This paper specifically elaborated the ethics committee of China and the United States review meet-ing in the project report , project FAQ, ethical discussion , voting and so on each link , analyzes the ethical review mode difference between the two countries , and according to the mode of ethical review meeting in China and the United States are compared , and the model helps to find their own ethical review meeting , improve their efficiency of ethical review committee meeting .

BACKGROUND:Pelvic fractures combined with acetabular fractures are mostly caused by high-energy violence, often accompanied by severe complications and high mortality, and surgical fixation is preferred in most cases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the internal fixation of pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fracture and to analyze the material biocompatibility. METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles related to the internal fixation of pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fracture and material biocompatibility published from 2005 to 2014. The keywords were“pelvis fractures, acetabulum fractures, internal fixators, materials”in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles published in authoritative journals or recently were preferred, and final y 29 articles were enrol ed in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Steel plate reconstruction or screw internal fixation is often used for clinical treatment of pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fracture. Titanium plate is often chosen with similar elastic modulus to the bone and good biocompatibility. The titanium plate is pre-bended before implantation to match the bone surface of the fracture site. Absorbable screws have good histocompatibility and non-toxic side effects, which can avoid the electrolysis and corrosion of metal screws and maintain certain strength in early period of internal fixation;over time, the fracture is gradual y healed, the material strength gradual y decreases, and the material is final y degraded into water and carbon dioxide to achieve good clinical outcomes. It is difficult and high-risk for treatment of pelvic fracture combined with acetabular fractures, and active treatment and damage control are recommended as soon as possible. A reasonable treatment plan can be developed based on the type of fracture. Plate internal fixation and minimal y invasive fixation developed by the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques show a great progress in fracture treatment, which have broad clinical application prospects.

BACKGROUND:Bio-derived xenograft bone has natural pore structure of the bone, low immunogenicity, and good cytocompatibility.
OBJECTIVE:To verify the biocompatibility of bio-derived xenograft bone with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.
METHODS:Fresh pig femoral bone was col ected to prepare bio-derived bone. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the material structure. Passage 3 rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s at a density of 2×109/L were inoculated into the cancel ous bone surface of the bio-dervied bone and cultured for 7 days. Cel growth was detected using scanning electron microscope. After culture for 8 days, cel number was counted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bio-derived bone had rough surface and irregularly interconnected pores constructing a mesh-like structure. After 3 days of compound culture, cel s had irregular shapes and adhered to the surface of bio-derived bone;after 5 days of culture, cel s were closely interconnected to form a layered growth;after 7 days of culture, cel s exhibited multilayered growth and the extracel ular matrix secreted local y. Under compound culture, the former 2 days were latent period, 3-6 days were logarithmic phase, and from the 6 th day, the cel growth curve became smooth gradual y and the cel proliferation decreased and entered into the plateau period. These findings indicate that the bio-derived xenograft bone has good biocompatibility with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) by balloon dilatation between unipedicular and bilateral pedicle approach for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Methods From January 2012 to March 2014, 56 patients with single-level or double- level OVCF were randomly divided into two groups. 29 patients with 33 vertebral bodies were performed by PKP through unipedicular approach and 27 patients with 31 vertebral bodies through bipedicular approach , used PMMA bone cement filling vertebral. The clinical data of patients were prospectively analyzed and the clinical efficacy was compared between two groups. Results The VAS scores, Beck value, Cobb angle and ODI scores after operation improved in both groups (P < 0.01),but there were no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05). The operative time, X-ray exposure time and volume of bone cement in unilateral group were less than that of bilateral group(P < 0.01). There were no significant difference in the incidence of bone cement leakage ,the pain relief and the incidence of complications between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both unipedicular and biopedicular PKP are significant improvement for the OVCF, vertebral strengthen showed similar efficacy, but the former has easy operation procedure, can shorten operative time and reduce X-ray exposure time and less volume of bone cement.

Branchioma ; diagnosis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neck ; Rheumatoid Nodule ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad(FHIT),fibronectin (FN) and phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten( PTEN )in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and their relationship with pathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of FHIT,FN and PTEN in cancerous tissues from 138 HCC patients.The correlation between their expression and clinicpathological features and prognosis were analyzed.Results FHIT,FN,PTEN protein expressed differently between HCC and adjacent mucosa ( respectively x2 =5.968,7.380,4.962,all P ＜ 0.05 ),and the expression level was different with tumor size,tumor number,grades and tumor lymph node metastasis( P ＜ 0.05 ).In FHIT and FN positive group,the recurrence free survival rates were lower than those in negative groups( respectively x2 =4.443,9.867,all P ＜0.05),while in PTEN positive group patients' recurrence free survival rates were higher than those with PTEN negative expression ( x2 =4.199,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions FHIT,FN,PTEN were abnormally expressed in HCC.Positive expression of FHIT and FN predicts poor prognosis,while positive PTEN indicates fair prognosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanical stability and clinical outcome of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of pubic ramus fractures.Methods Stability of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and traditional open fixation of pubic ramus fractures was compared in finite element analysis.A retrospective analysis was performed on fractures of pubic rami (126 sides) in 101 consecutive patients treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis from 2005 to 2012.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss and follow-up of fracture healing were evaluated.Results In finite element analysis,traditional open fixation and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis resulted in the maximum pelvic force of 7.35 MPa and 5.59 MPa,maximum fracture displacement of 4.31 mm and 4.38 mm and relative fracture gap displacement of 0.029 mm and 0.012 mm.Displacement of fracture gap after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and traditional open fixation was reduced 26％ and 59％ respectively.In the clinical study,the surgery acquired for pubic ramus fractures averaged 65 minutes with mean blood loss of 94 ml.Follow-up duration was 5-50 months (mean,24.3 months).Reduction of the fracture as assessed using Matta' s criteria was excellent in 118 sides (93.7％),good in eight sides (6.3％).Totally,the fracture was healed within postoperative 12 weeks in 117 sides and within postoperative 6 months in 9 sides.No iatrogenic nerve or vascular injury occurred.Conclusions Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is a safe and effective technique for fixation of pubic ramus fractures.Moreover,satisfactory results can be achieved together with less trauma and better cosmetic effect.

Objective To evaluate the correlations of vascular structures,hemodynamic changes and recanalization before receiving carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) in patients with subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. Methods A total of 107 patients were diagnosed as subtotal ( stenosis rate 95% to 99%) or complete occlusion of carotid artery with DSA and treated with CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2014 were enrolled retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 61 ± 9 years. According to the findings of DSA,they were divided into either a carotid artery subtotal occlusion group (n=63) or a complete occlusion group (n=44). The vascular diameter,the locations of the lesions ( internal carotid artery or common carotid artery) ,the lumen echo characteristics,and whether internal-external artery collateral circulation patent or not at different stages in patients of both groups were documented. Results The lumen diameter of distal segment was significant wider in patients of the complete occlusion group compared with the subtotal occlusion group (4. 1 ± 1. 1 mm vs. 3. 2 ± 0. 8 mm). There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P <0. 01). There was no significant difference between the location of occlusion and the recanalization rate (P=0. 460). The recanalization rate of the lumen homogeneous echo ( hypoecho and echodense) filling patients (94. 1% vs. 86. 7%) was significantly higher than that of the patients of heterogeneity echo. In patients with complete occlusion of internal carotid artery,the recanalization of CEA would increase when the internal-external collateral arteries were patent. For general comparison,the recanalization rate of the subtotal occlusion group was significantly higher than that of the complete occlusion group (P<0. 01). Conclusion The carotid artery diameter normal or broadening ,the homogeneous echo in the occlusive lumen and the internal-external collateral arteries patency are closely associated with the recanalization rate. The preoperative ultrasonography has great value for the assessment of recanalization of carotid artery occlusive disease after CEA.

Objectives Todynamicallyobservethechangesofhemodynamicparametersinpatients with severe stenosis of unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) andtoevaluateandanalyzetherelatedfactorsforinfluencingthestenoticprocess.Methods Atotalof 113 consecutive patients with severe stenosis of unilateral MCA screened by TCD and confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA)and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into either a progressive group (n =43 )or a non-progressive group (n=90)according to the variation of MCA hemodynamic parameters. The effects of age,sex,major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease,clinical symptoms,clinical medication,and drug compliance on the stenotic process were documented and analyzed. Results (1)The comparison of detection rate of the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease:The patients with a history of smoking (72. 1%[n=31])in the progressive group was significantly higher than that (51. 1%[n=46])in the non-progressive group (P=0.022). The period of smoking of the patients in the progressive group were longer than that in the non-progressive group (28 ± 12 years vs. 21 ± 10 years,P=0. 011). (2)Comparison of MCA hemodynamic parameters:The distal pulsatility indexes of MCA stenosis at the first diagnosis in the progressive group were all lower than those in the non-progressive group (0. 66 ± 0. 10 vs. 0. 70 ± 0. 13;t= -2. 096,P=0. 038),and the distal pulsatility indexes of MCA stenosis at the end point in the patients of the progressive group were lower than those in the non-progressive group (0. 61 ± 0. 15 vs. 0. 74 ± 0. 15). There were significant differences (t=-2. 718,P= 0. 008). The peak systolic velocity (PSV)of the progressive MCA stenotic segments at the end point in 10 patients of the progressive group was higher than that in the non-progressive group (299 ± 23 cm/s vs. 244 ± 50 cm/s,t=3. 437;P=0. 001),while PSV of MCA in 33 patients with occlusion in the progressive group were significantly lower than those in the non-progressive group (56 ± 18 cm/s vs. 244 ± 50 cm/s,t= -20. 905;P=0. 000). (3)The regular medication:The patients using statins (atorvastatin calcium)were significantly lower than those of the non-progressive group (2. 3%[n=1] vs. 54. 4%[n=49],χ2 =33. 690;P<0. 01). (4)During the follow up period,the recurrence rates of transient ischemic attack and stroke of the progressive group were significantly higher than those of the non-progressive group (27. 9%[n=12]vs. 6. 7%[n=6],32. 6%[n=14]vs. 2. 2%[n=2];all P<0.01). (5)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smokers (OR,4. 403,95%CI 1. 094-14.017),cerebrovascular event recurrence (OR,10. 648,95%CI 2. 530 -41. 261),and irregularly taking statins (OR,5. 675,95%CI 1. 631-152. 740)were all closely associated with the progress of severeMCAstenosis.Conclusion EvaluationofthehemodynamicchangesofsevereMCAstenosiswith TCD follow up study can be used as an important basis for clinical assessment of the outcomes. Stop smoking and regularly taking statins may help to delay the progress of MCA stenosis.

According to the common standard of ethic review for clinical research , it is equal to each kind of research program whether western medicine or Traditional Chinese Medicine .It should be reviewed the ethic and scientific issues in the same time .However, on account of the two majority characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine , it would be concerned more evidence , such as the safety data before clinic , the syndrome differentiation and treatment of target disease , drug combination , dosage and course of treatment , the methods of outcome meas-urement, admixture of the drug, the selection of control drug including placebo and so on .