Objective To study over expression of VMAT_(2) in CHO cells resisted toxicity of MPP~(+) and rotenone.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the viability of wild type china hamster ovary(WT-CHO) and over expression of VMAT_(2) cells(VMAT_(2)-CHO) with different concentrations of MPP~(+)and Rotenone,meanwhile the change of morphology was observed.Results Indicated that acted by MPP~(+) with the scope of 0.2～(2.0 mmol/L)(P

Objective:To establish the method for the determination of five anthraquinones constituents including aloe-emodin , rhein, emodin , chrysophanol and physcion in Yanxiaodinaer syrups. Methods: An HPLC method was used with a DIONEX Acclaim 120A C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution at flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 254nm,the column temperature was 30℃and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear ranges of the five anthraquinones were 0. 018 7-0. 467 0 μg(r=0. 999 8),0. 020 2-0. 504 0 μg(r=0. 999 9), 0.013 0-0.390 6 μg(r=0.999 9),0.013 3-0.399 9 μg(r=0.999 9)and 0.009 3-0.277 8 μg(r=0.999 9), and the recoveries were 94. 30%(RSD=2. 68%,n=6),95. 49%(RSD=2. 50%,n=6),93. 70%(RSD=2. 42%,n=6),92. 52%(RSD=2. 40%,n=6) and 93. 72%(RSD=2. 54%,n=6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is accurate , sensitive and reproducible, which can be used as the basis for the quality control of Yanxiaodinaer syrups.

Objective To study MRI characteristics and value in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skull base erosion. Methods 86 cases of nasopharygeal carcinoma with positive nasopharyngeal pathology and symptoms of skull base erosion were selected. Axial T1WI, T2WI and coronal, sagital T1WI were performed. 47 cases had axial, coronal and sagital T1WI examination post Gd-DTPA injection. Results Areas of skull base involvement were as follow: 56 cases with pterygoid process, 54 with clivus, 28 with foramen ovale (including sphenoid wing), 27 with petrous apex, 1 with occiptal bone. 71 cases had more than one area involvement. There are four patterns in our group: ①Defect in the signal avoid cortex of skull base; ②High signal intensity of marrow was replaced by tumor; ③Contrast enhancement in abnormal bone; ④String like enhancement passing nerve foramen in skull base. 44 cases included intracranial abnormal. Conclusion MRI is the preferred technique in dementstrating skull base involvemetn of nasopharyngeal carcinoman.

Cerebral small vessel disease refers to the diseases that affects intracranial small arteries,arterioles,precapillaries,and venules.The image-based types mainly include white matter lesion,lacunar infarction,and cerebral microbleeds.It is believed to be the independent risk factors of cognitive impairment or vascular dementia.The location,number and volume of the small vessel diseases may all influence the degree of cognitive impairment and manifestation.

Objective To research the clinical efficacy of alprostadil injection in treatment of patients with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Eighty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) were enrolled in this study,and they were randomly divided into treatment group (45 patients) and control group (40 patients).All patients were given 300 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel before operation,anti-platelet aggregation and long-term hpid regulation were given.On the basisof conventional treatment,0.9％ sodium chloride (NaCl) 100 ml and alprostadil injection 10 μ g were given in treatment group,2 times one day,a total of 14 d.After treatment for 1,6 months,the heart function and systohc function were assessed by echocardiography.High sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),endothehn (ET)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured with ELISA,nitric oxide (NO) was measured with chromatometry.The basic clinical characteristic,inflammatory markers and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed during in-hospital and follow-up period between two groups.Results The level of IL-6,hs-CRP,ET-1,NO in two groups had no significant difference before treatment and after treatment for 1 month (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 6 months,the level of IL-6,hs-CRP,ET-1,NO in treatment group had significant difference compared with that in control group [(1.04 ± 1.10) ng/L vs.(3.82 ± 1.34) ng/L,(1.5 ±1.2)mg/Lvs.(3.5 ±0.8) mg/L,(62.18 ± 20.22) ng/L vs.(85.56± 16.55) ng/L,(55.25 ± 8.25) μmol/L vs.(46.16 ±9.20) μ mol/L] (P ＜0.05).The level of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in two groups before treatment and after treatment for 1 month had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 6months,the level of LVESV,LVEDV in treatment group were significandy lower than those in control group [(82.5 ± 20.6) ml vs.(90.5 ± 20.1) ml,(130.5 ± 33.8) ml vs.(144.3 ± 28.6) ml],the level of LVEF was significantly higher than that in control group [(57.8 ±6.3)％ vs.(48.5 ±6.5)％],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate and the incidence of MACE was 7.5％ (3/40),25.0％ (10/40)in control group,which were significantly higher than those in treatment group [4.4％ (2/45),13.3％ (6/45)],there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).The incidence of heart failure in control group was 22.5％(9/40),which was significantly higher than that in treatment group [11.1％(5/45)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Using alprostadil injection for patients with AMI after emergency PCI can prevent left ventricular remodeling,improve left ventricular function,and can reduce the incidence of MACE.Alprostadil injection can reduce the inflammatory reaction in patients with AMI,inhibit catecholamine release,inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation,and stable plaques,reduce the incidence of MACE.

Objective To improve the diagnostic level of on pelvic nodal metastases of prostate cancer. Methods Thirty-three cases of prostate cancer underwent instep lymphangiography to find out if there were pelvic nodal metastases.The results of lymphangiography were compared with the pathologic results of fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. Results In the 9 cases testing positive for nodal metastases 7 were identified by cytology of fine needle aspiration biopsy and 6 were confirmed by pathology;while in the 24 cases with negative results,4 were false negative(17%). Conclusions The lymphangiography plays an important role in diagnosis of nodal metastases of prostate cancer.Fine needle aspiration for suspected lymph nodes can minimize false positive result,nevertheless there is still false negative result in lymphangiography.

Objective To study the neurotoxicity induced by rotenone to the primary cultured ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Methods SD rat ventral mesencephalic neurocytes were cultured and identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Immunohistochemistry and morphological observation were used to evaluate the toxicity of rotenone to the dopaminergic neurons and astroglia. Results After 24 h of exposure to rotenone at 0.10 and 1.00 ?mol/L, the number of surviving dopaminergic neurons significantly decreased. The number of surviving astrocytes significantly decreased treated with 1.00 ?mol/L. Exposed to 0.10 ?mol/L rotenone, the morphological change of the dopaminergic neurons was seen, the area of cell body decreased significantly. Conclusion The dopaminergic neurons is more susceptible to the neurotoxicity of rotenone.

Parkinson’s disease (PD)is one of familiar neurodegenerative disorder. The pathogenesis of PD,up to now,has not been fully understood. Although heredity,aging and environmental factors were involved,the combination effects of these factors were much concerned. PD animal model is an indispensable tool for exploring the mechanism,neuro-protective drugs and therapy strategies. Some kinds of animal models were introduced in this paper. MPTP mouse model is the most important and most universal use.The consideration of the effect of multiple risk factors may be the start of new era in the research field of PD animal models.

Objective To recognize the developments and achievements of the clinical neuropathology in China from 1955 to 2009.Methods Retrospective survey of literatures related clinical neuropathology published in Chinese Journal of Neurology (CJN) from the first issue in 1955 to the No.12 issue in 2009 was conducted; Total literatures of CJN and literatures of the clinical neuropathology were respectively counted and the percentage of the latter was analyzed in different periods; Proportion of autopsy and biopsy literatures was also analyzed.According to categories of nervous system diseases,their relative percentages were respectively counted.The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures and autopsy literatures of CJN were compared with the data of the same period of J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (JNNP).Results (1) The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures in total literatures of CJN were 18.11％ (65/359),20.81％ (103/495),17.05％ (22/129),15.50％ (230/1484),11.58％ (176/1520) and 16.04％ (309/1927),respectively,in 1955-1959,1960-1969,1970-1979,1980-1989,1990-1999,2000-2009.The percentage variation trend in different periods from 1955 to 2009 had significant difference (trend x2 =7.977,P =0.005) ; But there was no significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP from 1955 to 2009.(2) The percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN from 1995 to 2009 appeared gradually to decline; Compared with JNNP,the percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN during 1980-2009 were lower,and there was significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP.(3) The main types of neurological diseases in the neuropathological literatures were tumors,infectious diseases and cerebrovascular diseases from 1955 to 1989,while myopathies became the most main disease type during 1990-2009; Compared with the same period JNNP,the clinical neuropathological literatures of the rare and difficult diseases and neurodegenerative diseases in CJN were relatively less.Conclusions Neuropathology is important in the clinical neuroscience research.From 1955 to 2009,main achievements of clinical neuropathological researches in China mainland lie in tumors,cerebrovascular diseases,infectious diseases and myopathies.But in recent years,due to the lack of autopsy cases,it is to the disadvantage of exploring pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and understanding some rare and difficult diseases.

Objective To summarize the experience of microsurgery for repair on urethrovaginal and vesicovaginal fistula. Methods Five cases of complex urethrovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula underwent repair procedure with thin suture under surgical magnifier.The defect of vesical neck was sutured in several layers and the urethra was renovated by using vaginal wall tissue. Results The operations were successful in all the 5 cases with no obvious incontinence.Their course of coition was not influenced. Conclusions Suturing the defect of the vesical neck in several layers can restore the function of the sphincter.Microsurgery may align the tissue well and cause less tissue reaction,thus it is beneficial to the concrescence of the fistula.