decreased the expressions of bax mRNA and Bax protein.CONCLUSION:SF prevents the cultured hippocampal neurons against SNP neurotoxicity.The mechanism of protection is related to the increase in Bcl-2 level and the decrease in Bax level.As a result,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax is changed.

Objective To investigate the detecting ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT in skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by whole body and skull base SPECT and CT of nasopharynx and skull base before radiotherapy. The results were double blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull base invasion detected by SPECT and CT were 63.5% and 25.4%. In patients with headache, cranial nerve palsy and both, they were 87.9%,93.3%,92.3% and 42.4%,46.7%,46.2%. In patients with T 1+T 2 and T 3+T 4 lesions, they were 37.5%,90.3% and 0.0%,51.6%. In patients with N 0+N 1 and N 2+N 3 lesions, they were 63.9% ,63.0% and 19.4%,33.3%. The positive rates of SPECT were higher than those of CT (McNemar Test, P

Objective To investigate the ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI in detecting skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received whole body and skull-base tomography SPECT, and nasopharynx and skull-base MRI before radiotherapy. The results were double-blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull-base invasion detected by SPECT and MRI were 51% and 46% (P=0.508). In paitents with headache, cranial nerve palsy or both, the rates were 83% and 86% (P=1.000) ,80% and 80% (P=1.000), 88% and 94% (P=1.000), respectively. In patients with T1+T2 and T3+T4lesions,the rates were 22% and 0(P=0.031) ,74% and 82% (P=0.250) ,repectively. In patients with N0+N1and N2+N3lesions,they were 50% and 48% (P=1.000) ,53% and 40% (P=0.500) ,respectively. The conformation rate between SPECT and MRI was 85%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that T stage was a risk factor for positive SPECT(χ2=4.23,P=0.040, OR=3.04). Headache tended to be a risk factor for both positive SPECT and positive MRI (χ2=3.13, P=0.077, OR=4.54;χ2=3.64,P=0.056,OR=12.00). Conclusions The detection sensitivity of SPECT in skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is equivalent to that of MRI. The consistency between SPECT and MRI is good. Moreover, there is a good correlation between SPECT and symptoms, signs and stage. SPECT of skullbase tomography is necessary for patients with severe headache, negative CT and those who can not receive MRI. When SPECT result is positive,skull-base should be considered to be invaded and should be defined as gross tumor volume in radiotherapy planning.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of tibial locking multidirectional interlocking intramedullary nail (TLMIIN) for tibial plateau fractures. Methods 38 cases with closed tibial plateau fractures treated by TLMIIN from October 2008 to May 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 males and 16 females, with an average age of 48.7 years (range, 28-67 years). There were 24 fractures on the left side while the other 14 factures were on the right side, which were all fresh frac?tures. According to AO/OTA classification of tibial plateau fractures, there were 4 cases of B1, 1 case of B2, 14 cases of B3, 8 cas?es of C1, 5 cases of C2 and 6 cases of C3. Close reduction were performed on 4 cases (10.5%of all cases). Open reduction were performed on the other 34 cases. The limited incision was decided by the distribution of the fragments and fracture line. Hohl?Luck evaluation system was applied for the follow?up. Results The mean follow?up period was 18.1 months (range, 11-23 months). All fractures were healed at an average period of 87.4 days (range, 48-131 days). The average time from operation to full weight?bearing was 108.9 days (range, 80-128 days). Hohl?Luck evaluation system was used in the final follow?up. The excellent and good rate of functional score was 94.7%(36/38), including 28 cases excellent, 8 cases good and 2 cases fair from functional as?pect. The excellent and good rate of radiological score was 84.2%(32/38), including 23 cases excellent, 9 cases good and 6 cases fair from radiological aspect. No complications such as infection, breakage and loosening of the screw, malunion, nonunion oc?curred at the time of the latest follow?up. 6 cases with serious swelling of the knee joint and the soft tissue of crus were cured by an?ticoagulation, dehydration and physiotherapy treatments after operation. The 2 cases with a little exudates and incrustation was bacterial cultured negative and healed after 16 days and 18 days on the incision. 1 case had lost of reduction due to weight?bearing 1 week after operation, who had 25 degree of varus deformity, which was left dispose, and the bone healing and joint function were unaffected. Conclusion The intramedullary support, restrictive and non?restrictive multidirectional tridimensional fixation of TLMIIN technology had satisfactory effects in treating plateau fractures. It can supply a new therapeutic method, with little dam?age of soft tissues when taking out the internal fixation and reduce some postoperative complications.

Purpose To compare and investigate the oncogenic and metastatic phenotypes in nude mice by injection of rat hepatocellu-lar carcinoma ( HCC) cells L2 via two different routes. Methods Twenty of 7-week-old female BALB/cA mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. After the injections of L2 from liver or spleen lobe, the survival rate, tumor formation rate, carcinogenic features, and metastasis were comparatively studied. Results All of the liver orthotopic nude mice developed liver cancer (100%) with 60% lung metastasis rate, and exhibited an expansive growing pattern with surrounding invasion. In the spleen orthotopic model, 78% mice de-veloped HCC in spleen, with 67% liver metastatic rate and 11% lung metastatic rate, lower than the liver orthotopic model ( P <0. 05). But the microscopically hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 33%. Conclusion The direct liver injection of L2 in female nude mice is a better modeling method for studying the mechanism of both carcinogenesis and metastasis, as well as the evaluation of therapeutic effect of liver cancer.

Objective To study the the causes, management and preventive measures for complications of holmium laser ureterolithotripsy. Methods Three hundred and seven cases of uteteral calculi from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2010 were reported (203 men and 104 women, age ranged from 18-83 years,mean age 51.6 years). One hundred thirty-three patients had calculi in the lower ureter,94 in the middle part and 80in the upper ureter. Results The overall comminution rate was 89.9% (276/307 cases). sixteen cases (5.2%) were followed by ESWL due to the shift of the stones to the renal pelvis. The operation failed in 9 cases(2.9%), 3 cases(1%) had perforation,and recoveried after open operation. Deep infection was found in 3(1%)cases,which recoveried after anti-infective therapy. Conclusions Holmium laser ureterolithotripsy is an effective method for treating ureteral calculi, with advantage of high efficiacy,safety and minimal invasion. To master the operating induction, to raise operating technique and to take correct measure could reduce complications effectually.

Objective To understand the variation in response of Oncomelania hupensis to niclosamide. Methods Snails were collected from 37 sampling areas distributed in 10 provinces (municipalities) using random environmental sampling methods in accordance with the different types and categories of snail habitats. In laboratory the snails were immersed in solutions of niclosamide for 24 and 48 hours at 25℃. Results 1.0 mg/L niclosamide showed 100% killing effect on snails in 24 hours. The LC 50 concentrations for snails immersed for 24 hours ranged from 0.0320 to 0.1689 mg/L with a mean value of 0.0920 mg/L. 0.5 mg/L niclosamide showed 100% killing effect on snails in 48 hours. The LC 50 values for snails immersed for 48 hours ranged between 0.0299 and 0.1114 mg/L with a mean of 0.0627 mg/L. There is a significant difference in snail sensitivity to niclosamide between sampling areas. Conclusion The sensitivity to niclosamide varied in snails from different sampling fields, but the chemical in a concentration of 1.0 mg/L showed 100% effect of killing snails, which is consistent to the manual of schistosomiasis control.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of IgAN patients with massive proteinuria,as well as their treatment response to glucocorticoids and long-term prognosis.Methods Clinical and pathological parameters were collected in patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Oct 2015.Patients were followed up for at least six months under the treatment with full dosage of glucocorticoids.Responses of patients with and without nephrotic syndrome were compared.Results A total of 156 patients were enrolled for the analysis (86 patients in the nephropathic proteinuria group,and 70 patients in the nephrotic syndrome group).Patients presented with nephrotic syndrome showed higher proportion of IgM deposition in renal slides.There exited no difference in treatment response to glucocorticoids between the two groups.Patients with full or partial remission showed a better prognosis by Kaplan-Meier analysis than no remission group (P ＜ 0.001).The ratio of segmental sclerosis was negatively correlated with treatment response to glucocorticoids by multiple linear regression (3 value=-0.330,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate Cox regression model showed that glomerular density (HR=0.45,P=0.02) and eGFR (HR=0.95,P=0.001)were independent influential factors for renal survival.Conclusions Patients presented with nephrotic syndrome show higher proportion of IgM deposition in renal slides.Patients in remission after treatment with 6-month glucocorticoids present a better prognosis than no remission patients,and glomerular density as well as eGFR are independent influential factors for renal survival.

Purpose: Pyrotinib is a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study reported the first real-world data of pyrotinib-based therapy in metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC), focusing on efficacy in lapatinib-treated patients and in brain metastasis. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirteen patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC treated with pyrotinib-based therapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center under non-clinical trial settings from September 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019 were included. Results: Over half patients have received more than two lines of systematic therapy and exposed to two or more kinds of anti-HER2 agents. Most patients received a combined therapy, commonly of pyrotinib plus capecitabine, or vinorelbine or trastuzumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months (range, 5.54 to 7.06 months) and objective response rate (ORR) was 29.5%, with two patients (1.9%) achieving complete response. Lapatinib-naïve patients had significantly longer PFS than lapatinib-treated patients (9.0 months vs. 5.4 months, p=0.001). ORR for lapatinib-treated patients was 23.2%. Thirty-one of 113 patients have brain metastasis. Median PFS was 6.7 months and intracranial ORR was 28%. For patients without concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was very low (6.3%). But for patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was 66.7%, and three patients achieved complete response. Most common adverse event was diarrhea. Conclusion Pyrotinib-based therapy demonstrated promising effects in metastatic HER2-positive BC and showed activity in lapatinib-treated patients. For patients with brain metastasis, pyrotinib-based regimen without radiotherapy showed limited efficacy, but when combined with radiotherapy it showed promising intracranial control.