ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with argon-helium cryoablation on patients with advanced unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsTranscatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed in 35 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma,then argon-helium cryoablation was done after 2-3 weeks.The second transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment was performed 1-2 week after argon-helium cryoablation.The after treatment response was evaluated and the toxicity was observed.RusultsThirty-five patients were evaluated.Complete response was observed in 7 patients,partial response in 21 patients,stable disease in 4 patients and progressive disease in 3 patients. Overall response rate was 80.00 ％(2g/35), and disease control rate was 91.43 ％(32/35). Patients' median PFS was 8.9 months, median OS was 16.3 months. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with argon-helium cryoablation is good in treating advanced unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To compare the efficacy and toxicity of late-course concurrent radiochemotherapy and sequential chemoradiotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods Eighty-two patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma were randomized into two groups: 41 cases in late-course concurrent radiochemotherapy (LCRC) group were received two cycles chemotherapy and then underwent concurrent radiochemotherapy;41 cases in sequential chemoradiotherapy (SCR) group were received four cycles chemotherapy and then underwent radiotherapy. The regimen of chemotherapy in all cases:cisplatin 25mg/m2, 1-3 d;calcium folinate (CF) 150 mg/m2, 1-5 d;fluorouracil 375 mg/m2, 1-5 d, 21 d was one cycle. All patients were received the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, the total dose of radiation was same as 64 Gy. Results The short-term response rate was 85.4%(35/41) in LCRC group and 65.9%(27/41) in SCR group, they had significant difference ( P<0.05). The rates of acute radiation esophagitis that need treatment was 90.2%(37/41) in LCRC group and 87.8%(36/41) in SCR group, there had no significant difference (P>0.05). The l year, 2 years, 3 years survival rate were 68.3%(28/41) and 65.9%(27/41), 56.1%(23/41) and 51.2%(21/41), 46.3%(19/41) and 36.6%(15/41) respectively,the median survival time were 30.0 months and 26.0 months, there had no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion The short-term efficacy of advanced esophageal carcinoma could be improved by the late-course concurrent radiochemotherapy.

Objective To observe the morphology and ultrastructure of Blastocystis hominis. Methods Morphological observation was made with 4-5 days cultured B.hominis by light microscopy, and similar material fixed with 4% glutaraldehyde was used for transmission electron microscopy. Results Several forms of B.hominis were observed including vacuolar, \{granular\}, amebic, multifission and cystic forms. The multiplication patterns of B.hominis included both binary fission and sporogony. Under transmission electron microscope, the nuclei, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and lysomes were observed in addition to lipid droplets in its cytoplasm, and glycogen in the central vacuole. Conclusion The central vacuole of vacuolar form may be related to the storage of the excreta. The amebic form of B.hominis might be pathogenic.

Objective To investigate the long-term prognosis and possible risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)following cardiac surgeries. Methods Clinical data of 941 patients undergoing open heart surgery from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Survival and renal function of above patients were informed through telephone or clinic follow-up till February 2010.Long-term survival was analyzed using risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Of the 941 patients after cardiac surgery,275(29.2%)developed AKI and 666(70.8%)did not.Survival was worse in patients with AKI(67.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.01)and was proportional to its severity (AKIN 1,2 and 3 stages:70.7%,62.3%and 58.6%,P<0.01).Although 90.5% of patients had complete renal recovery after AKI at discharge of hospital,they still had an increased risk for death during follow-up compared with patients without AKI (69.6% vs 85.6%,P<0.01).In the Cox proportional hazards regression model,age(HR=2.238),anemia (HR=1.625),prolonged operation time (HR=1.153),AKI severity (HR=1.473)were independent risk factors for long-term prognosis after cardiac surgery.At the end of the follow-up,patients with AKI had statistically higher Scr than non-AKI patients(107.6 μmol/L vs 83.0 μmol/L,P=0.014),and among those AKI patients,34.0%progressed into CKD 3-5 stages,34.8%developed double serum creatinine. Conclusions AKI is a risk factor for the long-term prognosis of cardiac surgery.Patients with complete renal recovery after AKI still has an increased risk for death and poor renal function compared with patients without AKI.

Objective To compare the RIFLE and AKIN diagnosis criteria for acute kidney injury ( AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively evaluated. RIFLE and AKIN criteria were employed for the diagnosis and staging of AKI which occurred 7 d after cardiac surgery. The diagnosis sensitivity and precision for prediction of hospital mortality were compared between these two criteria. Results One thousand and fifty-six patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of AKI after cardiac surgery diagnosed by RIFLE criteria and that diagnosed by AKIN criteria (29.55% vs 31.06%, P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the total hospital mortality and the hospital mortality of each stage of AKI diagnosed by RIFLE criteria and those diagnosed by AKIN criteria ( P > 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the relative risk of hospital mortality for AKI was similar between patients diagnosed by AKIN criteria and those diagnosed by RIFLE criteria. The area under the ROC curve for hospital mortality was 0. 856 for RIFLE and 0.865 for AKIN in all patients (P<0.001). Conclusion Compared to RIFLE criteria, AKIN criteria do not improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and predictive ability of hospital mortality of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the variation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) number and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients ,and discuss the function of EPC in the progression of CVD in MHD. Methods One hundred and fifteen MHD patients over 18 years whose dialysis vintage was over six months from Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled. They were divided into CVD group and non ? CVD group by medical history, electrokardiographie (EKG), cardiac ultrasound, peripheral vascular imaging and cardiovascular imaging. Peripheral blood (5 ml) was collected for detecting EPC number by flow cytometry as CD34/CD133/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) cells. The EPC number between CVD group and non?CVD group was compared. The relationship between the decrease of EPC number and CVD risks in MHD patients was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. In a three?year follow?up, the death and new CVD events of the two groups were compared in order to discuss the relationship between EPC number and adverse events. Results Among 115 MHD patients, the average age was 61.57 ± 12.76, male/female was 71/44, the average dialysis vintage was (86.24 ± 56.31) months, the average Kt/V was 1.69 ± 0.29 and average ultrafiltration volume was (2.48 ± 0.90) L. Forty?four patients in 115 (38.3%) were with concurrent CVD. The EPC number in CVD group was significantly lower than that in non CVD group (P=0.015). The CVD group had higher serum phosphate (P=0.013), higher glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0.001), but serum calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and other indicators had no significant difference between two groups. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.061), history of diabetes (OR=9.796), dialysis vintage (OR=1.015), serum phosphate (OR=3.766), decrease of EPC number (OR=0.909) were the independent impact factors of CVD events in MHD patients. There were 22 patients of the 115 MHD patients had encountered a new CVD event in a three?year follow?up between December 2012 and December 2015, 9 patients from the CVD group and 13 patients from the Non?CVD group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.776). Nine patients from the CVD group and 7 patients from the Non?CVD group died in the follow?up, and there was no significant difference (P=0.111). Seventy?one MHD patients from the non?CVD group were divided into two groups by the median of EPC number. There were 3 patients in the higher EPC number group encountered CVD events and 10 patients in the lower EPC number group encountered CVD events, which had significant difference (P=0.024). Conclusion The decrease of circulating EPC number may be related with CVD events in MHD patients. Even adjusted by age, sex, diabetes, dialysis vintage and serum phosphate, decreased EPC number is still the independent risk factor of CVD events in MHD patients. The decrease of EPC number in MHD patients may be used to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with argon-helium cryoablation in patients with advanced unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsTACE was performed in 35 patients with primary HCC who were admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to June 2010. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the patients received argon-helium cryoablation, followed by a second TACE in 1-2 weeks. The short-term efficacy after treatment was evaluated and the long-term survival was studied by follow-up. Comparison between two groups was made by t test, and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. ResultsThe clinical outcomes of all 35 patients were evaluated. Complete response was observed in 7 patients, partial response in 21 patients, stable disease in 4 patients, and progressive disease in 3 patients. The overall response rate was 80.00%, and the disease control rate was 91.43%. The 2- and 3-year survival rates were 45.6% and 39.4%, respectively. The level of alpha-fetoprotein AFP in patients after the treatment (206.2±48.6 μg/L) was significantly lower than that before the treatment (837.6±216.7 μg/L) (t=2.673, P＜0.05). ConclusionTACE combined with argon-helium cryoablation is a reliable therapeutic approach in treating advanced unresectable primary HCC, and the advantages include minimal invasion, fast recovery, and few complications.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.Methods Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry.A total of 1288 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialysis adequacy index and other biochemical parameters in Shanghai in January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years follow-up.Clinical characteristics and outcome of twice-weekly HD patients were analyzed as compared with thrice-weekly HD patients.Results Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD,the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly shorter HD vintage,smaller body surface area,longer HD session time,higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin but lower weekly Kt/V (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in ultrafiltration volume between two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that both groups had similar two-year survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality.Conclusion It is acceptable for some hemodialys patients with twice-weekly HD,and close monitor of dialysis adequacy and volume status is necessary for this therapy model.

Objective To investigate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgeries. Methods Clinical data of 1056 patients undergoing open heart surgery in Renji Hospital from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate possible pre-,intra-, and post-operative parameters associated with AKI according to AKI Network (AKIN). Results Of the 1056 patients, 328 (31.06%) developed AKI. In-hospital mortality was 4.07% in all discharges while 11.59% in AKI patients (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased age (OR=1.40), pre-operative hyperurieemia (OR=1.97), pre-operative left ventricular insufficiency (OR=2.53), combined surgery (OR=2.79), prolonged operation time (OR=1.43), post-operative circulation volume insufficiency (OR=11.08) were risk factors of AKI. Conclusions AKI is a common complication and associated with increased mortality following cardiac surgery. Increased age, pre-operative hyperuricemia, pre-operative left ventricular insufficiency, combined surgery, prolonged operation time, post-operative circulation volume insufficiency are useful in stratifying risk factors for the development of AKI.

Objective To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post-orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) and its association with prognosis. Methods Data of 28 patients received single OLT in our hospital from 2004 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of AKI was investigated by new acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria. The follow-up was over one year. The prognosis of AKI patients at day 28 and 1 year was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The association between AKI and prognosis was examined. Results A total of 193 patients were enrolled. The average age was (48.07±10.02) years old. The ratio of male to female was 4:1. One hundred and sixteen (60.1%) patients of post-OLT AKI were found, whose AKI stage 1, 2 and 3 were 50.0%, 21.6% and 28.4% respectively. Ten (8.6%) patients required renal replacement therapy (RRT) after OLT. In AKI post-OLT patients, day 28 and 1 year mortality were significantly higher than those in non-AKI patients (15.5% vs 0, 25.9% vs 3.9%, respectively, both P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the 1-year survival rates of AKI stage 1, 2, 3 post-OLT and non-AKl were 84.0%, 81.0%, 42.4% and 90.9%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of non-AKI was significantly higher than that of AKI stage 1, 2, 3. The 1-year survival rate of AKI stage 3 was significantly lower than that of stage 1 and 2. There was no significant difference between AKI stage 1 and 2. Sct at 1 year post-OLT was significantly higher than that of baseline [(88.35±37.15) vs (73.70±33.88) μmol/L, P<0.05). The change of Scr value at 1 year compared to baseline in AKI patients was similar to non-AKI patients. However such change in AKI stage 2 and 3 was higher than that in stage 1. Conclusions The incidence of AKI post-OLT is quite high and associated to the poor prognosis in short and long periods. Renal function may decrease gradually which is associated to the AKI stage pest-OLTI.