Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them. Methods: To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results: The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4). Conclusion Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.

Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them. Methods: To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results: The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4). Conclusion Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.

Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them. Methods: To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results: The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4). Conclusion Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.

Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them. Methods: To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results: The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4). Conclusion Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.

Objective: Previous studies have discovered a correlation between cigarette smoking and cortical thickness and surface area, but the causal relationship remains unclear. The objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the causal association between them. Methods: To derive summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cortical thickness, surface area, and four smoking behaviors: 1) age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk); 2) smoking initiation (SmkInit); 3) smoking cessation (SmkCes); 4) cigarettes per day (CigDay). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was employed to examine genetic association analysis. Furthermore, for traits with significant genetic associations, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results: The LDSC analysis revealed nominal genetic correlations between AgeSmk and right precentral surface area, left caudal anterior cingulate surface area, left cuneus surface area, left inferior parietal surface area, and right caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as between CigDay and left caudal middle frontal surface area, between SmkCes and left entorhinal thickness, and between SmkInit and left rostral anterior cingulate surface area, right rostral anterior cingulate thickness, and right superior frontal thickness (rg=-0.36–0.29, p<0.05). MR analysis showed a unidirectional causal association between left caudal middle frontal surface area and CigDay (βIVW=0.056, pBonferroni=2×10-4). Conclusion Left caudal middle frontal surface area has the potential to serve as a significant predictor of smoking behavior.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of milk processing method on the content of esculentoside A and hepatotoxicity in Mongolian medicine Phytolacca acinosa. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection was used to determine the content of esculentoside A in raw P. acinosa， milk-soaked P. acinosa and milk-boiled P. acinosa. The rats were randomly divided into normal group， raw P. acinosa group， milk-soaked P. acinosa group and milk-boiled P. acinosa group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in the remaining groups were administered corresponding medicinal solutions at a dose of 0.8 g/kg once daily for 15 consecutive days. After the last administration， the levels of biochemical markers [alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）] and inflammatory factors [interleukin-2 （IL- 2）， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）] in plasma of rats， as well as the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in liver tissue， were determined. The pathological changes of liver tissue in rats were observed. RESULTS The contents of esculentoside A in raw P. acinosa， milk-soaked P. acinosa and milk-boiled P. acinosa were 6.46-6.59， 4.79-4.89， 5.04-5.14 mg/g， respectively. Compared with the normal group， the plasma levels of ALT， AST， IL-2 and TNF-α in rats were increased significantly in the raw P. acinosa group （P＜0.05）， while the level of SOD in liver tissue was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； scattered punctate necrotic foci were observed within the hepatic lobules， and hepatocytes exhibited slight vacuolar degeneration. Compared with the raw P. acinosa group， the levels of ALT and AST in plasma of rats and the level of MDA in liver tissue were all decreased significantly in the milk-soaked P. acinosa group and the milk-boiled P. acinosa group （P＜0.05）， while the level of SOD in liver tissue was increased significantly （P＜0.05）. The plasma level of TNF-α in the rats of the milk-soaked P. acinosa group and the plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in the rats of the milk-boiled P. acinosa group were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； additionally， the degree of liver injury was markedly alleviated in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The content of esculentoside A and hepatotoxicity both decrease after processing Mongolian medicine P. acinosa using the milk processing method.

Objective:To identify additional loci associated with depression and the hippocampus (HIP) through genome-wide association study.Methods:The depression-related genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta summary data was downloaded from the official website of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, which had involved 170 756 cases and 329 443 controls. The left and right hippocampal volume GWAS data sets were downloaded from the UK Biobank, which involved 33 224 participants. The conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) was used to identify novel genetic loci for depression and left and right hippocampal volumes, and a conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) was used to evaluate the enrichment of pleiotropic loci between depression and left and right hippocampal volumes.Results:Respectively, 7, 13, and 12 new loci have been associated with depression, left hippocampal volume and right hippocampal volume, with a significant threshold of condFDR < 0.01. A site of rs1267073 locus was found to be shared by the depression and right hippocampal volume with a threshold of conjFDR < 0.01.Conclusion:Above findings have provided more insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the volume of hippocampus and the risk for depression. The results may also provide evidence for future clinical trials for treating depression.

The homogeneous management of outpatient services at public hospitals with multi-campus is the foundation for promoting high-quality development of hospitals. Since 2013, a large general hospital had implemented a practice of multi-campus homogeneous management of outpatient services based on the hospital′s integrated organizational structure and management system, addressing such issues as weak outpatient service capabilities in the early stages of new campus construction, lack of homogenization in management system implementation, and poor communication between cross hospital services and information. An integrated post management mode was established with multi-post service integration, cross-post personnel flow and unified job standard. An integrated outpatient quality management system was created by the strategy of " one standard" system management, " one platform" service handling, integrated quality monitoring and management, and multi-aspect service experience improvement. The integration of vertical management and flat management were promoted through the committee system, three-level management system, and functional groups. At the same time, this management practice actively leveraged the advantages of the hospital to innovate services, and promoted the interconnection of outpatient service information across hospital areas, to integrate outpatient service positions, work, services, and management across multi campuses. The satisfaction rate of outpatient patients, the pass rate of outpatient medical records, and the on-time visit rate of outpatient physicians had increased from 91.96分, 95.38%, and 91.62% in 2019 to 93.75分, 98.47%, and 93.68% in 2022, as well as the stopping rate of expert outpatient services had decreased from 5.26% to 1.86%. This practice of homogeneous management had achieved good results, so as to provide references for other hospitals to carry out homogeneous management of outpatient services in their campuses.

Objective: To investigate the role of LncRNA RP11-20 G6.3 and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway in airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods: The wild-type(WT) and TLR4 knock out(KO) C57 BL/6 male mice were used to construct COPD model. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway protein was analyzed by Western blot; the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). The differentially expressed LncRNAs were identified by RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis,and the competing endogenous RNAs( ceRNA) networks were predicted using RNAhybrid. Luciferase reporter was used to explore relationships between genes. Results: In COPD model, compared with WT mice, the lung inflammation of TLR4-/-mice was significantly reduced,the expression of NF-κB related protein,the levels of inflammatory factors( IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α) in BALF and Masson trichromatic staining area significantly decreased in TLR4-/-mice. RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis confirmed that RP11-20G6. 3 was one of the differentially expressed LncRNA. RP11-20G6. 3 was up-regulated in lung tissue of COPD patients,and its expression was significantly correlated with FEV1( ρ = 0. 549,P = 0. 047). RP11-20G6. 3 plasmid intervention aggravated the inflammation of lung tissue in TLR4-/-COPD mice,and increased the Masson tricolor area around bronchi and the levels of inflammatory factors( IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α) in BALF. Luciferase reporter gene analysis showed that RP11-20G6. 3 acted as a ceRNA for miR-34c-5p in COPD,and sponges the latter to upregulate Col1a1. Conclusion TLR4/NF-κB relays the damage signals following COPD and activates the downstream RP11-20G6. 3/miR-34c-5p/Col1a1 ceRNA network which triggers airway inflammation and remodeling.

Objective: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. Results: Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. Conclusion It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.