Objective To find the best sample collecting and template making methods. Methods The multiplex PCR results of three sample collecting methods and eight template making methods in malaria diagnosis were compared. Results Conserved blood sample collecting, and Na 3PO 4 template making were sensitive and simple. Conclusion Conserved blood of sample collecting and Na 3PO 4 in template making are the best methods in multiplex PCR diagnosis of malaria, and are worthy of wide use.

Objective:To reveal the characteristics of pulse condition of kidney qi deficiency and kidney yin deficiency syndrome,investigate the correlation between syndrome and pulse condition,and provide objective evidence for syndrome differentiation and traditional Chinese diagnosis.Methods:40 cases of kidney qi deficiency,35 cases of kidney yin deficiency and 25 people of control group were involved into the study.We used DY-SS-1 detective system of pulse condition,which had three probes and was designed according to traditional Chinese medical theories,to examine,record and analyze the messages of Cun,Guan and Chi of two hands.Results:Comparative analysis of pulse condition and syndrome differentiation showed a conclusion that the accurate diagnosis of sufferers was 68% while of controls was 88%,there was signif icant difference between them(P

Objective To investigate the role of sulfydral redox agent in the modulation of insulin secretion and the potential mechanism. Methods Insulin secretion was evaluated in INS-1 cells after treatment with different concentrations of glucose and sulfydral redox agents by a standard insulin radio immunoassay. Results Glucose concentration-dependently potentiates insulin secretion was observed in INS-1 cells. DTBNP and DTDP could not only significantly increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but also increase insulin secretion in nifedipine-pretreated cells, which could be abrogated by DTT. Importantly, pharmacological ablation of L-type calcium channels by nifedipine and/or ablation of K ATP channelby diazoxide both could potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretory. Conclusions Sulfydral redox agent could regulates GSIS. DTBNP and DTDP may increase insulin secretion via regulating the activities of KATP, L-type CaV channel and IP3 receptor.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effective mechanism and side effects of thalidomide to multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSTen cases of MM were studied, of which 3 were previously untreated and 7 refractory or relapsed. Bone marrow microvascular density (MVD) was detected by factor-VIII related antigen and CD(34) immunohistological staining and serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before and after treatment was determined by ELISA. The initial dosage of thalidomide was 100 approximately 200 mg/d with a weekly escalation of 50 mg/d to 450 approximately 650 mg/d. The therapeutic effectiveness is classified into partial remission, improvement and uneffective according to the decrease of serum M protein and bone marrow myeloma cells. Anemia, renal function and blood electrolytes were also observed.

RESULTSBefore treatment, MVD was 73.32 +/- 28.80 and 32.30 +/- 12.50 in MM and control group, respectively, (P < 0.01). MVD in MM group decreased to 56.12 +/- 19.34 after treatment, and was of significant difference (P < 0.05) as compared to the pretreatment value. However, there was still a significant difference as compared to control (56.12 +/- 19.34 vs 32.30 +/- 12.50, P < 0.01). The concentration of VEGF significantly decreased after treatment [from (178.23 +/- 26.56) ng/L to (78.48 +/- 19.98) ng/L, P < 0.01)]. The total effective rate was 70%. There were no serious side effects.

CONCLUSIONMVD and VEGF concentration were decreased obviously by thalidomide treatment. The dosage of 450 approximately 650 mg/d might be effective in refractory or initial MM.

Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Marrow ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Constipation ; chemically induced ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; blood ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; blood ; Lymphokines ; blood ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; chemically induced ; Thalidomide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis

Objective To report the clinical efficacy of Kirschner wire combined with external fixator in the treatment of open comminuted distal tibiofibular fractures according to the concept of damage control orthopaedics.Methods A case series study was done on the clinical data of 15 open comminuted distal tibiofibular fractures which had been treated with kirschner wire combined with external fixation from January 2015 to August 2018 at Department of Orthopedics,Affiliated Hospital to Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police.They were 12 men and 3 women,aged from 27 to 62 years (mean,46.5 years).By the Gustilo classification,there were one case of type Ⅰ,4 cases of type Ⅱ,7 cases of type Ⅲ A,2 cases of type ⅢB and one case of type ⅢC.All the patients were treated with emergency debridement,tibial fixation using external fixator and fibular fixation using kirschner wire,followed by vacuum sealing drainage(VSD).Effective anti-inflammatory and other comprehensive treatments were given postoperatively.Regular follow-up was conducted to observe fracture healing and complications like osteomyelitis and bone disconnection.At the final follow-up,the American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale was used to evaluate the ankle function.Results All the patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months (mean,12.8 months).Primary bone union was achieved in 13 cases (86.7％),delayed healing observed in one case (6.7％) and bone nonunion in one case (6.7％).No osteomyelitis occurred.By the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale,the ankle function was rated as excellent in 9 cases,as good in 4,as fair in one and as poor in one.Conclusions For patients with open comminuted distal tibiofibular fracture,treatment should be conducted according to the concept of damage control orthopaedics.After early thorough debridement,the tibia should be fixated using external fixator and the fibula using kirschner wire,followed by VSD,leading to economical cost and satisfactory clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and toxicity of the chemotherapeutic regimen containing pirarubicin and mitoxantrone on the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults.

METHODSIn this open prospective multicentre study, we randomly assigned patients with relapsed or refractory AML to receive TAE regimen (pirarubicin+cytarabine+etoposide) versus MAE regimen (mitoxantrone + cytarabine + etoposide). The efficacy and toxicity were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS56 patients entered this clinical trial. The complete remission (CR) rate on TAE arm was 79.0% versus 55.6% on MAE arm with the overall response (OR) rates of 86.8% versus 88.9%, respectively. The CR was higher on TAE arm (P=0.035) but with no significant difference between the two groups regarding the overall response (OR) rate. The regimens were well tolerated in both groups. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicity were similar except relatively lower the mean dosage of G-CSF, red blood cells and platelets transfusion on TAE arm. No significant differences were seen between the two groups regarding the overall survival and relapse free survival rates.

CONCLUSIONTAE regimen might be an effective salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory AML.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dactinomycin ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common neurodegenerative diseases in human. The pathogenesis of AD and PD is complex, and the current drugs and surgical treatments have not successfully alleviated or terminated the progression of the diseases. The lentiviral vector (LV) is a retroviral vector. In recent years, LV mediated gene therapy has been a hotspot to study the mechanisms of human disease and clinical drug discovery. This review summarizes the recent progresses in the treatment of AD and PD by the application of LV, and offers a prospect for its application.
Alzheimer Disease/therapy* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/therapy*

Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Kunxian capsule in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on network pharmacology. Methods The constituents of Kunxian capsule were searched by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and a high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of traditional Chinese medicine（HERB）.The potential active ingredients and targets were retrieved based on TCMSP database. RA related gene targets were retrieved through GeneCards database and OMIM database. Venn online software was used to obtain the common target of drugs and diseases. The “compound-target” network diagram was constructed with Cytoscape software. String database was used to draw the protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the intersection network were conducted by Bioconductor Database. Results 81 active ingredients and 913 targets were identified. 228 targets were obtained after removing the duplicates. 4494 target genes directly related to RA were obtained from the GeneCards databases and OMIM databases. 162 genes were obtained from the intersection of component-target and disease-target. It was revealed that five ingredients including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol and triptolide are the main active ingredients in Kunxian capsule. AKT1, IL-10, STAT3, CASP8 and CDKN1A may be the main therapeutical targets. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of Kunxian capsule is mainly related to the regulation of reactive oxygen metabolism, the regulation of kinase activity, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The important biological processes and signaling pathways include infection, inflammation and immunity. Conclusion This research preliminarily explored the mechanism of Kunxian capsule in the treatment of RA by network pharmacology and suggested that the overall regulation is characterized by multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-channels. It provided some ideas for further molecular biology experiments.

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a 23-membered macrolide with immunosuppressant activity that is widely used clinically for treating the rejection after organ transplantation. The research on tacrolimus production was mainly focused on biosynthesis methods, within which there are still some bottlenecks. This review summarizes the progress made in tacrolimus biosynthesis via modification of metabolic pathways and control of fermentation process, with the hope to address the technical bottlenecks for tacrolimus biosynthesis and improve tacrolimus production by fermentation engineering and metabolic engineering.
Tacrolimus ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Fermentation ; Macrolides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of posaconazole combined with proton pump inhibitors （PPI） on the blood concentration and the risk of invasive fungal disease （IFD） in patients with malignant hematological disorder. METHODS In accordance with the random number table method， 40 patients with malignant hematological disorders who were admitted to the hematology department of our hospital between December 2020 and December 2021 were chosen and divided into control group （20 cases） and observation group （20 cases）. The control group received Posaconazole oral suspension alone， while the observation group received Posaconazole oral suspension combined with PPI. The incidence of IFD， attainment rate of blood concentration， the time from the start of prophylaxis to IFD onset， the fatality associated with IFD， treatment of infected patients， and blood concentrations of posaconazole on 7th， 14th， 21st， and 28th day after posaconazole application were compared between 2 groups； the occurrence of adverse events during drug administration in the two groups was recorded. RESULTS The study was stopped because 2 patients in the observation group and 9 patients in the control group received hospital departures after taking posaconazole for fewer than 7 days. The incidence of IFD in the observation group was significantly higher than control group， and the attainment rate of blood concentration in the observation group was significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the time from the start of prophylaxis to IFD onset， the fatality associated with IFD， treatment of infected patients and the incidence of adverse events （P＞ 0.05）. The blood concentration of posaconazole in the observation group was significantly lower than control group on 7th day of medication （P＜0.05）； there was no significant in blood concentration of posaconazole between 2 groups on the 14th day of medication （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Posaconazole combined with PPI can reduce the blood concentration of patients with malignant hematological disorders， increase the risk of IFD. Clinical practice should try to avoid the combination of the two or use them under the guidance of therapeutic drug monitoring.