Indoor noise comes from the emission of outdoor noise and indoor sources of noise. The adverse effects of indoor noise on human health include noise-induced hearing loss, interference with communication, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular effects, annoyance responses, performance reduction and so on. To reduce indoor noise and protect the public health, actions such as monitoring, assessment, developing criteria and noise control techniques, should be taken.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of frequency difference and intensity difference on mismatch negativity (MMN) change in normal persons. Emphatically to observe the effect on the latency and amplitude of normal people's MMN, as well as the threshold of the acoustic difference which may induce the MMN. METHODS Twenty-four adults were included in this study. Their thresholds of pure tone audiometry were within 20dBHL. The MMN were measured by using the Smart EP ( ear potentiometer provided by the company of Intelligent Hearing) and the rule of the change by the difference of frequency and intensity to the latency and amplitude of normal people’s MMN were studied. RESULTS Along with the decreasing of the difference of the frequency, the MMN latency prolonged gradually. The amplitude of the MMN decreased gradually as the decreasing of the intensity difference. CONCLUSION A stable MMN graph is an important indicator of objective physiological test with hearing distinguish.

Objectives: To observe the roles of nuclear factor ?B(NF ?B) in corticosterone injured hippocampal neurons. Methods:Two groups of primary hippocampal neurons were cultured for 8～10 days. One group was treated with 1?10 -5 mol/L corticosterone. The total cellular nuclear protein levels were extracted at 0.5,1,2 and 4 hours, respectively. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect the expression of NF ?B activation. Another group was treated with ?B decoy DNA(25 ?mol/L) to inhibit the activity of NF ?B for 2 hours before 1?10 -5 mol/L corticosterone was intervened. MTT was used to observe the effects of corticosterone induced neurons injury after 6,12,24 and 48 hours. Results:The activity of NF ?B became significantly lower than that in the control group after corticosterone acted on neurons for 1 hour. As time went on, its effects became more conspicuously. The injury of hippocampal neurons aggravated when the activity of NF ?B was inhibited by ?B decoy DNA. Conclusions: NF ?B plays a protective role in corticosterone induced hippocampal neuron injury.

Objective To study the relationship of age and high risk behaviors (HRBs) related to HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods One thousand one hundred and nine anonymous questionnaires were collected from MSM in 1999. Univariate analyses were applied to clarify the relation of the age and HRBs. Results The numbers of accumulative partners and oral intercourse behavior were higher in 35 ~ 44 age group (P

The present paper is a research on independent component analysis (ICA) method in the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) extraction. Based on the fundamental model for the ICA and the fixed-point FastICA algorithm using negentropy, damped Newton iteration was used in place of Newton iteration. The algorithm was improved in order to overcome the drawbacks where it is more sensitive to choosing the initial value. The improved algorithm was used to extract the FECG. A synthetic ECG was used in the experiments, and three simulation signal sources were selected, including two sources of ECG and one Gaussian noise source. The experimental results were satisfactory, The convergence rate was faster and the error was smaller.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) combined with gastroesophageal variceal embolization (SEVE) in the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal varices accompanied by a gastrorenal shunt with a diameter over 5 mm .Methods From October 2013 to December 2014 ,the clinical data of 18 patients with portal hypertension caused gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and treated by TIPS combined with SEVE were collected . The difference of portosystemic pressure gradient between before and after operation was observed ,and Child‐Pugh score before and after operation was also evaluated .The hemostasis in 24 hours ,TIPS patency ,the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) ,rebleeding ,hepatic failure ,mortality and the change of liver function and thrombocytopenia were recorded after operation .Student′s t‐test or analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis of measurement data .Results In the 18 patients ,the average portal vein pressure decreased from (34 .23 ± 6 .35) cmH2O (1 cmH2O= 0 .098 kPa) before operation to (25 .69 ± 6 .89) cmH2O after TIPS combined with SEVE ,and the difference was statistically significant (t=7 .572 , P<0 .01) .The difference of portal vein pressure before and after operation was (8 .54 ± 4 .79) cmH2O . No hepatic failure was observed in all 18 patients .Among 10 patients with emergency operation ,nine patients obtained successful hemostasis in 24 hours .No operation related complications were observed in all the patients .During the follow‐up period of 18 patients ,two patients had variceal rebleeding confirmed by endoscopy ;one patient had stent stenosis;three patients got HE and one patient died .At different follow‐up time point of patients ,there was no significant difference in Child‐Pugh score ,blood ammonia level ,albumin level ,bilirubin level ,white blood cell count and blood platelets count compared with those before operation (all P>0 .05) .Conclusion TIPS combined with SEVE in the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal varices accompanied by a gastrorenal shunt with a diameter over 5 mm could effectively control bleeding ,and no ectopic embolism happened .

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of treating femoral intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures combined with femoral shaft fractures using anatomic locking plate.Methods From January 2009 to June 2011,we treated 72 cases of femoral intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures combined with femoral shaft fractures using anatomic locking plate.Sixty-four cases were followed up.There were 50 males and 14 female,with an average age of 42.8 years (range,21-79).All patients suffered from closed femoral unilateral fractures.The interval between injury and surgery was 2 h-16 d (average,4.6 d).All patients were followed up at regular interval.During the follow-up period,clinical and radiographic data were recorded.The clinical efficacy was evaluated with Harris hip function score.Results The mean operative time was 65 min (range,45-120 min); the mean blood loss was 210 ml (range,50-650 ml).All patients began to walk with crutches 3-35 d after surgery.During the follow-up period,no infection,deep vein thrombosis,screwed cut-out and implant failure occurred in all patients.Coxa vara with shortening deformity was noted in 2 cases,solid bone union was found in all the cases.The mean time of fracture healing was 5.2 months (range,3.6-10.5 months).According to Harris hip score,45 cases were classified as excellent,14 as good and 5 as fair,with excellent and good rate being 92.19％ (59/64).Conclusion Anatomic locking plate fixation provides stable fixation,with a high union rate and a minimal complication rate in treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures combined with femoral shaft fracture.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of proton pump inhibitor(PPI) and hydrotalcite for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) induced ulcer.Methods Eightyone consecutive patients who underwent ESD were randomly assigned to either the group of PPI and hydrotalcite therapy ( drug combination group,n =41 ) or the PPI group ( n =40).Delayed bleeding rates were monitored and compared.The main upper abdomen symptoms 1-wk later and ulcer healing rates and ulcer diameter 4-wk later were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in delayed bleeding rate (P ＞ 0.05 ).At the end of first week after ESD,the combination therapy was significantly more effective than the PPI alone in reducing frequencies and severity of upper abdominal pain and upper abdominal distention,while there was no significant difference between the two groups in relieving belch and nausea.A better ulcer healing rates and a smaller ulcer diameter were observed in the combination group at the end of 4 weeks ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The combination therapy of hydrotalcite and PPI can relieve upper abdominal symptoms and improve the healing rate of ESD induced ulcer.

Objective To discuss and analyze effect of biotype common handle (short handle) prosthesis in treating aged patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 321 patients,among which 280 (102 males and 178 females,at age of 72-98years,average 82.5 years) obtained follow-up.According to a new fracture classification method (Piansui Classification),the typeⅠ a fracture was found in 65 cases and type Ⅰ b in 215.Most patients were combined with medical diseases,and after related medical collaborative treatment,standard biotype common handle prosthesis (artificial bipolar femoral head) replacement was applied to all patients.Early rehabilitation exercise was performed postoperatively.Results All the 321 patients lived through perioperative period successively,with no death in hospitalization.Meanwhile,postoperative complications were all cured in hospitalization.The patients could take out-of-bed activity at 1-3 weeks after operation.All 280 patients could take care of themselves at 12-46 months (average 28 months) of follow-up.According to Harris score,the results were excellent in 129 cases,good in 121,fair in 22 and poor in eight,with excellence rate of 89.3％.Conclusion Biotype common handle artificial femoral head replacement is an effective method to allow early ambulation,reduce complications and improve quality of life in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.

Objective To explore the brain function changes in cirrhotic patients with normal blood ammonia and high in direct bilirubin with regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).Methods Fifty-three cirrhotic patients with normal blood ammonia and high indirect bilirubin (cirrhosis group) and 60 healthy volunteers (control group) performed rs-fMRI scans.ReHo values in different brain areas of the two groups were acquired and compared.The correlation between the ReHo values of different brain regions in both groups and the indirect bilirubin concentrations was analyzed.Results Compared with control group,cirrhosis group showed that ReHo values increased in left dorsal-lateral frontal gyrus,left orbital superior frontal gyrus,left top edge of angular gyrus,left precentral gyrus,right caudate,right putamen,right insula,right olfactory cortex (all P＜0.001),and decreased in left superior occipital gyrus,left middle occipital gyrus,left cuneus,left orbital inferior frontal gyrus,right paracentral lobule,right precuneus,right middle occipital gyrus,bilateral lingual gyrus and bilateral cerebellum (all P＜0.001).ReHo values in right insula and right putamen in cirrhotic patients positively correlated with indirect bilirubin (r=0.32,P=0.021).Conclusion The resting state brain function increases and decreases in some brain regions of cirrhotic patients with normal blood ammonia and high indirect bilirubin.Indirect bilirubin level correlates with function of some brain regions,which has certain effect on brain function of adult.