In vitro proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) is performed on the basis ofthe simulation of in vitro blood system by adding growth factors and promoting components. Several protocols for expansion of HSCs in vitro are currently in development. In recent years, with the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating HSCs maintenance and expansion, tremendous progress has been made in this field. In this paper, research progress in the study of the factors determining the in vitro HSCs proliferation is reviewed.

Objective:To investigate Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression in acute myelogenous Leukemia and the relationship between Bcl-2/Bax ratio and drug resistance.Method:Expression of Bcl-2、Bax was detected by immunohistochemical method while drug resistance of AML was detected by cell culture and MTT assay.Results:A high expression of Bcl-2 and a low expression of Bax were detected in AML,respectively,and the ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly higher than that in normal control (P＜0.01). The ratio in those who are resistant to chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in those sensitive to chemotherapy (P＜0.05).The responsiveness to chemotherapy of those with a high ratio was poorer than thos with a low ratio (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The alteration of Bcl-2 and Bax played certain role in the development of drug resistance in AML,the test of Bcl-2/Bax ratio may have great significance in choice of chemotherapeutic agents and also provide important information for outcome prediction.

Aim To investigate the vasodilatory effect of Ferulic acid on in vitro rat coronary artery and its possible mechanism. Methods By using the mi-crovessel tension recorder system, the vasodilatory effect of FA on resting and contractin-vitro rat coronary artery was determined;the influence of endothelial in-tegrity to FA-induced vasorelaxation was observed; the relationship of FA on [ Ca2+] ex-influx-induced and [ Ca2+] in-efflux-induced contractions was discussed;the mechanism of vasodilatory effect of FA was ex-plored by applying the inhibitors of KCa(TEA),KATP channel ( Gli ) , KIR channel ( BaCl2 ) , KV ( 4-AP ) , NOS( L-NAME) and COX( Indo) . Results FA had no effect on the resting tension of in vitro rat coronary artery. FA dilated the in-vitro rat coronary artery pre-treated with KCl ( 60 mmol · L-1 ) , U46619 ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) and PE ( 10μmol · L-1 ) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( P < 0. 05 ) . FA inhibited the [ Ca2+] ex-influx-induced and [ Ca2+] in-efflux-in-duced contractions significantly ( P <0. 05 ) . 4-AP ( 1 mmol· L-1 ) restrained the diastolic function of FA, while TEA, Gli, BaCl2、L-NAME, Indo had no obvious effect ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusion The diastolic func-tion could be related to the activation of KV channel on vascular smooth muscle cells, the free Ca2+ from Sar-coplasmic reticulum cells and blockade extracellular Calcium channel do not depend on KCa, KATP, KIR channel, nor the endothelial function.

Objective To study the methods and results of endovascular treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. Methods Twenty-one patients with PICA aneurysms were treated with endovascular treatment. The locations of aneurysm on PICA were evaluated through the DSA. Eight patients received single coil embolization, 5 received liquid Glue embolization, 2 received coil embolization combined with liquid Glue, 2 received coil embolization assisted with stents, and 4 underwent ocelasion of the parent PICA. Outcome was evaluated with the Glasgow outcome scale (COS). Results There were complete (100%) occlusion in 5 patients, near complete (>90% ) occlusion in 2, and incomplete (85%) occlusion in 1 in single coil embolization. Seven patients with Glue embolization (n = 5 ) or combination with coils ( n = 2 ) exhibited complete ( 100% ) occlusion. There were near complete ( >90% ) occlusion in 2 cases with coil assisted with stents. Complete occlusion of the parent PICA was achieved in 3 patients, and near complete occlusion of PICA in one case. One patient suffered from new neurological deficits, and one patient treated with coils and stents died. None of the patients suffered from re-bleeding. These patients received follow-up during a mean period of (22±8) months. Overall long-term outcome was good ( GOS score 4 or 5 ) in 17 patients, poor ( COS score 2 or 3) in 3, and fatal ( GOS score 1 ) in one case. Conclusions According to the location of aneurysms on PICA, aneurysms can be effectively and safely treated with endovaecular embolization.

Objective To study the effect of electrical stimulation breath training on lung function of patients following pulmonary lobectomy. Methods 62 patients following pulmonary lobectomy were randomly allocated into experimental group (n=30 )and control group (n=32). The experimental group received a 4-week supervised electrical stimulation breath training program using an electric stimulus feedback trainer (20mins per time, 3 times per week);The control group received postoperative routine nursing. Cadiopulmonary function evaluation of 2 groups were tested before and after the experiment. The evaluation included the 6-min walking test (6MWD), FVC, FEV1,W,AT and VO2max/kg. Results After 4 week training, the value of 6MWD,W,FVC,FEV1 all improved, compared to the baseline value (P < 0.05) and the value of 6MWD,W,FVC,FEV1 were more obvious in experimental group, compared to control group(P<0.05). The AT value and the VO2max/kg value increased than the baseline value (P<0.05)and the improvement degree was more remarkable in experimental group than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electrical stimulation breath training can improve cardiopulmonary function of the patients following pulmonary lobectomy.

Objective To analyze primary diseases and risk factors of chronic cough in children,and develop clinical thinking for the doctor,looking for the orderly diagnosis method.Methods The clinical data of 123 children with chronic cough(medical history,physical examination,routine chest X-ray,PPD test,mycoplasma,Chlamydia antibody,antibody of respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus IgM determination of IgM determination,Coxsackie virus IgM determination,when necessary,be lung CT,CT of paranasal sinuses,gastrointestinal barium meal,bronchiectasis agent diagnostic treatment and surgery consultation) were retrospectively analyzed.The cause of chronic cough in children with primary disease and related factors were analyzed.Results 123 cases of chronic cough in children's primary diseases were asthma-related cough in 57 cases (46.3 %),upper airway cough syndrome (rhinitis,allergic rhinitis,sinusitis) in 41 cases (33.3 %),chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis,bronchitis in 27 cases (22.0%) ; the main etiology for Mycoplasma Chlamydia(48.8%,60 cases adenovirus),19 cases(15.4%),12 cases of respiratory syncytial virus (9.8%).Conclusion The main primary disease cough,asthma associated upper airway cough syndrome,chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis,bronchitis,chronic cough in children,the main pathogen Chlamydia,Mycoplasma-for adenovirus,respiratory syncytial virus infection,diagnosis should be based on detailed,comprehensive medical history and physical examination,from simple to complex,according to from low to high,from conventional to special,from noninvasive to invasive principles are examined.

Objective:To observe the effect of Shuxuetong Injection on unstable angina pectoris in diabetic pa- tients after coronary stent implantation.Method:40 diabetic patients after coronary stent implantation were randomly divid- ed into two groups.The patients in the two groups were treated with basic drugs.17 patients in the controlled group were venously treated with Danshen injection 6 milliliters dissolved in 250 milliliters 0.9% sodium chloride injection once daily. 23 patients in the treatment group were venously treated with Shuxuetong injection 6 milliliters dissolved in 250 milliliters 0.9% sodium chloride injection once a day.The treatment course was fifteen days in both groups.The clinical effect and the frequency of angina attack were observed in both groups.The concentrations of plasma fibrinogen(FBG)and serum C- reactive protein(CRP)were measured before and after the treatment.Result:Compared with those of the controlled group, the frequency of angina attack and the indication of myocardial ischema in electrocardiogram greatly improved(P

AIM:To explore the mechanisms underlying contraction induced by extracelluar acidosis (pHex6.8) in rat isolated coronary artery (RCA).METHODS:Using the microvessel tension recorder system, the effects of acid-base transporters on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the selective pharmacological inhibitors of Na+-H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and Na+-HCO-3 cotransporter (NBC), HOE-642 and S0859, respectively.The effects of chloride channel on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the inhibitors of chloride channel (NPPB and NFA), and by replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr.RESULTS:pHex6.8 augmented the resting tension of RCA, and the maximum contraction was (3.90±0.95) mN.HOE-642 at 30 μmol/L and S0859 at 100 μmol/L both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01).NPPB and NFA both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 or KCl (60 mmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.NPPB and NFA (100 μmol/L) both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by U46619 (1 μmol/L).Replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr almost completely inhibited RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01), but had no obvious effect on the contraction induced by KCl (60 mmol/L) or U46619 (1 μmol/L).CONCLUSION:Extracellular acidosis-induced contraction in RCA may be related to the activated NHE-1 and NBC, and it may be also related to the enhanced chloride transport across the membrane.

AIM: To study the survival, transfer and distribution of bone marrow CD34+/CD45+ cells from transgenic GFP mouse after transplanted into the completed transversional spinal cord rat model. METHODS: The bone marrow cells isolated from transgenic GFP mice were cultured in vitro. The cultured cells were identified by anti-CD34 and anti-CD45 monoclonal antibodies, and were transferred into the end of transection spinal cord. Paraformaldehyde was infused into the left ventricle of the rat model at the 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after cell transplantation. Through sank and frozen, the spinal cord was sectioned at 10 ?m thickness. The green fluorescence positive cells were observed under the fluorescence microscope. CD34+/CD45+ cells were identified by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: Green fluorescence positive cells were found at the head and the end of the completed transection part of spinal cord. Most of the green fluorescence positive cells were distributed in the gray substance of spinal cord. CD34+/CD45+ cells were found by immunohistochemistry staining. CONCLUSION: CD34+/CD45+ cells survived in spinal cord of SD rat, and migrated to the head of the transection part. The distance of migration was extended by the time.

Objective To explore the effect of pravastatin on carotid atherosclerosis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicating hypertension.Methods One hundred and six patients.with T2DM complicating hypertension treated in this hospital from April 2015 to April 2016 were selected and divided into the conventional treatment group (n=52) and pravastatin group (n=54).The patients of conventional treatment group were given the conventional therapy of diet control,reducing blood glucose,controlling hypertension,symptomatic and support treatment,while on the basis of conventional therapy the patients of pravastatin group were added with pravastatin.The carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT),detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and carotid plaque score were measured by ultrasound before and after the treatment in all cases.Meanwhile the levels of serum lipid and hyper sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined.Results The above indicators in the conventional treatment group had no statistically significant difference between before and after treatment (P＞0.05),but the IMT value,detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and carotid plaque score after treatment in the pravastatin group were decreased compared with before treatment,the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and hs-CRP were also significantly reduced compared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05),moreover the above indicators after treatment in the pravastatin group were remarkably lower than those in the conventional treatment group (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Pravastatin can effectively and safely improve the carotid atherosclerosis degree in the patients with T2DM complicating hypertension.