OBJECTIVE To understand the status of sterilization in our hospital to provide the evidence for control of nosocomial infections.METHODS The quality of air sterilization,disinfectant liquid in use,the effect of autoclave sterilization,staff's hands and the object′s surface in 29 clinical departments of the hospital were monitored.RESULTS In 2006,the qualification rate of air sterilization was 70.74%.The qualification rate of disinfectant liquid and autoclave sterilization were 88.03% and 93.71%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS We should strengthen the monitoring of hospital sterilization,apply monitoring data reasonably and discover all kinds of risks for nosocomial infections in time to decrease the incidence rate of nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVE To study the constituent ratio and drug resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to draft preventive and control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiration secretion of 354 patients infected with Gram-negative bacilli were cultured by routine methods.Disk diffusion test was used to analyze drug resistance.RESULTS The isolating rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25.7%) was the highest.Then was Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounted for 21.5%.Except for Haemophilus influenzae,the other Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to the routine drugs in different degrees.The detection rate of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producers in K.pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were 38.2% and 36.7%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is very necessary for clinical microbiology department to monitor pathogens to provide the scientific evidence for clinical usage of the antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To study drug-resistance status of nosocomial infections caused by coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS)to offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics.METHODS CNS were all identified by VITEK32 system.The drug suspectivity was tested by K-B method.The results were judged according to NCCLS/CLSI2004.RESULTS Among 258 strains of CNS,111 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus ranked the top,accounting for 43.0% and followed by 98 strains of S.epidermidis(38.0%).The isolating rate of meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus(MRCNS)was 51.9%(134/258).The drug-resistance rate of MRCNS was higher obviously than that of methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococcus(MSCNS).CONCLUSIONS CNS has been one of the important pathogens of nosocomial infections.MRCNS with higher isolating rate showed multi-drug resistance.The glycopeptide antibiotics are the first choice to cure MRCNS infections.

Objective To study the cryopreservation technique of Dioscorea opposita germplasm resources by vitrification. Methods Stems with buds of B# D. opposita germplasm were used as materials for cryopreservation by vitrification and the survival rates were examined by culture method in order to optimize a cryopresevation by vitrification technical system for D. opposita germplasm. Results A best procedure of cryopresevation by vitrification was as below: At first, the aseptic plantlets of stems with buds of B# D. opposita subcultured in vitro for 60 d were treated at 4 ℃ for 7 d. The stems with buds of D opposita about 1-1.5 cm in length were cut and precultured at 4 ℃ for 2 d in 5% sucrose and 3% mannose media, they were dehydrated with 60% vitrification solution (PVS_1: 22% glycerol+13% glycol+13% polyethyleneglycol+10% dimethyl sulfoxide) at 0 ℃ for 60 min and then dehydrated with 100% vitrification solution at 0 ℃ for 60 min. At last, the stems were immersed immediately into liquid nitrogen directly and conserved for 24 h. After rapidly thawing in a water bath at 37 ℃, the stems were washed four times with MS medium supplemented with 7% sucrose and 10 min each time, then transferred and re-cultured on the MS medium supplemented with KT 2 mg/L and NAA 0.02 mg/L. The survival rate was up to 75%. The regenerated plantlets of D. opposita showed no more difference than the normal plantlets in morphology. Conclusion This test sets up successfully a cryopresevation by vitrification system technique for D. opposita germplasm, which provides an effective way for long-lasting conservation in vitro of D. opposita germplasm resources.

Based on the analysis of the existing medical service process,the paper takespatient centered as the ultimate objective,and transforms the health service process from the view of informatization including smart hospital,regional health and family health processes.The design includes the health service modes of smart hospital,family health and regional health sub-modules,and provides ideas for the achievement of wisdom medical in the future.

Objective To explore biological effects of up-regulated expression of transfected FOLR1 gene on SKOV3 cell lines following action by cisplatin(DDP).Methods Three groups of cells originated from the same SKOV3 cell line were used in this research,including the SKOV3 cell line (blank control),the cell line transfected with lentiviral pWPI plasmid (no-load control) and the cell line transfected with FOLR1 gene via lentiviral pWPI plasmid (experimental group).Next,the mRNA and protein expression of FOLR1 gene in the three groups were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot,respectively.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to analysis cells growth curve and identify their sensitivity to cisplatin,and their half inhibition concentration (IC5o) values were calculated.Based on the IC50 value (3.6 μg/ml) in the experimental group,different levels of cisplatin concentration (0.5 × IC50,1 × IC50,2 × IC50,respectively) were administered to the three groups of cells,and the inhibition rates,apoptosis rates as well as apoptosis proportion of each group after 24,48,72 hours were further recorded.Finally,the residual cisplatin concentrations in the three group cells acted successively by 1 × IC50 cisplatin for 48 hours were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).P value less than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant.Results RT-PCR and western blot detection showed that stable mRNA and protein expression of the FOLR1 gene in the experimental group while the other two groups were not.MTT assay demonstrated that higher cell growth rate,sensitivity to cisplatin(IC50 =3.6 μg/ml) and inhibition rate in the experimental group compared with those in the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05),which showed no significance in intergroup comparison(P ＞ 0.05).Flow cytometry showed apoptosis rates among three groups increased with higher cisplatin concentrations and longer action duration in dosage-time dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),and the proportion of S phase cells increased with higher cisplatin concentration in dosage-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05) ; for the same concentration and duration,the experimental group showed significantly different apoptosis rates and S phase cells compared with the other two groups,which demonstrated no significance in intergroup comparison (P ＞ 0.05).After action by cisplatin(3.6 μg/ml) for 48 hours,HPLC showed significantly higher residual cisplatin concentration (2.60±0.21) μg/106 cell counts in experimental group than those in no-load control group (1.49 ±0.12) μg/106 cell counts and blank control group (1.54 ± 0.11)xg/106 cell counts,respectively (P ＜0.05),and the comparison within the latter two groups showed no significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of the transfected FOLR1 gene in SKOV3 cells may be associated with higher sensitivity to cisplatin,residual cisplatin concentration and higher proportion of S phase cells,and tended to inhibit cancer cells growth and induce apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistance status in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) in Xiangfan and provide scientific evidence for reasonable use of antibiotics. METHODS Retrospective review was performed to analyzed the specimen source and the clinical distribution of 359 strains of SAU. BioMerieux Vitek 32 was used to identify the species of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and drug-resistance results were read according to CLSI2006. RESULTS Isolating rate of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) arrived at 54.9%. The results of susceptibility test showed that SAU had been resistant to the diverse antibiotics in different degree. The drug sensitivity rate of glycopeptide antibiotics and linezolid were all 100%. CONCLUSIONS The different grade hospitals should practically perform the management of antibiotics to postpone the resistance development and control outbreak and prevalence of nosocomial infections.

60 years old). 43 cases of antiepileptic drugs combination accounted for 10% and the therapeutic plasma concentration of 27 cases deviated from normal range(62.8%). CONCLUSION:Results of plasma concentration monitoring provide an important basis for clinical drug use. Monitoring data and other clinical index can promote rational use of antiepileptic drugs.

OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiology of the drug-resistant genes in meticillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus(MRCNS).METHODS mecA,aac(6′)/aph(2″) and aph(3′)-Ⅲgenes of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme(AME) and ermA/B/C genes of erythromycin methyltransferase were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from 40 MRCNS strains.RESULTS Thirty-nine strains carried mecA gene,32 strains with aac(6′)/aph(2″) gene,15 strains with aph(3′)-Ⅲ gene,30 strains with ermA/B/C gene and 2 strains with tetM gene in 40 MRCNS strains.CONCLUSIONS About 65% MRCNS strains carry mecA,aac(6′)/aph(2″),/aph(3′)-Ⅲ and ermA/B/C genes at the same time.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate whether kaempferol protects against acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 virus via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway .METHODS:BALB/c mice were used to estab-lish the animal model of acute lung injury by nasal inoculation of swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus.After the interven-tion with kaempferol , the pulmonary edema was evaluated by determining the lung wet weight /dry weight ( W/D) ratio, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed , the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and MDA content in the homogenate of the lung tissues were detected .NF-κB P65 levels were determined by Western blot , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from mouse lung tissue homogenate was detec-ted by ELISA .RESULTS:Treatment with kaempferol decreased the morality of infected mice , and significantly prolonged the survival time of the infected mice .Kaempferol also relieved the pathological changes of the lung tissues , the lung W/D ratio and the lung index in swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus-infected mice.Treatment with kaempferol significantly de-creased the infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BALF .The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand MDA and the activity of MPO were also decreased .Treatment with kaempferol also significantly increased the SOD activity .NF-κB P65 levels were decreased , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from the mouse lung tissue homogenate were also decreased by treatment with kaempferol .CONCLU-SION:The protective effect of kaempferol on the mice with acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 vi-rus is related to suppression of the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by down-regulation of NF-κB signaling path-way.