OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting prescription standard and rational use of antiviral drugs. METH-ODS:A total of 1 600 antiviral prescriptions were randomly screened from pediatric outpatient department of our hospital during Jan. to Aug. 2014. Selected prescriptions were reviewed and analyzed according to national regulations and hospital regulations. RE-SULTS:Among 1 600 prescriptions,there were 244 irrational prescriptions(15.25%). The number and constituent ratio of irratio-nal prescriptions were as follows:127 prescriptions of non-standard writing(52.05%),105 of unsuitable drug use(43.03%)and 12 supernormal prescriptions(4.92%). After prescription evaluation,the percentage of irrational prescriptions were decreased from 21%(Jan. 2014) to 11%(Aug. 2014). CONCLUSIONS:Prescription review can promote qualification rate of pediatric antiviral prescriptions,and improve rationality of clinical drug use. It is necessary to improve rational use of antiviral drugs continuously due to unsatisfactory qualification rate.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin on the macrophage foam cell formation in RAW264.7 cells and the expression of ICAM-1.RAW264.7 cells were culture in vitro and induced by oxLDL (50 μg· mL-1).Furthermore,cells were separated into the control group,oxLDL model group and hesperidin treatment group.The effect of hesperidin on cell viability in RAW264.7 was assessed by MTF assay.Oil Red O staining was examined by foam cells formation.Effect of hesperidin on protein expression of ICAM-1 was analyzed by western blot.In addition,the effect of hesperidin on mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was assessed by RT-PCR.The results showed that the viability should been over 80％ after less than or equal to 5 μM hesperidin treatment.Hesperidin decreased the protein expression of ICAM-1 in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,hesperidin suppressed the mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in RAW264.7 cells.It was concluded that hesperidin can inhibit foam cell formation and the expression of ICAM-1 in RAW264.7 cells.It suggested that hesperidin protect against atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical pathological factors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with clinically node-negative sides of neck stage central lymph node metastasis.Methods Analysis of 136 cases of cNo stage of PTMC of clinical and pathological data,and using the PCR method for the detection of BRAFV600E mutation in the paraffin coated tissue.Results One hundred and thirty-six cases with PTMC lymph node metastasis rate was 38.2％ (52/136),BRAFV600E mutation rate was 44.9％ (61/136).Single factor analysis showed that the lymph node metastasis was related with BRAFV600E mutation and capsular invasion (P＜ 0.05).The size of the tumor was close to significant level (P=0.057).Multiple regression analysis showed that BRAFV600E mutation and capsular invasion were independent factors for affecting the central lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The routine central lymph node dissection should be performed in patients with BRAFV600E mutation and tumor invasion.

Objective To investigate the changes in circulatory and pulmonary monary angiotensinⅡin rats with acite lung injury(ALI)and explore the role of angiotensinⅡin ALI.Method Thirty S-D rats were randomly divided into control group(n=6)and ALI group(n=24).The ALI group was further divided into four subgroups of observation at various intervals,3,6,9 and 12 hours after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)into the femoral vein(each n=6).The indices rate,blood gas analysis,wet weight/dry weight(W/D)ratio of lung lobes,and pathological changes were successively observed at 3,6,9,and 12 hours after injury.The content of angiotensinⅡin lung tissue and blood plasma were detected at above set intervals by radioimmunoassay.Data of these assays were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance.Results Compare with the control group,pH and PaO2 of arterial blood in ALI group decreased significantly(P＜0.05)at all intervals and PaCO2 of arterial blood in ALI group decreased significanfly(P＜0.05).at all intervals and PaCO2 of arterial blood and lung W/D weight ratio increased significantly(P＜0.05),and scores of lung histopathology denoted the lung injuried(P＜0.01).After injury of lung,angiotensin Ⅱ content increased markedly in lung homogenate and blood plasma (P＜0.05).Angiotensin Ⅱ content in blood plasma reached peak value at 9 hours,and content of angiotensin Ⅱ in lung homogenates kept on increasing at allintervals of observation.Conclusions A large amount of angiotensin Ⅱ releases into lung tissue and blood plasma during ALI,suggesting systemic and pulmonary rennin-angiotensin systems are activated.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of executive function in patients with brain injury. Methods From March 1st, to June 30th, 2015, 44 patients with brain injury were investigated with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the indexes including Responses Answer, Categories Completed, Correct Responses, Errors Responses, Trials to Complete First Category, Percent Conceptual Level Respons-es Percentage, Perseverative Responses Errors, Nonperseverative Responses Errors, Failure to Maintain Set, and Learning to Learn. Results The abnormal rates were the most in Nonperseverative Responses Errors and Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage (61.36%), and then in Responses Answer/Categories Completed/Correct Responses (59.09%), Correct Responses (43.18%), Trials to Complete First Category (38.64%), Perseverative Errors (29.51%), Learning to Learn (25.00%), and Failure to Maintain Set (9.09%). The patients with trau-matic brain injury were different from those with stroke in Responses Answer, Errors Responses, Perseverative Responses Errors, Catego-ries Completed, Percent Conceptual Level Responses Percentage, and Learning to Learn (Z>2.444, t>2.156, P<0.05). The patients injured in frontal lobe were different from those in other areas in Perseverative Responses Errors (t=2.595, P=0.015). Conclusion Executive function damaged generally in patients with brain injury, which related to concentration, abstract, shifting attention, working memory, etc. The frontal lobe damage may associate with the disorder of shifting attention.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE)in primary bile reflux gastritis (BRG).Methods From November 10th to December 15th,2015 ,55 patients underwent CLE examination and preliminarily diagnosed as BRG with traditional white-light endoscopy were enrolled.CLE score standard was designed.Dixon pathologic score was considered as gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the accuracy of CLE score in BRG diagnosis.Sensitivity,specificity and 95 % confidence interval (CI )were calculated.Kappa analysis was performed to assess the inter-observer agreement of CLE score.Results According to Dixon pathologic score standard,29 patients (52.7%)were diagnosed as primary BRG among the 55 enrolled patients. Among the 42 Helicobacter pylori (H .pylori )negative patients,the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)of CLE in BRG diagnosis was 0.90 (95 %CI 0.81 —1 .00).Taking CLE score over six as the cut-off value for diagnosis,the sensitivity and specificity was 84.00% (95 %CI 65 .35 %—93.60%)and 82.35 % (95 %CI 58.97%—93.81 %),respectively.The Kappa value for inter-observer agreement in BRG diagnosis was 0.60 (95 %CI 0.24—0.95).Conclusion Primary BRG can be accurately diagnosed by CLE in H .pylori negative patients with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To explore the characteristics of clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis in acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) patients.Methods We described an 80-year-old woman who was diagnosed with AFOP and got better after treatment with glucocorticoids.Clinical data of 51 patients which have been published in literatures in China and abroad were retrospectively analyzed.The differences in characteristics of clinical features were compared between the elderly and non-elderly patients.Results The case reported herein,who was a 80-year-old female with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA),presented with fever,dry cough and progressive dyspnea.Chest CT scan showed bilateral multiple patchy consolidation.CT-guided needle aspiration was performed and the pathological examination finding was consistent with AFOP.The patient was treated with oral methylprednisolone and experienced a significant improvement in symptoms and imaging manifestations.But she presented with deterioration with relapsing clinical symptoms when she discontinued corticosteroid treatment by herself,and the clinical symptoms were improved by retreatment.Clinical data of 51 reported cases with AFOP including 27 males and 24 females aged 38 d to 80 years were enrolled and analyzed in the study.Patients aged 60 years and over accounted for 47.1％ (24 cases).No risk or predisposing factor was found in most of cases.Autoimmune diseases were the most common combined diseases in AFOP patients.The top three symptoms were dyspnea (80.4％,41 cases),cough (64.7％,33 cases) and fever (52.9％,27 cases).The incidence of dyspnea was lower in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients [66.7％ (16/24) vs.92.6％ (25/27),P＜0.05],and ground glass opacity in the chest image was also less in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients (P＜0.05).15 patients (29.4％) got definitive diagnosis by minimally invasive procedures including percutaneous lung puncture biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy.Corticosteroids were the main drug treatment,and 39 cases (76.5 ％) received antibacterial drugs.The mortality rate of AFOP was 37.3％ (15 cases).The average time from symptom onset to final diagnosis was shorter in dead cases than in recovered patients (19 days vs.40 days,P＜0.05).The rate of using mechanical ventilation was higher in dead cases than in recovered patients [57.9 ％ (11/19) vs.9.4％ (3/32),P＜0.05].Conclusions There are no specific clinical and imaging features in AFOP,which is easily misdiagnosed as infectious diseases.AFOP is more common in elderly patients.Dyspnea and other symptoms can easily be ignored,and minimally invasive biopsy and pathological examination findings is helpful for diagnosis.The mortality rate of AFOP is high,and insufficient course of therapy is associated with the increased risk of AFOP relapse.Rapid progression of disease and the invasive mechanical ventilation predispose poor outcomes.

A total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from roots and stems of Tibetan medicinal plant Phlomis younghusbandii Mukerjee. These fungal isolates were molecularly identified based on ITS sequnces and 28S sequences distributed to 12 genera, including Phoma, Chaetosphaeronema, Fusarium and Leptosphaeria, etc. Among them, the dominant genus was Phoma. Extracts of all strains were evaluated for anti-HIV-1 integrase activity by using soluable integrase expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The results showed that seven samples from five fungal endophytes PHY-24, PHY-38, PHY-40, PHY-51, PHY-53, which belonged to genus Chaetosphaeronema, inhibited strand transfer reaction catalyzed by HIV-1 integrase with IC50 values, of 6.60, 5.20, 2.86, 7.86, 4.47, 4.56 and 3.23 microg x mL(-1) respectively. In conclusion, the endophytic fungi of Phlomis younghusbandii Mukerjee are valuable for further screening anti-HIV-1 integrase agents.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is a key enzyme in the polyamines biosynthesis, thus is essential for basic physiological and biochemical processes in plant. In the present study, a full length cDNA of DoSAMDC1 gene was obtained from symbiotic germinated seeds of an endangered medicinal orchid species Dendrobium officinale, using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR technique for the first time. The full length cDNA was 1 979 bp, with three open reading frames, i.e. tiny-uORF, small-uORF and main ORF (mORF). The mORF was deduced to encode a 368 amino acid (aa) protein with a molecular mass of 40.7 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.2. The deduced DoSAMDC1 protein, without signal peptide, had two highly conserved function domains (proenzyme cleavage site and PEST domain) and a 22-aa transmembrane domain (89-110). Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic relationship analyses revealed DoSAMDC1 had a higher level of sequence similarity to monocot SAMDCs than those of dicot. Expression patterns using qRT-PCR analyses showed that DoSAMDC1 transcripts were expressed constitutively without significant change in the five tissues (not infected with fungi). While in the symbiotic germinated seeds, the expression level was enhanced by 2.74 fold over that in the none-germinated seeds, indicating possible involvement of the gene in symbiotic seed germination of D. officinale.

Objective To study the application of cervical vertebral artery CT angiography(CTA) preoperatively in the screw setting of upper cervical spine.Methods The data of 170 patients who underwent upper cervical spine surgery from January 2014 to December 2015 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,of whom 80 cases with typeⅡodontoid fractures,90 cases with atlantoaxial dislocation;20 cases were operated with occipitocervical fusion,150 cases treated with atlantoaxial fusion.Seventy-eight cases were examinated by cervical vertebral artery CTA before sugery(observation group) but the other 92 cases(control group).The rate of the vertebral arterial lesion between the two groups were compared.Results Six cases with vertebral artery injury in control group,the incidence of arterial injury was 7％;unilateral vertebral artery was found in 3 cases,small congenital development of left cervical vertebral artery in 5 case,abnormal branch in 5 cases.The rate of dysplasia was 17％,and the rate of vertebral artery injury was 0.The rate of vertebral artery injury in control group was higher than observation group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Vertebral artery CTA examination preoperatively may become a routine examination,in order to make the operator carefully evaluate the relationship between the vertebral artery with atlantoaxial vertebral,choose the accurate screw-setting and avoid the vertebral artery injury in the upper cervical spine surgery.