BACKGROUND: The dynamic characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) include a decrease in the chaotic dimension, the correlation dimen sion, the Lyapunov exponent, the chaotic complexity, the freedom of EEG and an enhanced synchronization and periodicity of the EEG from several minutes to tens of minutes before epileptic seizures. All these characteristics prefigure the forthcoming seizures. Some studies have proven that the non linear dynamical system can be used as a feasible approach to explore the potential variables for describing the chaos portrait of EEG. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the electric characteristics of EEG signal in the epileptic seizures in rat model by investigating the nonlinear dynamical variables, such as the approximate entropy (ApEn) and correlation dimen sion. DESIGN: Observational and experimental study based on animals. SETTING: Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Gastroen terology, Second Artilleryman General Hospital of Chinese PLA; Department of Physics, Faulty of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical Uni versity of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: From September 2001 to January 2002, this study was conducted at the Complexity Laboratory of the Biomedical Department of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Six male SD rats,weighing 150- 200 g, were selected.INTERVENTIONS: After intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (0. 5 mL), the male SD rats were deeply anesthetized. When their EEG signal became stable, bemegride injection was diluted at 1:1 with saline and was given on a volume of 0.5 mL to the rats intraperitoneally. After a while,the epileptic seizures started marked by a spasm with a deep roar. The entire epileptic seizures were recorded. According to the shape of EEG waves and the corresponding symptoms of the rats during their seizures, data of the four phases, referring to normal condition, preictal phase, ictal phase and postictal phases of epileptic seizures, were selected for nonlinear analysis. The variations of the ApEn and the correlation dimension were calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the four phases of the seizures, before seizures, preictal phase, ictal phase and postictal phases, the changes in the ApEn and correlation dimension were observed.RESULTS: All the 6 rats entered the statistical procedure. During epilepsy, the ApEn and correlation dimension of the EEG signal in ictal phases (0. 447 ±0. 126, 2. 166 ±0. 377) decreased significantly while those in preictal phases(0. 807 ±0. 182, 4. 773 ±0. 319) and postictal phases (1. 241 ±0. 125, 6. 042 ±0. 373) (t = -3. 984to 17. 902, P ＜0. 01). The ApEn and the correlation dimension of the EEG signal in preictal and ictal phases had significant difference with those observed under normal conditions (1.313 ± 0. 090, 6. 405 ± 0. 694) (t = -5. 228 to 12. 740, P ＜ 0. 01 ).CONCLUSION: The changes in ApEn and correlation dimension showed by nonlinear dynamical approach in this study reflect the characteristics of EEG signals in preictal time, ictal time and postictal timeof the epileptic seizures and the differences among them. Additionally, they also reveal the laws in the changes of the complex ictal EEG signal.

The uptake and retention of ~3H-HPD in.human malignant cells(cell line MGC 80-3,SGC-7901,BEL-7402,Os-732,Detroit-6 and HeLa)and normal fibroblasts were studied by liquid scintillation counting method.The order of cell lines which took up ~3H-HPD after 30 min.incubation were fibroblasts,HeLa, BEL-7402,Detroit-6,SGC-7901,MGC 80-3 and Os-732 respectively according to the amount of ~3H-HPD in cells.Due to the variety in the amount of excretion, however,those cells which retained ~3H-HPD after 24 hours cultivation were Os-732, Detroit-6, BEL-7402,HeLa,SGC-7901,MGC 80-3 and fibroblasts respectively in respect to the ~3H-HPD level in cells.The uptake was reduced by raising extracel- lular pH and lowering temperature as well as adding higher concentration of serum. Our results showed that the ~3H-HPD content in malignant ceils was higher than those in normal ones and it was because that malignant cells retained ~3H-HPD longer other than took up more

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on motor behaviors, the axonal integrity and nerve bundle of motor cortex and striatum in rat model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham opera-tion group (sham group), ischemia control group (model group) and electroacupuncture treatment group (EA group) with twelve rats in each group. The later two groups were occluded their middle cerebral arteries for two hours. Twenty-four hours after modeling, EA group re-ceived electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on the paralyzed limb, once a day, for 14 days. They were assessed with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and Rota-rod test, and scanned with small animal magnetic resonance imaging system for T2-weighted image (T2WI) and DTI, the infarct size, related fractional anisotropy (rFA) and related number of tracks of motor cortex and striatum were recorded. Results Compared with the sham group, the score of mNSS increased in the model group and EA group after model-ing, and was lower in EA group than in the model group seven days and 14 days after intervention (P<0.05). Rota-rod test showed that the retention time was significantly longer in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). T2WI showed that the infarct size was smaller in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05). DTI showed that rFA in motor cortex and striatum was higher in EA group than in the model group (P<0.05), as well as the related number of tracks (P<0.05) in motor cortex. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Quchi and Zusanli acupoints could improve the motor function in rats with ischemic stroke, which may be related to the recovery of nerve bundle of motor cortex and stri-atum in ischemic side.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Shenting (GV24) on learning-memory function and ultrastructure in hippocampal CA1 region of rats after cerebral ischmeia-reperfusion. Methods A total of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6) and operation group (n=19). The operation group was occluded the left middle cerebral arter-ies with modified Longa's methods for 90 minutes and reperfused, and twelve qualified rats of them were randomly divided into model group (n=6) and electroacupuncture group (n=6), the later accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for seven days. They were as-sessed with Longa's scores, and tested with Barnes maze. Their cerebral infarct volume was tested with magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted image. The ultrastructure of synapse in hippocampal CA1 region was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with the model group, the Longa's score improved (P<0.05), the infarct volume decreased (P<0.01), the average escape latency decreased (P<0.01) and the times entering the wrong hole decreased (P<0.001) in the electroacupuncture group. Under the transmission elec-tron microscope, the number of synapse decreased in the model group, with the structure damage and vesicles sparse;compared with the model group, the number of synapse increased in the electroacupuncture group, with clear and complete structure and rich vesicles. Conclu-sion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve the learning-memory function in rats after cerebral ischmeia-reperfusion, which may relate to improvement of synaptic plasticity and ameliorating ultrastructure in hippocampal CA1 region.

The aim of this study was to develop a new method of epileptic prediction using nonlinear dynamic theory. When rat was falling sickness, its EEG was researched by using approximate entropy and correlation dimension. The results showed the approximate entropy and correlation dimension during epileptic seizure are obviously lower than those before seizure and after seizure. The span of time before seizure is a special phase. Before the seizure symptom appeared, the complexity of EEG had begun declining. Thus, the outbreak of epilepsy could be predicted in short time using nonlinear dynamic methods.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Heweishupiyin decoction in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in elderly patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.Methods:A randomized controlled method was performed in this study, and 70 FD patients were selected from February 2018 to June 2019 in accordance with the inclusion criteria.The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random digital table method, with 35 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Heweishupiyin decoction, the control group was given mosapride citrate tablets.The period of treatment was 4 weeks.The changes of total symptom scores, TCM syndrome evaluation, electrogastrogram (EGG) parameters, serum serotonin, and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores before and after treatment were recorded.The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Heweishupiyin decoction.Results:After treatment, the overall symptom scores in both two groups were decreased.The overall symptom score of the observation group after treatment[(8.03±4.23)points] was lower than that of the control group[(10.36±4.67)points], and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.145, P<0.05). The overall efficacy of TCM symptoms of the observation group was 88.2% (30/35), which was significantly higher than 72.8% (24/35) of the control group ( Z=-2.473, P<0.05). After treatment, the EGG parameters of two groups had different degrees of increase, the main frequency of the observation group after meal[(3.39±0.34)cpm] was higher than that of the control group[(3.18±0.36)cpm], the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.202, P<0.05). The percentage of normal slow wave in the observation group[(68.91±4.79)%] was higher than that in the control group[(66.33±3.00)%], and the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.549, P<0.05). The reaction area of the observation group[(99.09±13.58)μV/s] was higher than that of the control group[(90.27±14.70)μV/s], and the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.390, P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the HAMD score of the observation group[(14.94±2.42)points] was lower than that of the control group[(16.94±4.29)points], and the difference was statistically significant( t=2.355, P<0.05). The serum level of serotonin after treatment in the observation group[(110.46±16.69)μmol/L] was higher than that in the control group[(99.04±19.86)μmol/L], the difference was statistically significant( t=-2.551, P<0.05). Conclusion:Heweishupiyin decoction is superior to mosapride citrate tablets in improving the overall symptomatic efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy of FD patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.Heweishupiyin not only can improve the depression state of FD in the elderly, but also has the effect of improving the gastric electrical rhythm disorder, which may be related to the regulation of serum serotonin levels.

Objective To investigate the incidence,etiology,clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) children with acute kidney injury (AKI).Method Retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological manifestations and follow-up results of 19 Chlidren,who were associated with AKI in 196 cases of children with IgA nephropathy treated in our department from January,1996 to Jun,2012 was performed.Result (1) The 19 cases associated with AKI accounted for 9.7％ of all 196 Chlidren with IgAN.Within the 19 cases,there were gross hematuria in 17 cases,massive proteinuria in 16 cases,hypoalbuminemia in 10 cases,edema in 10 cases and hypertension in one case.The peak serum creatinine was from 94.5 μmol/ L to 282 μmol/L.(2) Histological changes:with the formation of crescent in 10 cases,diffuse endocapillary proliferation in 5 cases,15 cases had renal tubular injury,10 cases had red blood cell and protein cast,1 case with acute interstitial nephritis.(3) The cause of IgA nephropathy with AKI:13 patients had severe glomerular damage,including crescentic glomerulonephritis and diffuse endocapillary proliferation;1 case was complicated with acute interstitial nephritis after being treated with antibiotics,2 patients had decreased glomerular filtration rate because of taking benazepril or oral indomethacin,1 case with renal tubular injury induced by gross hematuria,and the other two cases the reason was not clear.(4) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that massive proteinuria was independent risk factor of IgAN in children with AKI (OR =27.370,95％ confidence interval was 3.151-237.740,P ＜ 0.01).(5) None of the patients were on dialysis,steroid therapy was used in 13 cases (including 7 cases of methylprednisolone pulse therapy),6 cases were treated with combined cyclophosphamide treatment.Except 1 cases no significant improvement,the renal functiones of all patients recovered or improved within 1-2 months after treatment.Follow-up period was from 1 month to 7 years,3 cases had renal function improved,but 2 cases were lost to follow-up for 3 years and then entered the chronic renal failure,1 case had renal function loss after 32 months and repeated renal biopsy showed glomerular sclerosis of 32％ during the follow-up period.Conclusion In children with IgAN,AKI accounted for about 10％,except glomerular severe lesion,the onset of AKI is also relevant to clinical medication and repeated gross hematuria,and the heavy proteinuria is an independent risk factor.Based on clinical observation,the short-term prognosis of IgAN children with AKI is optimistic.

In order to further research into the EEG information of rats epileptic model, we applied different nonlinear dynamic methods. After having analyzed the EEG signal of rat falling sickness by means of approximate entropy and correlation dimension, we adopted a the new method, unstable periodic orbits, which was used to analyze complex activity of neurons system to look for the change regularity of change in the EEG signal in the whole course of rat's falling sickness. We found period 1 orbits and period 2 orbits to be statistically significant in the data of ictal time of epilepsy. At the same time, we found period 1 orbits to be statistically significant in the data of preictal time of epilepsy.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; physiopathology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Rats ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) on brain functional activity and working memory of rats with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Methods Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were included, in which twelve rats were ligated bilateral common carotid arteries and six rats were not ligated (sham group). The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group (n = 6) and electroacupuncture group (n = 6). The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for four weeks. They were assessed with Y maze and Morris water maze before and after intervention, and scaned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging after intervention to calculate regional homogeneity (ReHo). Results Compared with the sham group, alternation rate of Y maze decreased (P < 0.001), and escape latency of Morris water maze increased (P < 0.05) in the model group and the electroacupuncture group before intervention. Compared with the model group, alternation rate of Y maze increased (P < 0.05), and escape latency of Morris water maze decreased (P < 0.05) after intervention in the electroacupuncture group. Compared with the sham group, ReHo of bilateral hippocampus, olfactory cortex, sensory cortex and auditory cortex, and left striatum decreased in the model group; compared with the model group, ReHo of bilateral prefrontal lobe, hippocampus and olfactory cortex, and left amygdala increased in the electroacupuncture group. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve the memory function of VCI rats, which may be related to the functional activities of prefrontal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala.