Intracranial hypotension syndrome is easily underestimated by doctors and patients,but its occurrence is not infrequent.Primary intracranial hypotension is usually associated with cerebral blood vessel disturbance and infections.Secondary intracranial hypotension is usually secondary to iatrogenic and other diseases or trauma.The main manifestation of intracranial hypotension syndrome is postural headache which may be diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurement during lumber puncture.The headache can disappear by posture adjustment in most children,or by water intake or intravenous administration of hypotonic (0.5％)or saline in serious case.Prognosis is good and precaution is most important for all.

Objective Analysis of the results through nine kinds of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in children with respiratory tract infection test ,and then investigate infant′s characteristics about gender ,geographical and seasonal ,provide a reference for clinical di‐agnosis .Methods Firstly ,collection the 2 736 children′s blood in our hospital and centrifuged serum ,use indirect immunofluores‐cence (ILF) method and IgM antibody reagents to detect Legionella pneumophlia 1(LP1) ,Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) ,Coxiella burnetii(COX) ,Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP) ,Adenovirus(ADV) ,Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) ,Influenza A virus(IFA) ,Influ‐enza B virus(IFB) ,Parainfluenza virus(PIV) and record the children′s information ever months ,and use the card square test to a‐nalysis .Results A total of 2 736 cases of children were detected in 918 cases (33 .5% ) with IgM antibodies ,the detection rate in descending order MP ,FluB ,PIV ,ADV ,RSV ,COX ,FluX ,CP and LP1 ,124 cases of mixed infection ,it′s 13 .51% of the total num‐ber of infections .The total number of infections in men positive 21 .02% ,12 .54% for women ,with statistical significance (P<0 . 05) ,between different sexes .The highest in age groups was the 13 years old group detection rate was 13 .49% ,followed by 35 years old group(7 .79% ) ,and there was a significant difference(P<0 .05) between the groups .The analyzed about seasonal viral infection in children ,the winter(14 .07% ) and spring(7 .79% ) higher incidence ,and prevalence of each season statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Children in the region are mostly M P pathogen infection ,and exist differences in seasonal ,gender and age .

Objective To summarize and analyze the intraoperative and postoperative complications arising from the Anderson-Hynes transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) procedure in the treatment of patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).Methods There were 154 consecutive patients who underwent transperitoneal LP between November 2011 and December 2015.These patients' data were retrospectively analyzed for intraoperative and postoperative complications.All the 154 patients were primary UPJO.Of the 154 patients,124 (80.7％) were males and 30 (19.3％) were females,114(74.0％) were found in the left side,32(21.0％)were found in the right side,while 8 (5.0％)were found in bilateral.The mean age was 3.9 years old(ranged 8-180 months).28 patients(18.2％) have the history of urological infection or flank pain.Results Mean operative time was 89 minutes (ranged 42-330 min).The mean blood loss was 7.5ml (ranged 2-50 ml),and no blood transfusions were necessary intra-and post-operatively.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 days (ranged 3-28 days).The mean follow-up duration was 28 months (ranged 6-54 months).2 laparoscopic surgeries were converted into open surgeries.One patient suffered with repeated infection after removing the double J stent two months postoperatively.The ultrasound and intravenous urography showed the more severe obstruction compared to that before surgery.The second operation was performed and resolved this problem.The overall success rate was 98％.All 28 patients,who has preoperative symptoms,reported a complete resolution of symptoms after the procedure.Intraoperative complication occurred in 11 (7.1％) patients,including injury of parapyelic vessel while in 3 (1.9％),the misplacement of the Double-J stent in 6 (3.8％),conversion to laparotomy in 2(1.3％).The postoperative complications occurred in 24(15.6％) patients,including urine leakage in 10(6.5％),infectious urinoma in 7 (4.5％),infection after removing the Double-J in 4 (2.6％),temporary intestinal obstruction,recurrent UPJO were in 1 (0.6％)respectively.Conclusions Our retrospective analysis confirmed that LP is an effective and safe procedure.The most common intraoperative complications are difficulty in double-J stent insertion.The most common postoperative complication is urine leakage.

Objective To investigate the effect of application of 3D printing technology in the rhinoplastic prothesis with the help of the laser scanning 3D technology.Methods Before the rhinoplastic prothesis,we got the whole facial morphology of patients by laser scanning technology,and printed out the facial model which was 1:1 with the real and then discussed with patients to confirm the ideal nose three-dimensional effect.In the process of operation,doctors were guided by the data for the procedure.Results Among 33 patients who were followed up postoperatively,only one patient's nosal tip dropped,then were repaired with her ear cartilage,both of us found satisfactory effect after repair,and without postoperative complications.The rest 32 patients were satisfied with their nose.Conclusions The laser scanning 3D technology is worth trying and using in plastic surgery.

Objective: To analyze the effects of treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue with N 0. Methods: 145 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue with N 0 were retrospectively reviewed.22 cases underwent resection of primary tumor without elective neck dissection (END) (control group).123 cases underwent resection of primary tumor with END (END group).Follow-up was carried out for more than 3 years or till the death of patients.Results:Lymph node metastases was indentified in 33 patients in END group after operation and in 4 in control gruop during follow-up.The total occult lymph node metastases was found in 25.52% of the patients.4 (18.18%) died from neck or lung metastasis in control group and 7 (5.69%) in END group (P

Employing resveratrol as template molecule, acrylamide as functional monomer and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as cross-linkers, a core-shell resveratrol imprinted microspheres was prepared based on the surface of SiO_2 with a surface imprinting technique.The molecularly imprinted microsphere was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the results showed that the surface grafting of molecularly imprinted polymer-shell particle on SiO_2 was successful and the particles were evenly distributed.High performance liquid chromatography was also used to investigate the imprinted microsphere adsorption per formance, and the results showed that the imprinted microsphere exhibited good recognition performance.The maximum adsorption capacities were Q_(maxl)=9.087 mg/g and Q_(max2)= 13.80 mg/g by the model of Scatchard analysis.The imprinted micospheres was applied to separate resveratrol from the extraction of rhizoma polygoni cuspidate successfully.

Objective To assess the value of functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU)for the unilateral renal function in children with hydronephrosis.Methods Fourteen children with congenital hydronephrosis (unilateral hydronephrosis in 1 2 cases,bilateral hydronephrosis in 2 cases)examined by fMRU in Beijing Children′s Hospital,Capital Medical University,were enrolled.In 7 patients of them,diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS)was per-formed within 1 0 days before fMRU examination.The following parameters in fMRU,as renal parenchymal volume,volu-metric differential renal function (vDRF),Patlak,Patlak differential renal function (pDRF),index of glomerular filtra-tion rate (GFR)and differential renal function based on index of GFR (gDRF),were calculated and analyzed.Statisti-cal analysis was performed by using SPSS 1 3.0.Results In 7 cases whose fMRU and DRS were examined,the indexes of GFR obtained from fMRU and GFR from DRS were well correlated (r =0.892,P <0.001 )in 1 4 kidneys.The gDRF determined by 2 methods on the left kidneys[the average was(46.80 ±1 9.20)% and(45.1 8 ±20.29)%,respective-ly]had no significant difference (t =0.051 6,P =0.624),which was also highly correlated (r =0.91 2,P =0.004). In 1 2 cases with unilateral hydronephrosis,vDRF,pDRF,index of GFR and gDRF in hydronephrotic side[(43.54 ± 9.61 )%,(42.80 ±1 0.83)%,(38.56 ±29.23)mL/min,(38.37 ±1 3.61 )%]were all less than those in the con-tralateral side[(56.46 ±9.61 )%,(57.1 9 ±1 0.83)%,(57.02 ±26.22)mL/min,(61 .63 ±1 3.61 )%](t =2.326, 2.300,2.422,2.960;P =0.040,0.042,0.034,0.01 3).However,there was no statistical difference in both renal pa-renchymal volume and Patlak between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral side kidneys(t =1 .765,1 .450;P =0.1 05,0.1 75).Conclusions fMRU is a very valuable examination method in evaluating single kidney function in children with congenital hydronephrosis,and able to demonstrate that gDRF,indexes of GFR,vDRF and pDRF decrease in the hydronephrotic kidney.

Objective To compare the treatment efficacy of severe hypospadias between two-stage urethral plate reconstruction procedure and two-stage tubularized transverse preputial island flap procedure. Methods From 2010 December to 2014 December, we retrospectively analyzed 82 cases with severe hypospadias, using two-stage urethral plate reconstruction and two-stage tubularized transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty, respectively.Their mean age in the first operation was 2.4 years, ranged from 2 to 3 years.Hypospadias were penoscrotal type in 32 cases, perineal type in 50 cases.In group A, 42 cases, including penoscrotal type in 15 cases, perineal type in 27 cases, with urethral plate reconstruction procedure underwent two-stage urethroplasty.The transected ventral penile urethral plate and to strip the ventral fibrous tissue were needed in correction of chordee of penis.The patients in group A were underwent the second urethroplasty with urethral plate reconstruction procedure 6-12 months later.In group B, 40 cases,including penoscrotal type in 17 cases, perineal type in 23 cases, who underwent one stage operation in the correction of chordee of penis, only with tubularized preputial island flap forming the part of the urethra.The patients in group B were underwent the second urethroplasty 6 ~12 months later.Results Patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years, mean 3.5 years.No recurrence of penis chordee was noticed.In group A, 6 cases (14.3%) had postoperative fistula.The second fistula repairing was perform 6 to 12 months after the second stage operation.However, still 3 cases were noticed the fistula recurrence, which was cured after the fourth operation.In group B, 3 cases (7.5%) developed fistula, which appeared in the second urethroplasty (P<0.01).They were all treated after the second repairing procedure.In group A, 4 cases were noticed urethral stricture, the urethral stricture rate was 9.5%.The stricture occurred 1 to 3 months after the second operation.After dilation and indwelling catheter, 3 cases resolved the problem. Another case still found the recurrence after 2 months, which the one stage urethral plication and second urethral reconstruction were considered to treat this patient.In group B, 1 cases of urethral stricture, the urethral stricture rate was 2.5%(P<0.01).After dilation and indwelling catheter, this case resolved the problem.In group A, 3 cases had urethral diverticulum, which occurred at a rate of 7.1%, whereas without urethral diverticulum occurred in group B (P<0.01).Those patient with urethral diverticulum accepted the diverticulum removing procedure 3 to 6 months after the second stage procedure.One case was found the urethral fistula, which was treated one year later.The success rate of operation was 69.0%in group A, the success rate of the operation was 90.0%in group B.The difference of the success rate between two groups was statistically significant ( P <0.01 ) . Conclusions With respect to two-stage urethral plate reconstruction procedure in treatment of severe hypospadias, there were the low complication rates of postoperative urinary fistula, urethral stricture and diverticulum in two-stage tubularized transverse preputial island flap procedure.Urethral meatus could be done at the glans of the penis.In addition, the two-stage tubularized transverse preputial island flap procedure provides a good opportunity to practice to master complex hypospadias operation.

Objective To summarize the management of immature testicular teratomas in children.Methods The clinical data of 19 children (age between 16 days to 13 months) with immature testicular teratomas were retrospectively analyzed.There were 10 cases in left and 9 cases in right side.The main presentation was painless scrotal mass.The size of the tumor was 1.5 cm × 1.2 cm × 0.5 cm-6.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 4.5 cm.Abnormal alpha fetopmtein (AFP)concentrations were detected in 17 patients before surgery.Results Testis-sparing surgeries were done in 11 patients,and the other 8 patients underwent testicle resection because of tumor severely invading testis.Fifteen cases were followed up for 1-10 years.All of them were alive.Conclusions Immature testicular teratomas was rare and almost presenting in children younger than 1 year old.The biological behavior of immature testicular teratomas in children was benign.Testicular-sparing surgery was possible.Close follow-up should be done postoperatively.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of serum cystatin C (sCys C),urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(uNGAL) and interleukin-18 (uIL-18)in early diagnosis of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Sepsis) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and difference post-replacement volume in CRRT.Methods Total of 71 patients admitted to the intensive care unit during from July 2012 to April 2016 were included in the current prospective study.The patients were assigned into the CRRT and non-CRRT groups based on whether the patients were accepted the CRRT.sCys C,uNGAL,uIL-18,serum creatine,blood urea nitrogen and leukocyte were measured on the day of admission.We collected blood and urinary samples at different time points (12h,24h)in order to measure sCys C,uNGAL,uIL-18 when the patients accepted difference post-replacement volume(2L/h and 4L/h) in CRRT.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether sCysC,uNGAL and uIL-18 levels were independent predictors of Sepsis complicated with AKI.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the ROC curve(AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive strength of sCys C,hNGAL and uIL-18.Results Compared to the Non-CRRT subjects,the age,the gender,Scr,BUN,WBC in the subjects of the CRRT group were of no significant diffience,but the levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05).sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 achieved the AUC of 0.905(95％CI:0.831-0.979,P=0.000),0.926(95％CI:0.862-0.991,P=0.000),0.897(95％CI:0.827 -0.967,P =0.000),respectively,for predicting the development of Sepsis complicated with AKI.No significant differences were noted between 2L/h group with 4L/h group at the beginning of CRRT.The levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 decreased significantly in 2L/h and 4L/h groups at different time points (12h,24h) during CRRT.The levels of sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 in 4L/h group had decreased more significantly than 2L/h group at the 24h time point.Conclusion The authors consider that sCys C,uNGAL and uIL-18 are both independent predictors of Sepsis complicated with AKI in CRRT.uNGAL has a better predictive value in early prediction of Sepsis complicated with AKI in CRRT.There was more significant treatment effect in the post-replacement volume of 4L/h after 24h treatment in CRRT.