The high mutation rate during hepatitis B virus (HBV)replication leads to HBV quasispecies.The study of HBV quasispecies has an important significance for the hepatitis B pathogenesis,prognosis,and outcome prediction.Recently,the next-generation sequen-cing (NGS)is extensively used in many biological and medical fields due to its high throughput,ultra-deep coverage,and high sensitivity, which also brings new strategies to HBV quasispecies studies.This article describes the working principles and features of several commonly used NGS technologies,reviews the application of NGS technologies in HBV quasispecies detection in recent years,and particularly discus-ses the variations in different regions of HBV genome and the population characteristics of HBV quasispecies.For now,NGS technologies used in HBV variation detection mainly presents the advantages of high sensitivity and high throughput.However,how to lower the cost,in-crease the accuracy of sequencing,and standardize the procedure of massive sequencing data management and personalized analysis are still challenging problems.The issue about NGS that matters at present and urgently needs to be solved is how to overcome its limitations,and then put it into HBV-related studies and ultimately clinical application.

The prevalence of obesity has become one of the most problems that affect human health in 21th Century.The offspring of obese mothers have a higher rate of perinatal morbidity and an increased risk of long-term health problems.Maternal obesity has been associated with high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth,congenital malformation of fetus,and an increased rate of cesarean delivery,especially in emergency cesarean section.The notion that an abnormal maternal metabolic environment,through epigenetic modifications,may lead to permanent changes in key organs that underlie fetal/juvenile programming of adult disease,such as obesity,cardiovascular disease,type Ⅱ diabetes and other metabolic syndrome.Therefore,by the weight control of obese gestational age women or the prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy,it will significantly decrease the affection of obese mothers on the fetus,reduce the occurrence of adult obesity,diabetes,cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Protein acetylation extensively regulates fundamental biological process, such as cardiovascular homeostasis and tu-morigenesis. Mechanism of protein acetylation and its abnormal changes during diseases has become one of the basic questions in medical research. Vascular aging is inseparable from the occur-rence and development of senile hypertension and coronary ather-osclerosis. Endothelial cell senescence plays a key role during this process. This paper reviews the research progress in acetyla-tion regulation during vascular aging, and the prospects of the re-search in this field.

Objective To compare the clinical application of endoscope system and dimensional disc hole mirror, and its advantages of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy TESSY technology. Methods Two hundred and eighty patients with lumbar disc herniation randomly divided into foraminal mirror group and endoscopic group(140 cases for each groups). Patients in foraminal mirror group were given TESSY removal of nucleus pulposus through lateral approach road,while in endoscopic group were given posterior approach discectomy. The operation time,bleeding volume,postoperative time,incision length,waist and leg waist pain and functional recovery were recorded. Results The operation incision length in foraminal mirror group was(0. 8 ± 0. 1)mm,significantly shorter in the endoscopic group((1. 7 ± 0. 2)mm),the amount of bleeding in foraminal mirror group was( 9. 8 ± 4. 3 )ml,significantly less than the endoscopic group(( 78. 6 ± 18. 8)ml). The above data were statistically significant difference( t =21. 753,19. 280;P ﹤0. 01 ). The getting out of bed time after operation was(0. 3 ± 0. 1)d,significantly earlier than that in the endoscopic group ((3. 5 ± 0. 8)d;t=21. 451;P﹤0. 01). VAS scores of patients in two group at postoperative were(7. 4 ± 1. 8) and(7. 3 ± 1. 6),significantly decreased than that of preoperative((2. 7 ± 1. 7)and(2. 5 ± 1. 6);t=10. 259, 11. 465;P﹤0. 01),But there were no significant differences between the two groups before and after treatment ( P﹥ 0. 05 ). After treatment,waist function recovery in the two groups were 97. 1%( 136/140 ),95. 7%(134/140),and the difference was significant(χ2 =0. 415,P﹥0. 05). Conclusion Foraminal mirror TESSY technique in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with microendoscopy discectomy with small incision is proved a good approach with less bleeding,postoperative early rehabilitation.

Currently,there are a lot of targets for the treatment of HBV infection,both for the host,and for the virus itself.However,existed clinical drugs can only control HBV infection,and can not remove the HBV,especially cccDNA.Therefore,the chronic persistent infection caused by HBV related diseases is still seriously threat to human health.People are still impatient for the development of new effective anti-HBV drugs.In this paper,we review the recent research of the anti-hepatitis B virus based on the host as the target.

Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective To investigate the association between HbA1c status,arterial stiffness and endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods The study group consisted of 338 DM patients,including 74 subjects with normal HbA1c(≤ 6.0％)(Group A),102 subjects with mildly increased HbA1c(HbA1C increased by less than 6.5％)(Group B)and 162 patients with high HbA1c level (HbA1c increased by more than 6.5％)(Group C).All patients were evaluated for glucose,HbA1c,TC and TG.Pulse wave velocity(PWV)and flow-mediated dialation(FMD)were performed simultaneously.Results Compared with Group A,Group B and C had higher baPWV([1734 ± 343]cm/s vs.[1537 ± 313]cm/s and [1853 ± 364]cm/s vs.[1537 ± 313]cm/s).Patients in Group C had a higher baPWV than those in Group B ([1853 ± 364]cm/s vs.[1734 ± 343]cm/s,P =0.006).The patients in group A had a lower level of FMD than that of group B and C([4.20±3.13]％ vs[5.29±3.92]％,[4.09±2.79]％ vs.[5.29±3.92]％,P＜0.01).Leaner association analysis showed a positive correlation between baPWV and HbAlc(r =0.53,P ＜0.01).baPWV was negatively correlated with FMD(r =-0.25,P ＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c(OR32.19％,CI 11.26 ～53.12,P＜0.001),age(OR 14.21,95％ CI 11.43 ～ 17.00,P＜0.001),systolic blood pressure(OR 7.36,95％ CI 6.12-8.59)and TC(OR:0.31,95％ CI:9.97-70.64)were independent predictors for the increased arterial stiffness(baPWV).Conclusion Arterial stiffness parameters varied significantly across subgroups of patients with different levels of HbA1c and the arterial stiffness was positively associated with deranged glucose homeostasis.

Objective To understand the true feelings of the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and explore effect in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia negative psychological experience. Methods Adopted purposive sampling,13 patients were in-depth interviewed,and the method of phenomenological analysis data were used. Results Analyzed of the psychological experience of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,extracted five topics: psychological overload,life was affected, the sick didn't adapt to the reality,self-assessment was low, the lack of information of disease. Conclusions The patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have more negative psychological experience, and are in lack of information associated with disease and not satisfied. Nursing staff should take effective measures according to the actual situation of patients to promote their physical and mental rehabilitation.

Adult ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of knockdown A20 expression on the proliferation, apoptosis and migra-tion of MCF-7 cells and to evaluate the potential value of the A20 gene as the therapeutic target of breast cancer. Methods Synthesized siRNA targeted to A20 gene or negative control siRNA were transfected into MCF-7 cells by using lipofectamine 2000. CCK8 assay, Annexin V and 7-AAD double staining cytometry, Transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of knockdown A20 mRNA expression on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration of MCF-7 cells, respectively. Results It can inhibit the proliferation and migration as well as promote the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by knockdown A20 mRNA expression. Conclusion A20 gene plays an important role in the prolif-eration, apoptosis and migration of MCF-7 cells and it could be a potential therapeutic target of breast cancer.