There is a small amount of liquid in healthy people's abdomen,but excessive liquid in abdomen has been called peritoneal effusion or ascites.Ascites is a common clinical sign.Though many causes can lead to ascites,cirrhosis,malignancy and tuberculosis are more common.According to different causes and physical and chemical properties,ascites can be divided into extravasate and transudate.It is important to distinguish between benign and malignant ascites,but sometimes the differential diagnosis is difficult.In this paper,the characteristics of the ascites,the procedure of diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Objective To study the changes of colonic motility in chronic stress-induced depression rat model,the association between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and depression and its effects on contraction of colonic smooth muscle in vitro.MethodsThere were 30 healthy adult Wistar rats,of which chronic stress-induced depression model was created in 15 rats and the other 15 rats were in control group.The ratio of sugar consumption to body weight and the percentage of sugar preference were tested in these two rats groups through sugar preference experiments.The behavioral changes of two rats groups were detected by open field test.Colonic motility was evaluated with simulated fecal discharge experiment,and the serum IL-6 level was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).IL-6 in colon tissue at mRNA level was determined by RT-PCR.The contraction ability of rat colonic smooth muscle was observed.The colonic smooth muscle of control group was treated with different concentration of IL-6,the effects of IL-6 on normal colonic smooth muscle and its response to acetylcholine (Ach) were evaluated.Results In model group,the ratio of sugar consumption to body weight was 0.12±0.03,the percentage of sugar preference was 16.17％ ±2.61 ％,total walking distance was (741.54 ± 341.10) cm and total times of upright was 15.69 ± 8.00,which were all significantly lower than those of control group (0.18±0.02,25.54 ％ ± 2.32 ％,1336.20 cm±698.80 cm and 24.87±7.90,respectively) (P=0.041,0.044,0.002 and 0.001).It took (109.78±48.00) min for defecating in model group,which was significantly longer than that of control group (28.00±11.10) min (P=0.002).The IL-6 levels were high both in the serum and colon tissue of model group rats.The response of colonic smooth muscle to Ach was weaker in model group than that of control group (P=0.035).In model group,there were no significant difference in the response of colonic smooth muscle to IL-6 at 200,500 and 1000 pg/ml (P =0.935、0.825、0.766 ).After Ach added,there was significant difference in the response to Ach between IL-6 at 500,1000 pg/ml (R=1.1480±0.1000 and 1.1361±0.1500) and control group only added with Ach (R=1.6100±0.4500) (P=0.000 and 0.004).ConclusionIL-6 level increase in chronic stress-induced depression rat model and causes smooth muscle contraction disorder through reducing the sensitivity of intestinal smooth muscle to Ach.

AIM To clarify the mechanism of berberine on mobility diarrhea by investigating the effects of berberine on calcium-activated potassium current I K(Ca) and delayed-rectifier potassium channel current I K(V) of guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells. METHODS Single guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells was isolated by collagenase; The effects of berberine on I K(Ca) and I K(V) were detected by using patch clamp technique, under the conventional whole cell patch clamp mode. RESULTS 10, 50, 100 ?mol?L -1 berberine inhibited I K(Ca) of guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells significantly (P

Objective To investigate the effects of serotonin(5-HT) on the ionic channels currents and membrane potentials of single guinea pig proximate colon myocytes. Methods Cell images before and after contraction were captured and analyzed with an imag e analysis software. Channels currents, action potential (AP) and resting potent ial (RP) were recorded with an EPC-9 amplifier. Results The direct actions of 10 ?mol/L 5-HT to myocytes resulted in followin g effects: Firstly, the exogenous stimulated peak values of AP reduced to 60%?7 .3%(n=7,P

AIM To investigate the effects of PLC on ultrastructure of platelets. METHODS The effects of PLC on ADP induced platelet aggre-gation were detected by tubidmetry; the ultrastru-cture changes of platelet were analyzed by electron microscope. RESULTS The rate of PLC inhibited significantly platelet aggregation by ADP induced is 86 03%?12 06% and 82 47%?5 49%. Pseudopodia can inhibit by 0 5 U PLC, at this group increase in the number of the granules associated with enhanced intensities of their electron densities and smaller dilated canalicular system. compared with normal saline group. In the 2 5 U PLC group the platelet morphology and ultrastructure approach blank group. The platelet is very smooth. PLC can inhibit producing pseudopodia-like process and the releasing of granules. Dilated canalicular system is similar to blank group, But it was different to normal group. CONCLUSION It's showed that PLC can significantly inhibit platelet aggregation and ultrastructural changes.

Aim To study the effect of PLC on rabbit and human platelet actin polymerization, and then to explore the mechanism of PLC anti-aggregation to platelet. Methods Platelets of rabbit and human were treated with PSS, ASA and different doses of PLC respectively and then were extracted by Triton abstraction. The relative concentration of actin of differently treated platelets induced by ADP was determined by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometre. Results For rabbit platelets were treated with PSS, the relative concentration of actin determined at static state was 1.682?0.319; when the platelets were treated with ASA 668 ?mol?L -1,PLC 5,10,15,20 and 25 U?ml -1, the relative concentration of actin determined at activated state induced by ADP was 2.450?0.562,1.089?0.322,1.727?0.442,1.450?0.324,1.161?0.306, 0.857?0.242 and 0.692?0.187 respectively. Compared with PSS, inhibition rates (%) of ASA 668 ?mol?L -1, PLC 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 U?ml -1 to the relative concentration of actin were 55.55,29.51, 40.82,52.61, 65.02,71.76 respectively.For human platelets were treated with PSS, the relative concentration of actin determined at static state was 1.358?0.376; when the platelets were treated with ASA 668 ?mol?L -1,PLC 5,10,15,20 and 25 U?ml -1, the relative concentration of actin determined at activated state induced by ADP was 2.445?0.750, 1.096?0.344, 1.705?0.507,1.437?0.416, 1.165?0.355, 0.845?0.257 and 0.679?0.198 respectively. Compared with PSS, inhibition rates (%) of ASA 668 ?mol?L -1, PLC 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 U?ml -1 to the relative concentration of actin were 55.17,30.27, 41.23,52.35, 65.44, 72.23 respectively. Conclusion PLC has significant effects on actin polymerization of rabbit and healthy human platelets (P

Objective To detect the location of histamine in peripheral sympathetic nerves of guinea pig. Methods Histidine decarboxylase mRNA was detected using in situ hybridization histochemistry with specific oligonucleotide probe,while histamine and tyrosine hydroxylase were detected using double labeled immunohistochemistry with anti-histamine antibody and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody in the superior cervical ganglia of guinea pig. Results The histidine decarboxylase mRNA hybridization signal were detected in both of large and small cells.The TH immunoreactive substance distributed in cytoplasm steadly,but lacked in the nuclei,while the histamine immunoreactive substance distributed in cytoplasm nearby the plasmalemma.After chemical destroy of the guinea pig SCG′s neuron with 6-OHDA,the immunoreactive materials were hardly detected.Conclusion Because the histidine decarboxylase is the only enzyme which catalyzes histidine into histamine,histamine may be synthesized and coexisted with monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the superior cervical ganglia of guinea pig.

AIM To study the effects of progesterone on contractile activity of smooth muscle stripes and the large conduction Ca 2+ activated K + currents (BK Ca ) of single colonic myocytes in female guinea pig proximal colons METHODS Stripes and single cells were separated acutely from guinea pig proximal colon Contractions of stripes were measured by isonic transducer, and Ca 2+ activated K + currents were recorded with an Axopatch 1D amplifier under conventional whole cell patterns RESULTS 64 8 ?mol?L -1 progesterone produced longitudinal stripes significantly re laxation(0 1792 g?0 0873 g, n =6, P

AIM To investigate the antiplatelet effect of PLC by de termining the concentration of TXB 2, 6-keto-PGF 1? and bleeding time( BT). METHODS TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1? were detected by ra dioimmunity kit. Bleeding time were measured by routine methods. RESULTS Six doses of PLC can prolong BT significantly(P0 05). The inhibition on TXB 2 generation, of PLC 60 0～ 1 000 U?kg -1 with ADP revulsant, PLC 800～1000 U?kg -1 with AA revulsant and PLC 1 000 U?kg -1 with Collagen revulsant, is more significant than ASA (P