Objective To explore the clinical significance of STING in peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrho-sis.Methods Admitted 28 PBC patients hospitalized in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2014 to October 2015.Also enrolled 28 healthy controls.Baseline data and laboratory indicators were extrac-ted,and STING mRNA expression was determined using q-PCR.The correlation between STING and clinical parameters were analyzed.The changes of STING mRNA in 5 followed-up patients with PBC were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy controls,STING mRNA was significantly increased in PBC patients and was increased in patients with severer dis-ease stages (U=0.00,P<0.05).STING was positively correlated with Mayo risk and GGT (R=0.45,R=0.42,P<0.05),and not AST,ALT or ALP (R=0.33,0.21,0.27,P>0.05).After therapy,STING mRNA were significantly re-duced in 5 PBC patients (U=0.00,P<0.05).Conclusion STING may be involved in PBC pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.Methods Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry.A total of 1288 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialysis adequacy index and other biochemical parameters in Shanghai in January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years follow-up.Clinical characteristics and outcome of twice-weekly HD patients were analyzed as compared with thrice-weekly HD patients.Results Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD,the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly shorter HD vintage,smaller body surface area,longer HD session time,higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin but lower weekly Kt/V (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in ultrafiltration volume between two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that both groups had similar two-year survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality.Conclusion It is acceptable for some hemodialys patients with twice-weekly HD,and close monitor of dialysis adequacy and volume status is necessary for this therapy model.

Objective To investigate the association between IL-22 and the pathogenesis of coronary artery atherosclerosis(AS).Methods The relative expression of IL-22 mRNA in PBMC from 30 AS patients and 8 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis was detected by RT-PCR.Serum IL-22 levels of 22 patients without any signs of coronary artery stenosis and 79 AS patients were detected by ELISA.CRL-1730 cells(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were stimulated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at different dosage for 24 h,and the expression of IL-22R1 was detected by flowcytometry.The proliferation ability of CRL-1730 cells treated with IL-22(20 ng/ml) and/or ox-LDL(100 μg/ml)was measured by MTS assay,and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) was detected by RTPCR and ELISA.Results Decreased IL-22 expression in PBMC and serum was observed as worsen of AS.The expression of IL-22R1 in ox-LDL treated CRL-1730 cells was increased in dose dependent manner.OxLDL decreased proliferation ability,as well as bFGF expression and releasing,of CRL-1730 cells.This effect of ox-LDL was partially rescued by IL-22.Conclusion IL-22 may have anti-atherosclerosis effect.This effect may be mediated by regulating bFGF expression and endothelial cells proliferation ability in the presence of IL-22.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of neutrophils/lymphocyte(NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratioof (PLR)peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with PBC and three subgroup patients according to Child-pugh,who were hospitalized in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2010 to July 2015.Enrolled 59 healthy controls.Baseline data and laboratory indicators were extracted,and the correlation between PLR and NLR and disease activity were analyzed.The changes of NLR in 3 pa-tients with PBC were analyzed.3 patients were followed up and their NLRs were recorded before and after therapy.Results Compared with healthy controls,NLR was significantly increased in PBC patients (P<0.05),and not PLR (P>0.05). NLR was positively correlated with TBIL and Mayo risk (R=0.35,0.30,P<0.05),and not ALT,AST or ALP (P>0.05).After therapy,NLRs were significantly reduced in three PBC patients (P<0.05).Conclusion NLR may be a useful biomarker for assessing clinical therapy in PBC patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR)of peripheral blood in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods 54 patients with MG treating from Jan-uary 2013 to December 2013 in Changhai hospital and 57 healthy adults who received check-up were enrolled the study as MG group and control group.WBC count,NLR and PLR were compared between two groups and among different clinical classifications in MG patients.The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was performed to evaluate these indicators’diagnostic value for MG.Results The WBC count,NLR and PLR in MG group were (6.85±0.37)×109/L,2.48±0.19 and 118.79±6.38 respectively,which were significantly higher than (5.87±0.12)×109/L,1.59±0.06 and 102.01±3.45 in control group (P <0.05).The area under the ROC curve of WBC count,NLR and PLR were 0.559,0.717 and 0.581 respectively.PLR of MG patients with type Ⅲ or Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of patients with typeⅠ,Ⅱ(P <0.05).Conclusion NLR and PLR of MG patients increased significantly.The diagnostic value of NLR is higher,and PLR may be associated with the severity of disease.

Objective To explore the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-3(TIM-3)in peripheral blood mononu-clear cells from patients with primary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome(pSS)and its clinical significance.Methods Enrolled 33 pSS pa-tients from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and Changhai Hospital in October 2012 and July 2013.The relative expression of TIM-3 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)in 33 patients and 33 healthy individuals was detected by RT-PCR. The association between TIM-3 mRNA level and clinical characteristics were analyzed,for example,serum RF,CRP and anti-SSA/SSB antibody.1 2 of the pSS patients were followed up and their TIM-3 mRNA level was determined after glucocorti-coid treatment for 2 months.Results The expression of TIM-3 in PBMCs from patients with pSS was increased significantly than that in healthy individuals (0.55±0.12 vs 0.13±0.10,t=15.44,P<0.000 1),but its expression between anti-SSA/anti-SSB positive and negative patients were not statistical difference (0.45±0.21 vs 0.54±0.31;0.46±0.15 vs 0.51± 0.24).The TIM-3 mRNA expression in pSS patients was positively correlated with serum RF and CRP (R=0.558 5,R=0.414 7,P>0.05),but was not associated the anti-SSA/SSB antibody (P=0.298 2).TIM-3 mRNA level was decreased in the patients who were treated with glucocorticoids for 2 months (0.62±0.10 vs 0.38±0.13,t=5.07,P<0.05).Conclusion TIM-3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS and it may be regarded as a biomarker to pSS.

Objective To explore TRAIL expression in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)and its role in the pathogenesis.Methods Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)from twenty-eight patients with ITP and thirty healthy controls were obtained.TRAIL expression was determined using Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Serum TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 were detected using ELISA.Associations between TRAIL expression and clinical parameters were assessed.Results Compared to healthy controls,TRAIL expression was significantly increased in PBMC from patients with ITP (2.80±0.43 vs 1.00±0.24,t=19.72,P<0.001).Compared to the healthy controls,ex-pression of IFN-γand TNF-αfrom ITP patients were increased (52.43±11.04 pg/ml vs 23.26±8.15 pg/ml;69.14± 10.89 pg/ml vs 36.14±13.17 pg/ml,t=10.36~11.50,P<0.001)and expression of IL-10 were decreased (11.18±6.13 pg/ml vs 33.28±9.85 pg/ml,t=10.17,P<0.001)and there was no significant difference in IL-4 expression (35.75± 12.52 pg/ml vs 40.16±14.26 pg/ml,t=1.25,P>0.05).Furthermore,TRAIL expression was positively correlated with serum IFN-γ,TNF-αlevel (r=0.432,0.541,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with IL-10 and PLT (r=-0.424,-0.553,P<0.05).Conclusion Rur results suggest that TRAIL may be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective To study the activation induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)murine model induced by poly I∶C. Methods Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were divided into model and control group randomly, and the former were injected with 5 mg/kg of poly I∶C, the later with PBS. PBC mice were detected 16 weeks after injection. CD4+ T cells isolated from spleen were stimulated in vitro by Con A and anti-CD3, and the apoptosis were determined by Annexin-V and PI staining. The expression of Fas, FasL and TRAIL were assayed by relative quantitative real-time PCR. Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the portal areas of mice in model group were infiltrated with mononuclear cells obviously. The positive rate of serum antimitochondrial antibody(AMA) and the level of alkali phosphatase (ALP) were higher than that in control group (P<0.001). AICD of splenic CD4+ T cells in model group was lower than that of control group (P<0.001). The mRNA of FasL and TRAIL in model mice was down-regulated. Simultaneously, the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was up-regulated in model group. Conclusion These observations suggest that a defect in AICD of auto-reactive TH1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PBC model. Furthermore, this defect in AICD may results from the change of Fas/FasL, TRAIL pathway and the up-regulation of Bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the cell phenotype for T cells in polyI: C induced primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)animal model.Methods 20 female C57BI/6 mice,8 weeks old,were divided into model group and control group randomly. Mice in model group and control group were injected with polyI:C at a dose of 5 ms/ks and PBS,respectively.All mice were acrificed after 16 weeks after injection, and the sections of liver specimen were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin(H.E) staining.Serum AMA and ALP were detected.CD4+,CDs8+ and NKT cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry.The level of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were assayed by EUSA.Results PBC mouse model was developed 16 weeks fter polyI: C injection. Infiltration of lymphocytes in portal area,positive serum AMA and high level of serum ALP were observed.The ratios of CD4+ T cells in model group and control group were(25.45±11.12)% and (26.72±0.63)%,respectively(t=0.314,P>0.05).The ratios of CDs+T cells in two groups were (18.3±0.91)% and (17.8±0.58)%,espectively(t=0.226,P>0.05).No significant change Was found for CD;and CDs+T cells in mice of both groups.However,NKT cells in peripheral blood of two groups were(11.56±5.09)% and (1.26±0.53)%,respectively(t=9.504,P<0.01).The number of NKT cells in model group was more than that of control group significantly.Simultaneously,serum L-4 and IFN·γ in mice of model group were also higher than that of control group.IL4 in senlm of two groups were (22.19±2.31)pg/ml and(8.72±0.87)pg/ml,respectively(t=58.06,P<0.01).IFN-γ in serum of two groups were(3.34±0.76)ng/ml and(1.14±0.21)ng/ml,respectively(t=23.31,P<0.01).Conclusions NKT cells increase greatly in eripheral blood of polyI:C induced PBC mouse model.NKT cells may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PBC.

Objective To investigate the expression of Circulating tumor cells ( CTCs ) in peripheral blood cells of patients with different stages of Small-Cell Lung Cancer ( SCLC) ,and to evaluate its significance in early diagnosis of lung cancer metastasis.Methods Thirty-five patients with SCLC ( 12 in limited stage and 23 in extensive stage ) and 25 patients with benign lung disease were recruited at the Shanghai Changhai Hospital from April 2011 to April 2013.Samples were prepared from 7.5 ml peripheral venous blood and collected in CellSave tubes.The CTC counts were determined using CellTracks AutoPrep fluorescence scanning system according to the manufacturers′instructions.The expression of CTCs in peripheral blood of SCLC patients and benign lung disease patients were analyzed.The expression of CTCs in different stages of SCLC was measured and compared.Furthermore, samples were prepared from 2 ml peripheral venous blood by centrifugation.The serum levels of NSE Neuron specific enolase were measured.The relationship between the expression of CTC and NSE was analyzed.Results CTCs positive rates in SCLC were significantly higher than in benign lung disease controls [ Positive rates of CTC≥1 were 80.0%and 12.0%(χ2 =27.003,P<0.000 1),CTC≥5 were 51.4%and 0 (χ2 =18.367,P<0.000 1), CTC≥10 were 34.3%and 0(χ2 =10.714,P<0.001),CTC≥50 were 17.1 and 0(P=0.036,P<0.05), respectively ].CTCs positive rates in SCLC extensive stage were significantly higher than limited-stage [Positive rates of CTC≥1 were 58.3% and 91.3%(P=0.033,P<0.05), CTC≥5 were 65.2% and 25.0%(P=0.035,P<0.05), respectively].The expression of CTCs was significantly correlated with NSE (r=0.743 7, P<0.000 1).Conclusion The expression of CTC in SCLC patients is significantly higher than those in control group , and is closely related to clinical stages , which may provide new clues to early predicting of SCLC metastasis and deterioration.