The pentobarbital sleeping times ( PST ) in rats and mice pretreated with ranitidine acutely or chronically do not differ significantly from the control groups. But the PST pretreated with cimetidine acutely and chronically both do prolong significantly in rats and mice. The blood pentobarbital concentration in the male rats pretreated with cimetidine chronically is significantly higher than the ranitidine and control groups. Close relationship between the PST and the blood pentobarbital concentration has been observed.

Objective To design and apply the digital training modular for nurses in blood sample collection in order to improve the quality of blood sample collection.Methods Based on the principle of evidence-based nursing,the records of unqualified blood samples in the clinical laboratory department were analyzed.Then,the modular of examination item list,tube choosing,volume of blood sample,patient preparation and theoretical foundation,influential factors of the quality of blood collection,and quality information were designed and applied to train nurses.Results After training,the unqualified rate of blood samples was significantly decreased from 0.56% to 0.34% (P<0.01).Conclusion The application of digital training modular of blood sample collection can improve the quality of blood collection.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy (CE), CT enterography (CTE), ileocolonoscopy and small bowel follow through (SBFT) for small bowel Crohn's disease (CD). Methods Fifty-seven consecutive patients with CD underwent ileocolonoscopy, CTE, CE, and SBFT. It included the presence of the following symptoms and signs: abdominal pain, weight loss,diarrhea, fever and positive fecal occult blood test. The location and the characteristics of intestinal and extra-intestinal lesions detected by four techniquks were compared. The proportions of patients with positive findings using each examination were compared. Results Of the 57 patients, 50 underwent ileocolonoscopy, terminal ileum lesion was found in 33 patients (66. 00% ), the remaining 17 (34.0%)were normal; among 34 patients who had CTE, 29 of small bowel lesion were found (85. 29% ); CE were performed in 27 patients, due to prolonged gastric transit one time, the capsule did not reach the cecum in one patient during battery lifetime. CE showed small bowel lesion in 26 patients (96.30% ); SBF was performed in 39 patients and 26 of small bowel lesion were detected (66. 67% ). CE had the highest diagnostic yield for CD and ileocolonoscopy had the lowest, and there were statistically significant difference among the 4 examinations (P = 0. 006 ). The combinded positive rates of two methods were: CE + CTE 92. 86% (13/14), SBFT + CTE 90. 91% (20/22), CE + ileocolonoscopy 95. 65% (22/23), CE + SBFT100% (17/17), ileocolonoscopy + CTE 89. 66% ( 26/29 ), ileocolonoscopy + SBFT 77.78% ( 28/36 ), but there were no significant differences between each two examinations. Conclusion CE, CTE have a higher yield in depicting mild to moderate finding of CD than SBFT. CE is better for assessing early mucosal disease,whereas CTE is better for detecting transmural and extraluminal abnormalities. Most important, CE plus CTE may depict nonobstructive CD of the small bowel when conventional techniques such as ileocolonoscopy or SBFF have negative or inconclusive finding. CE provides us explanations for the symptoms of patients, decision to follow up or therapy.

Objective To compare the single-shot fields irradiated by three focusing modes of γ-knife and explore the approaches for improving the quality of stereotactic radiosurgery.Methods GAFCHROMIC(R) EBT3 mode flushing-free film was used to measure the single-shot fields irradiated by multi-source static focusing modes,multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode and single-source double-axis rotating focusing mode of γ-knife.Also the uniformity and penumbra of the single-shot fields were compared.Results The 2D dose distribution of the single-shot fields irradiated by three focusing modes of γ-knife was different.In the axis (x,y,z),the rang of penumbra axial length ratios of multisource static focusing modes,multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode and single-source double-axis rotating focusing mode were 0.13-0.48,0.17-0.33 and 0.28-0.54,in the diagonal direction of the wings plane (NSD,PSD),were 0.31-0.39,0.38-0.43 and 0.54-0.72,respectively;the penumbra axial length ratio of single-source double-axis rotating focusing mode was bigger than in multi-source static focusing modes and multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode.On the no-wings plane,the area ratios of 80％ dose curve enveloped and 50％ dose curve enveloped(A80％/A50％)were 0.40,0.47 and 0.19,on the wings plane,were 0.61,0.53 and 0.35,respectively.The field uniformity of multi-source static focusing modes and multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode were superior to single-source doubleaxis rotating focusing mode.Conclusions Considering dose distribution of the single-shot fields,the multi-source static focusing modes devices and the multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode devices should be preferred,when important tissues and organs are adjacent to the target areas.Compared with single-source double-axis rotating focusing mode,both multi-source static focusing modes and multi-source single-axis rotating focusing mode could make more target areas to be surrounded by high dose region.

Objective To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods From March 2003 to January 2008, a total of 16 cases of AIP were reviewed retrospectively. Results The ratio of male: female was 15:1, with a mean age of 61 years old (range:47-79 years old). Jaundice was the main clinical presentation in 81.2% patients. 68.8% patients presented with high serum gammaglobulin, while 66.7% with high serum IgG, 56.2% with elevated ESR, 50.0% with positive rheumatoid factor(RF), 43.7% with eosinophilia, 26.7% with positive antinuclear antigen(ANA),31.2% with elevated lipase, 18.7% with elevated amylase, and 25.0% with elevated CA19-9. 93.7%patients showed diffuse swelling of the pancreas on CT and/or endoscopic ultrasound. Stricture of the main pancreatic duct was seen in 100% patients. Distal common bile duct stricture was seen in 87.5%, while thickened wall of bile duct was seen in 50%. Histological findings of the pancreas EUS-FNA showed nonspecific results in one patient, while no tumor cell was detected in other 5 patients; lymphocytes infiltration was noted in 3 patients; pancreatic fibrosis was seen in 2 patients. 75.0% patients was found to have diabetes or abnormal sugar tolerance, enlargement of the celiac lymph nodes in 43.7%, splenic vein or inferior cava vein involvement in 42.9%, swelling of the maxillary glands in 18.7%, the lacrimal glands in 12%. Prednisone was given to 11 patients, among them 5 patients underwent endoscopic stent placement, and 10 patients responded well while 1 patient discontinued therapy due to intolerance. 2 patients underwent endoscopic stent placement alone and jaundice disappeared. 3 patients received conventional medical treatment. Steroid therapy exerted different effects on levels of the blood glucose, the enlarged maxillary and lacrimal glands improved after steroid therapy. Conclusions AIP occurred in middle aged and senior male predominantly, painless obstructive jaundice was the main clinical presentation, and patients may be accompanied with elevated levels of IgG, hypergammaglobulin, positive RF and ANA, diffuse or focal pancreatic enlargement, pancreatic duct stricture and distal common bile duct stricture. Stent placement could improve the symptoms, and steroid therapy was effective.

Nutritional support therapy includes three main components:nutritional screening,nutritional assessment,and nutritional intervention.It is important to emphasize that nutritional screening and nutritional assessment are two different concepts and definitions,which are often confusing for many physicians,nurses,and dietitians.In this review,we present an overview on the main concepts about nutritional screening and nutritional assessment,highlight their features and complementarity,and discuss the future perspectives in the clinical practice.

Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has long been considered as a principal force for an organism to gain novel genes in genome evolution. Homology search, phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide composition analysis are three major objective approaches to arguably determine the occurrence and directionality of HGT. Here, 21 genes that possess the potential to horizontal transfer were acquired from the whole genome of Magnaporthe grisea according to annotation, among which three can-didate genes(corresponding protein accession numbers are EAA55123, EAA47200 and EAA52136)were selected for further analysis. According to BLAST homology results, we subsequently conducted phylogenetic analysis of the three candidate HGT genes. Moreover, nucleotide composition analysis was conducted to further validate these HGTs. In addition, the functions of the three candidate genes were searched in COG database. Consequently, we conclude that the gene encoding protein EAA55123 is transferred from Clostridium perfringens. Another HGT event is between EAA52136 and a certain metazoan's corresponding gene, but the direction remains uncertain. Yet, EAA47200 is not a transferred gene.

Objective :To compare therapeutic effect of propafenone and amiodarone on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and their safety .Methods : A total of 90 PSVT patients ,who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2013 to May 2018 ,were selected .Patients were randomly and equally divided into propafenone group and amio—darone group ,each group received corresponding medication based on routine treatment for 24h.Blood pressure , heart rate ,cardiac function indexes :LVEDV ,LVESV and LVEF before and after treatment ,cardioversion time , successful cardioversion rate within 60 min and incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were observed and compared between two groups .Results : There was no significant difference in successful cardioversion rate (propafenone group 91.11% vs.amiodarone group 93.33%, P＝1.000) between two groups .Compared with be—fore treatment ,on 24h after treatment ,there were significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate in two groups , P＝0. 001 all ;but there was no significant difference between two groups before and after treatment , P＞0.05 all.Cardioversion time of propafenone group was significantly shorter than that of amiodarone group [ (12. 66 ± 2.06) min vs .(22. 80 ± 2.28 ) min ] , P＝ 0. 001 .Compared with propafenone group on 24h after treatment , there was significant rise in LVEF [ (63. 24 ± 3.67)% vs.(66. 83 ± 4.01)%] ,significant reductions in LVEDV [ (96.65 ± 5.24) ml vs.(92. 09 ± 4.37) ml] and LVESV [ (38.40 ± 2.87) ml vs.(30. 13 ± 7.34) ml] in amioda—rone group , P＝ 0. 001 all.Total incidence rate of adverse reactions in amiodarone group was significantly lower than that of propafenone group (8.89% vs.24. 44%) , P＝0. 048. Conclusion : Propafenone and amiodarone possess significant therapeutic effect on PSVT .Propafenone possesses shorter cardioversion time ,while amiodarone posses— ses less adverse reactions and improve cardiac function .Therefore ,medication should be selected properly according to patient′s specific condition in clinic .

Objective To determine the utility of computed tomographic (CT) enteroclysis for characterization of the status of the anastomotic site in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who have previously undergone ileocolic resection. Methods Totally 31 CD patients who had previously undergone ileocolic resection were enrolled in the study. After having been orally administered with isosmotic mannitol, the patients received CT scanning including plain scan, arterial phase scan, and portal venous phase scan. The abnormal CT findings were analyzed based on portal venous phase images. CT enteroclysis findings in 31 patients were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Endoscopic findings, histopathologic findings, and/or the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) were used as the reference criteria. Associations between CT enteroclysis findings and anastomotic site status were assessed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT enteroclysis for the diagnosis of normal anastomosis versus anastomotic recurrence were estimated. Results Twenty-six cases and 5 cases were diagnosed as disease recurrence and normal anastomosis, respectively. In the disease recurrence group, 11 patients (42%) had lymphadenopathy (diameter＞ 1 cm) and 8 patients (31%) had peri-anastomotic fistulas, which were absent in normal anastomosis group, but the difference was not significant Anastomotic wall thickening more than 6 mm, marked mucosal enhancement, stratification, and peri-anastomotic stranding were found in 16 (62%), 19 (73%), 14 (54%), and 20 (77%) cases, respectively, in disease recurrence group, which were absent in normal anastomosis group ( all P ＜ 0.05 ). When the diagnosis of anastomotic recurrence was based on more than two of the following six variables, including lymphadenopathy, peri-anastomotic fistulas, anastomotic wall thickening more than 6 mm, marked mucosal enhancement, stratification, and peri-anastomotic stranding, its sensitivity, specificity, postive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy yielded 88%, 100%, 100%, 63%, and 90%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of anostomotic stenosis with CT was only 53%. Conclusion CT enteroclysis yields objective and relatively specific morphologic criteria that help differentiate between recurrent disease and normal at the anastomotic site after ileocolic resection for CD.

The construction of DRGs management information system proves conducive to hospital medical quality management .In order to better understand the status of the hospital′s DRGs, further improve the quality of medical care , and embrace the DRGs reform in medical insurance , the hospital built the DRGs management information system in 2015 , and integrated it with the electronic medical record management system, and the medical record management system .The system consists of such modules as inpatient medical service evaluation , disease surveillance , case analysis , and real-time dynamic monitoring , applied to homepage evaluation and performance management at both hospital and department levels .Such a system can provide practical data for decision support of clinicians , and enable decision makers , thus improving fine management of medical care in the full course .