Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among health checkup population in Xiamen area during 2012-2014,and evaluate the potential predictors for Hp infection.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among health checkup population in the Zhongshan Hospital during 2012-2014.Potential participants completed 13C breath tests for helicobacter pylori infection.An epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics,the awareness of Hp-related information,the history of gastrointestinal diseases or symptoms,life styles and relevant data for each participant.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of Hp infection with potential predictors.Results Three groups of individuals with 1 631,1 766,and 5 257 persons who underwent health checkup were screened for Hp infection,and Hp prevalence was 48.9％,49.8％,and 50.5％ during 2012-2014,respectively.No significant difference in Hp prevalence was found between both sexes.A total of 1444 acceptible questionnaires were used to evaluate the associations between Hp infection and potential predictors and Hp infection was 47.9％ among 1 444 eligible participants.In the multivariate logistic regression model,Hp infection was found to be associated significantly with having ever tested for Hp infection (OR,0.67;95％CI:0.51-0.88;P=0.004),the history of stomachache or gastrectasia (OR,2.19;95％ CI:1.73-2.78;P＜0.001),and alcohol drinking (OR,1.38;95％ CI:1.11-1.71;P=0.004).The higher the severity of Hp infection,the higher the prevalence of stomachache or gastrectasia,and smoking and alcohol drinking.However,the prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking decreased among those with the highest severity of Hp infection.Conclusion The prevalence of Hp infection in Xiamen area was slightly lower than the national Hp prevalence among natural population,but this prevalence reached 50％.The awareness rate of Hp infection was still low.The prevalence of stomachache or gastrectasia among our study population presented positive correlation with the severity levels of Hp infection.More attention should be paid to Hp screening and treatment among those with gastrointestinal diseases or symptoms.

A new method has been established for simultaneous determination of anions and cations in fertilizer sample by multimodal liquid chromatography with direct conductivity detection. An Acclaim Trinity P1 column based on nanopolymer silica hybrid technology with multimodal separation functional groups reversed-phase/anion-exchange/cation-exchange was used for the analysis. The chromatographic conditions were optimized and the effect ion of eluent on retention was discussed. Eight ions ( Li+, NH+4 , K+, HCOO-, NO-2 , Cl-, NO-3 and Br-) were separated and determined simultaneously by using 25 mmol/L CH3 COONa solution containing 50% acetonitrile at pH=5. 0 as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 50 mL/min and the temperature was 30 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the method were in the range of 0 . 5-200 mg/L for all the ions with correlation coefficient of 0 . 9997-0 . 9999 . Whereas the detection limits (S/N=3) were in the range of 0. 16-1. 72 mg/L and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=9) were in the range of 1 . 3-2 . 5%. The method was applied to the determination of anions and cations in the fertilizer samples with satisfied results and the recoveries were in the range of 95 . 8%-103 . 8%.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of STING in peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrho-sis.Methods Admitted 28 PBC patients hospitalized in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2014 to October 2015.Also enrolled 28 healthy controls.Baseline data and laboratory indicators were extrac-ted,and STING mRNA expression was determined using q-PCR.The correlation between STING and clinical parameters were analyzed.The changes of STING mRNA in 5 followed-up patients with PBC were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy controls,STING mRNA was significantly increased in PBC patients and was increased in patients with severer dis-ease stages (U=0.00,P<0.05).STING was positively correlated with Mayo risk and GGT (R=0.45,R=0.42,P<0.05),and not AST,ALT or ALP (R=0.33,0.21,0.27,P>0.05).After therapy,STING mRNA were significantly re-duced in 5 PBC patients (U=0.00,P<0.05).Conclusion STING may be involved in PBC pathogenesis.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of neutrophils/lymphocyte(NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratioof (PLR)peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with PBC and three subgroup patients according to Child-pugh,who were hospitalized in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2010 to July 2015.Enrolled 59 healthy controls.Baseline data and laboratory indicators were extracted,and the correlation between PLR and NLR and disease activity were analyzed.The changes of NLR in 3 pa-tients with PBC were analyzed.3 patients were followed up and their NLRs were recorded before and after therapy.Results Compared with healthy controls,NLR was significantly increased in PBC patients (P<0.05),and not PLR (P>0.05). NLR was positively correlated with TBIL and Mayo risk (R=0.35,0.30,P<0.05),and not ALT,AST or ALP (P>0.05).After therapy,NLRs were significantly reduced in three PBC patients (P<0.05).Conclusion NLR may be a useful biomarker for assessing clinical therapy in PBC patients.

Objective To explore TRAIL expression in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)and its role in the pathogenesis.Methods Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)from twenty-eight patients with ITP and thirty healthy controls were obtained.TRAIL expression was determined using Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Serum TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 were detected using ELISA.Associations between TRAIL expression and clinical parameters were assessed.Results Compared to healthy controls,TRAIL expression was significantly increased in PBMC from patients with ITP (2.80±0.43 vs 1.00±0.24,t=19.72,P<0.001).Compared to the healthy controls,ex-pression of IFN-γand TNF-αfrom ITP patients were increased (52.43±11.04 pg/ml vs 23.26±8.15 pg/ml;69.14± 10.89 pg/ml vs 36.14±13.17 pg/ml,t=10.36~11.50,P<0.001)and expression of IL-10 were decreased (11.18±6.13 pg/ml vs 33.28±9.85 pg/ml,t=10.17,P<0.001)and there was no significant difference in IL-4 expression (35.75± 12.52 pg/ml vs 40.16±14.26 pg/ml,t=1.25,P>0.05).Furthermore,TRAIL expression was positively correlated with serum IFN-γ,TNF-αlevel (r=0.432,0.541,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with IL-10 and PLT (r=-0.424,-0.553,P<0.05).Conclusion Rur results suggest that TRAIL may be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective To analyze the background and connotation of the maker education 2.0 and the innovativeness of the nursing maker education 2.0, and put forward the blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0. Methods The present situations of the maker education 2.0 and the connections between the maker education 2.0 and the nursing education were analyzed through documents and descriptive research, and the blended teaching program of the nursing maker education 2.0 was designed through exploratory research. Results Maker education 2.0 has gradually became an important way to cultivate students' innovation ability, and all kinds of schools tried to implement the maker education 2.0, but there has not been relevant research reports in nursing. Conclusions The blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0 can triggerthe reform of the nursing education. We should research the developmental mechanism and supporting theory, etc. of the nursing maker education 2.0 to explore much further for more knowledge about its application results.

Objective To study the activation induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)murine model induced by poly I∶C. Methods Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were divided into model and control group randomly, and the former were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I∶C, the later with PBS. PBC mice were detected 16 weeks after injection. CD4+ T cells isolated from spleen were stimulated in vitro by Con A and anti-CD3, and the apoptosis were determined by Annexin-V and PI staining. The expression of Fas, FasL and TRAIL were assayed by relative quantitative real-time PCR. Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the portal areas of mice in model group were infiltrated with mononuclear cells obviously. The positive rate of serum antimitochondrial antibody(AMA) and the level of alkali phosphatase (ALP) were higher than that in control group (P<0.001). AICD of splenic CD4+ T cells in model group was lower than that of control group (P<0.001). The mRNA of FasL and TRAIL in model mice was down-regulated. Simultaneously, the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was up-regulated in model group. Conclusion These observations suggest that a defect in AICD of auto-reactive TH1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PBC model. Furthermore, this defect in AICD may results from the change of Fas/FasL, TRAIL pathway and the up-regulation of Bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the cell phenotype for T cells in polyI: C induced primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)animal model.Methods 20 female C57BI/6 mice,8 weeks old,were divided into model group and control group randomly. Mice in model group and control group were injected with polyI:C at a dose of 5 ms/ks and PBS,respectively.All mice were acrificed after 16 weeks after injection, and the sections of liver specimen were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin(H.E) staining.Serum AMA and ALP were detected.CD4+,CDs8+ and NKT cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry.The level of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were assayed by EUSA.Results PBC mouse model was developed 16 weeks fter polyI: C injection. Infiltration of lymphocytes in portal area,positive serum AMA and high level of serum ALP were observed.The ratios of CD4+ T cells in model group and control group were(25.45±11.12)% and (26.72±0.63)%,respectively(t=0.314,P>0.05).The ratios of CDs+T cells in two groups were (18.3±0.91)% and (17.8±0.58)%,espectively(t=0.226,P>0.05).No significant change Was found for CD;and CDs+T cells in mice of both groups.However,NKT cells in peripheral blood of two groups were(11.56±5.09)% and (1.26±0.53)%,respectively(t=9.504,P<0.01).The number of NKT cells in model group was more than that of control group significantly.Simultaneously,serum L-4 and IFN·γ in mice of model group were also higher than that of control group.IL4 in senlm of two groups were (22.19±2.31)pg/ml and(8.72±0.87)pg/ml,respectively(t=58.06,P<0.01).IFN-γ in serum of two groups were(3.34±0.76)ng/ml and(1.14±0.21)ng/ml,respectively(t=23.31,P<0.01).Conclusions NKT cells increase greatly in eripheral blood of polyI:C induced PBC mouse model.NKT cells may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PBC.

Objective To investigate the expression level of Gas6 in patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and its clinical significance.Methods The experimental group was peripheral blood samples collected from 35 cases diagnosed with ITP in hematology department of Changhai Hospital in Shanghai from October 2013 to December 2015.Control group was peripheral blood from 35 healthy examined individuals at the same time.After separating plasm from the two group samples,the protein level of Gas6,IFN-α,IL-4,IFN-γ and IL-17 were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),comparison of expressional level of the two groups was measured by t test.Pearson correlation analysis was used to decide the relation between Gas6 and cytokines such as IFN-α.Results The expression level of Gas6 in experimental and control groups was 27.28±7.56 ng/ml vs 20.51±5.39 ng/ml (t=4.314,P＜0.000 1);IFN-γ was 221.67±57.64 pg/ml vs 45.32 ±16.79 pg/ml (t=17.38,P＜0.000 1);IL-4 was 113.86±26.48 pg/ml vs 49.87±14.98 pg/ml (t=12.44,P＜0.000 1);IL-17 was 168.96±47.88 pg/ml vs 109.56±28.97 pg/ml (t=6.28,P＜0.000 1);IFN-α was 34.83±8.12 pg/ml vs 29.89 ± 5.76 pg/ml (t=2.936,P=0.004 5),all with statistical differences (P＜0.05).Pearson analysis showed that Gas6 was positively related with IL-17,IL-4,IFN γ (r=0.564,0.486,0.449,P＜0.05) and there was difference statistically,but Gas6 was not correlated with IFN-α.Conclusion Gas6 may participate in the disease formation of ITP through affection on cytokines secreted by Th cell subsets,and it was the potential therapeutic and predicted target for this disease clinically.

Objective:To predict and identify HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen Ag85C, so as to provide evidence for epitope-based study for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. Methods: The online database SYFPEITHI was applied to predict the potential HLA-A * 0201 restricted epitopes from Ag85C, an antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T2 cell line was used to assay the affinity between the predicted peptides and HLA-A * 0201 molecules. The specific CTL lines were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A * 0201 positive TB patients and PPD+ healthy donors by peptides with high binding affinity to HLA-A * 0201 molecules. IFN-?production, in vitro proliferation and cytotoxicity of peptide-induced CTL were determined to screen HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitopes from those candidates. Results: Fourteen potential epitopes were identified from the SYFPEITHI database. After binding affinity assay, 3 of the 14 peptides (170-178 aa, 317-325 aa, and 144-153 aa) were found to have high binding affinity to HLA-A* 0201 molecules. However, only one peptide (144-153 aa) stimulated its specific CTL to release IFN-y, proliferate in vitro and produce specific cytotoxicity. Conclusion: We have successfully identified a HLA-A * 0201 restricted CD8+ CTL epitope of Mtb Ag85C-FLTREMPAWL( 144-153 aa) , which might be a candidate epitope for TB vaccine designing. Our findings provides a basis for developing novel and effective anti-TB vaccine.