To clarify the effect of the sympathetic nerves on the body's physiopathological changes and acupuncture effect by the alphal-AR mediation in the past 30 years.The paper has referred to the database of CNKI and Pubmed,and systematically reviewed the publications in the past 30 years about the research of the alphal-AR mediation of the sympathetic nerves to the body's physiological andpathological changes and acupuncture effect.Alphal-AR not only mediated the sympathetic nerves on the inotropic change of the heart,and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscles,bladder sphincter,and uterine smooth muscles and other physiological effect,but also mediated cardiac arrhythmia,myocardial hypertrophy and other pathological process.In addition,Alphal-AR also mediated the acupuncture signal transmission,and acupuncture was able to adjust the sympathetic nervous tension.The body's physiopathological changes are closely related to alpha1-AR and subtype alteration.The in-depth study of alphal-AR helps to explain physiopathological mechanism of the body,as well as provide theoretical basis and the corresponding pharmacological models for better selective drugs.Studying Alpha1-AR on meridians contributes to the discovery of meridian essence and the substantial basis of acupuncture effects.

Objective To observe over-time changes in rat blood flow in the skins of related meridian points during physiological status, the pathological state of ischemic myocardial injury and low or high frequency electroacupuncture intervention and explore the post effect of different frequency electroacupuncture on related meridian points after treating ischemic myocardial injury. Method Fifty male Wister rats were randomized into five groups: blank control, sham operation, model, low frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point A) and high frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point B), 10 rats each. Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan (PC6), Ximen (PC4) and Tianquan (PC2), and non-meridian and non-acupoint control points was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging in every group immediately and at 30 and 60 min after the end of three treatments. Statistical analysis was made. Result Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Blood flow in the skin of every acupoint increased in varing degrees after low or high frequency electroacupuncture treatment. Blood flow in bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan regions in meridian point group A was closer to that in the blank control group immediately after treatment. Blood flow in three left-side and three right-side acupoint regions in meridian point group B was closer to that in the blank control group at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after treatment. Conclusion The immediate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than high frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury. The post effect of high frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than low frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, genetic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS).Methods:Three cases of PAIS were collected from Jiangsu Province People′s Hospital (from February 2016 to November 2019). The clinical data, imaging examination, morphology, immunostaining, and molecular changes were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 1 male and 2 females (age: 32, 50, 60 years), who had symptoms of cough, asthma or chest tightness. Imaging findings indicated low density filling defects which were suspected as thrombus, embolism or myxoma. Grossly, the main tumor was located in the elastic arteries and their lobar branches, also extended into the atrium and ventricle, with lung parenchymal infiltration focally. Microscopically, tumor cells were predominantly composed of abundant spindle cells with obvious atypia and myxoid background, resembling fibroblastic or myofibroblastic differentiation. Active mitotic figures and necrosis could be seen in some areas. Immunohistochemical staining of vimentin was strongly positive, while pan-cytokeratin, S-100, desmin, Fli-1, CD31, SMA and ERG etc were variably positive only in focal areas. FISH detection showed amplification of MDM2 gene in three cases and EGFR gene in two cases. Metastatic lesions were found in one case by 18, 32 and 42 months after surgery respectively. There was no recurrence or metastasis in the other two cases.Conclusions:PAIS is one of exceptionally poor differentiated mesenchymal tumor that arises from the arterial intima of elastic pulmonary arteries. There was no definite differention in morphology. Gene detection shows amplification of MDM2 and EGFR gene. This tumor often has poor prognosis with aggressive behavior. Complete resection is the only effective therapeutic option. There is disagreement as to whether chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve survival.

Objective To compare the skin blood perfusion around Neiguan (PC 6)and sham acupoint needled by the different frequency and stimulation times of electro-acupuncture (EA),in healthy rats and myocardial ischemic rats.Methods According to random number table,altogether 100 male Wistar rats were divided into once treatment group and three times treatment group,which were both divided into control group,sham-operation group,model group,EA low-frequency group and EA high-frequency group (each n =10).After successful modeling,rats of EA groups were acupunctured at left Neiguan (PC 6)acupoint.60 minutes after last treatment of acupuncture,skin blood perfusion around bilateral Neiguan(PC 6)acapoints and sham acupoint were tested by laser speckle contrast imaging technology (LSCI) and analyzed,and the myocardial morphological changes were observed by HE staining. Results Compared with control group,the skin blood perfusion around PC 6 in model groups decreased significantly after three time treatment (P <0.01 ),and that around PC 6 or sham acupoint in model group of three times treatment group was much less than that of once treatment group (P <0.01).Com-pared with the model group,the skin blood perfusion around PC 6 both significantly increased after low-frequency EA or high-frequency EA after three times treatment (P <0.01).Conclusion The variation of skin blood perfusion around PC 6 should be useful for specific reflection of normal condition or ische-mic condition of rats myocardium,but that around sham acupoint didn’t.The effect of three-times-treat-ment against declination of skin blood perfusion due to myocardial ischemia was superior to that of once-treatment regardless of high frequency or low frequency,and EA of high frequency and three-times stimu-lation showed the significant effect.However,the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Objective To compare the skin temperature around relevant and irrelevant meridian acu-points,or non-meridian sham acupoints in rats with myocardial ischemia by high frequency electro-acu-puncture(EA)at Neiguan(PC6)point or sham acupoint,in healthy rats and myocardial ischemic rats. Methods Fifty male Wister rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank control group,sham-op-eration group,model group,high frequency EA at Neiguan group(PC6)and high frequency electro-acu-puncture at sham acupoint groups.Rats in high frequency EA at and at sham acupoints group received EA intervention after their models were successfully established.Temperature around the skin of Neiguan (PC6),Yanglingquan(GB34)and sham acupoints were measured and recorded by infrared thermogra-phy in every group at 30 minutes 60 minutes after three-day treatment for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the blank control group,skin temperature around PC6 in model groups was significantly lower(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,skin temperature around PC6 in high frequency EA at PC6 group was significantly increased(P <0.01);Skin temperature around PC6, GB34 and sham acupoint in high frequency EA at sham acupoint groups presented with no statistical significance; skin temperature around PC6 in high frequency EA at PC6 group was similar to the skin temperature of blank control group,which was measured 30 minutes after the treatment.Conclusion The relative specificity of skin temperature around PC6 can be useful for the reflection of different conditions of rats' myocardi-um.High-frequency electro-acupuncture at PC6 can prevent the reduction of skin temperature caused by myocardial ischemia injury,of which the mechanism needs further study.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and histopathologic features of metanephric adenoma (MA).

METHODSEight cases of recently diagnosed MA were retrieved from archival file. Immunohistochemical study was carried out. The clinical characteristics, pathologic parameters, differential diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis of MA were analyzed, with literature review.

RESULTSThe patients included 6 females and 2 males. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 70 years (mean=43.6 years). Eight cases were located in renal cortex and showed well-defined borders. Histologically, the tumor was composed of tubules lined by small basophilic cells and embedded in an edematous stroma. Papillary structures and psammoma bodies were focally seen. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for PAX2 and vimentin in all the 8 cases. WT-1 was positive in 2 cases, focal and weak in 5 cases, and negative in 1 case. CK-Pan was positive in 3 cases. CK7 staining was mostly negative, with focal and weak positivity only in 1 case. The proliferative index, as highlighted by Ki-67 staining, was less than 2% in 7 cases and focally around 5% in 1 case. The expressions of CK20, CD10, RCC, epithelial membrane antigen, CD56, synaptophysin and chromogranin A were negative. Follow-up information from 7 to 57 months was available in all patients; and none of them developed local recurrence or distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of MA relies primarily on thorough histologic examination and immunohistochemical study (vimentin and PAX2 positive, WT-1 focally and weakly positive in some cases, and low proliferative index). Correlation with clinical and radiologic findings would also be helpful.

Adenoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; PAX2 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; WT1 Proteins ; metabolism ; Wilms Tumor ; pathology ; Young Adult

Peripheral bacterial infections without impaired blood-brain barrier integrity have been attributed to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Peripheral infection promotes innate immune training in microglia and exacerbates neuroinflammation. However, how changes in the peripheral environment mediate microglial training and exacerbation of infection-related PD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GSDMD activation was enhanced in the spleen but not in the CNS of mice primed with low-dose LPS. GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells promoted microglial immune training, thus exacerbating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during PD in an IL-1R-dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GSDMD alleviated the symptoms of PD in experimental PD models. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GSDMD-induced pyroptosis in myeloid cells initiates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial training during infection-related PD. Based on these findings, GSDMD may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with PD.