Object: To observe the dynamic changes of dopamine (DA) in the striaturn with the process of duplicating cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (CIR) model on rats. And observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on such changes. Methods: Using microdialysis sampling, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detecting technology, dynamic sampling from experimental animals at multiple moments to observe the changes of dopamine in striatum with ischemia. And observe the effect of EA at Fengchi (GB 20) on such changes. Result: About the extracellular level of DA in normal group, sham-operation group and sham-operation + EA group, no significant changes were observed during the measuring period. The extracellular level of DA peaked at 15-45 min after MCAO and 0-30 rain (P<0.05) after reperfusion. A rising trend was also observed following 120 min after reperfusion. After EA, the extracellular level of DA was significant lower than ischemia group following 90 min after reperfusion (P<0.05). And there was no peak again. Conclusion: EA at Fenchi (GB 20) can regulate the disorder of DA. EA can improve the integrity neurological function. This may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture treating the lesion of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Objective　To explore the relationship between hemolymph phenol oxidase and the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus. Methods　An Anopheles dirus-Plasmodium yoelii system was used Anopheles dirus were divided into 3 groups, that is, non-blood-fedding (N), normal-blood-fedding (B) and infected-blood-fedding (I). The activities of MPO and o-DPO in hemolymph from 3 groups were determined with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and density scanning at 5, 7, 11 and 15 d after blood feeding. Results　Both MPO and o-DPO activity were significantly higher in group I than group N and B (P<0.05). But with the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts, both MPO and o-DPO activity in group I were decreased in comparison with group N, especially on the 15 th day after infected-blood feeding. MPO and o-DPO activity in group B were significantly stronger than those of group N. Conclusion　Blood feeding and infection of Plasmodium yoelii both can activate the cascade. The heamolymph phenol oxidase may play an important role in the melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts in Anopheles dirus.

Objective To construct cDNA library from adults of Anopheles dirus for cloning the immune genes or related genes for malaria parasites development. Methods The mRNA of adult Anopheles dirus was isolated. The library was constructed by using the Zap Express vector(Stratagene) and the quality was evaluated. Results The efficiency of the library was 2.1?10 6 pfu/ml with 98% clones positive. The average length of the insert fragment was over 1 kb. Conclusion cDNA library of adult Anopheles dirus with high efficiency can be constructed by using the Zap Express library construction Kit (Stratagene).

Objective To study the change of intracellular free Ca2+ in the oocyst when it melanized and to find out the relationship between the melanized oocyst and its intracellular level of free Ca2+ in a Plasmodium-refractory strain of Anopheles dirus. Methods The distribution and experimental condition of the intracellular free Ca2+ in oocyst of Plasmodium yoelii was measured with Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-3/AM and Plutonic F-127 under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) at different time. Results The best load condition was that the oocysts were incubated in 3 ?mol/ml Fluo-3/AM adding 1 ?l/ml 25% Pluronic F-127 for 60 min at 37 ℃ . Fluorescent imaging of oocysts was affected by an increase or decrease of the concentration of Fluo-3/Am and incubation time. The distribution of intracellular free Ca2+ was heterogeneous in the oocysts. The mean value of Ca2 + in the mature oocysts was (137.15 ?7.02) nmol/L(X?S) but was (18.44? 1.75) nmol/L in melanized oocysts with Ca2+ sedimentation in the wall of oocyst. Conclusion The results suggest that the level of the intracellular free Ca2+ in oocyst decreased and excreted during its melanization in a Plasmodium-reiractory anopheline mosquito species.

Objective To preliminarily reveal the neurovascular effect of electroacupuncture and adrenomedullin (ADM) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Rat changes after middle cerebral artery ischemia and reperfusion, and the effect of electroacupuncture and ADM on them were investigated using the neurological deficit score, somatosensory evoked potentials and TTC staining technique.Results Electroacupuncture and ADM can significantly improve the neurological deficit score after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two (P>0.05). The P1-N1 and N1-P2 peak values of somatosensory evoked potentials decreased significantly at 30 min after ischemia (P<0.05), recovered somewhat at 60 minutes and decreased significantly again during reperfusion (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture or ADM during reperfusion could significantly improved somatosensory evoked potentials at the end of experiment (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture and ADM could significantly reduce the size of cerebral ischemia-induced infarct (P<0.05), but there was no significant differencebetween the two (P>0.05).Conclusions Electroacupuncture can reduce neurological impairment and improve brain blood supply after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. That is similar to the neurovascular effect of ADM.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and its effect on trapezius tension.Methods Seventy-eight patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 39 cases each. The treatment group received pricking-cupping bloodletting and the control group, conventional acupuncture plus cupping. The nerve function was scored, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was recorded and trapezius tension was measured in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the nerve function score, the VAS score and trapezius tension in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the VAS score and trapezius tension between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 94.9% in the treatment group and 89.7% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in theclinical therapeutic effect between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Yang’s pricking-cupping bloodletting can effectively improve pain symptoms and trapezius tension in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective:To investigate the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to provide a scientific basis for future experimental research and clinical applications. Methods:Forty male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group,a normal with EA group,a model group,and a model with EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The normal group received no intervention.The normal with EA group received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).The model group underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the suture.The model with EA group underwent MCAO and received EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20).Cerebral blood flow was monitored using a laser Doppler cerebral blood flow meter.Neurologic damage was assessed using the neurologic deficit score,and motor ability was observed using the CatWalk gait system.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and neuronal nuclei(NeuN)protein,the neuron markers,was detected by Western blotting.The protein expression levels of GFAP and NeuN,as well as the number of positive cells in the motor cortex,were detected using immunofluorescence. Results:Compared to the normal group,the cerebral blood flow values in the model group and the model with EA group decreased by more than 50%during the modeling process(P<0.01)and returned to pre-modeling levels after reperfusion(P>0.05).The neurologic deficit score increased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity decreased(P<0.05),GFAP protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.05),and the NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells decreased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared to the model group,the neurologic deficit score decreased(P<0.05),the average motor velocity accelerated(P<0.05),GFAP and NeuN protein expression and the number of positive cells in the motor cortex increased(P<0.01)in the model with EA group. Conclusion:EA at bilateral Fengchi(GB20)can reduce neuronal loss and increase GFAP and NeuN protein expression in the motor cortex of rats after ischemia-reperfusion,improve the motor function after ischemic stroke,and accelerate the recovery of balance and stability of the affected limbs.

As a component of traditional Chinese medical therapies, the therapeutic effects of acupuncture for some nervous system diseases have been proven by a large number of clinical and experimental studies. But, the electrophysiological techniques of the commonly used EEG and evoked potentials are still not sufficient to reveal the functional mechanism of acupuncture therapy. The recording technique of microelectrode array (MEA), a kind of electrophysiological technique originated from the overseas biological electrical signal monitoring technique, can be used to record multiple electrical signals of the nervous cells in vivo or in vitro, and maintain the accuracy and stability of the recorded information at the same time, which greatly enriches the means of electrophysiological study. This technique has been already applied in the basic study and clinical treatment abroad, but it is very seldom used in the study of acupuncture field. In order to guide the application of MEA in the research field of acupuncture science, a general survey about the application of MEA technique in vivo was done, and the present situation and prospects of the application of the technique in acupuncture science was briefly analyzed.

Objective:To investigate the dynamic changes of glycine (Gly) and taurine (Tau) in corpus striatum of rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI),and the regulation effect of electroacupuncture on them.Methods:Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,and treatment group.Rats in the sham surgery group were operated without ischemia.Rats in the model group and treatment group were operated to make model of cerebral IRI.The ischemia status lasts 1.5 h,and reperfusion was performed for 3.75 h.Rats in the treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20).Neurologic deficit score (NDS) was used to evaluate the rats functions.Microdialysis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique were used to detect the changes of Gly and Tau in corpus striatum of rats.Results:Contents of Gly and Tau increased at 1.5 h after ischemia.Them decreased to level as same as those rats in the sham surgery group after reperfusion.The content of Gly in the model and treatment group increased again at 2-2.5 h after reperfusion,and then decreased to the same level of the sham surgery group.There was a third increase of Gly content in the treatment group at 2.75 h after reperfusion.Electroacupuncture treatment could delay the decrease of Tau content after reperfusion,and make it increase at 1.5,2 and 2.75 h after reperfusion.The peak appeared in the last time.NDS in the model and treatment group were more than that in the sham surgery group,and lowered at 5.25 h after surgery.Effects in treatment group was better than that in the model group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:IRI makes contents of Gly and Tau in corpus striatum increase at a special time.Electroacupuncture treatment could increase contents of Gly and Tau at a special time after reperfusion,which maybe an important mechanism of protecting effects of electroacupuncture on the brain.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on ischemic stroke by recording the therapeutic effect score and performing transcranial Doppler (TCD) detection in electroacupuncture-treated convalescent stroke patients before and after treatment.Methods Sixty convalescent patients with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The control group received routine medication and the treatment group, electroacupuncture in addition. In the two groups, pre- and post-treatment neurological defect scores were recorded and the clinical therapeutic effects were observed after four weeks of treatment. Pre- and post-treatment middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsation indices (RI), resistance indices (RI) and ratios of systolic to end-diastolic (S/D) blood flow velocity detected by TCD were compared between the two groups. Results The total efficacy rate was 80.0% in the treatment group and 50.0% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the MESSS score in the two groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the MESSS score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in TCD indices (PI, RI and S/D) on the affected side in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in TCD indices on the affected side between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Electro- acupuncture can promote rehabilitation in convalescent stroke patients.