Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three-step technology for screening of cervical lesions .Methods From March 2011 to March 2013 , 6965 outpatients and inpatients were detected with the ThinPrep liquid based cytology test ( TCT) in our hospital , at the same time, cytology positive cases were evaluated with colposcopic multiple biopsies and histopathology .Results Three hundred and thirty -four cases were positive in cytology, in which there were 187 cases of ASCUS(55.99%),40 cases of ASC-H(11.98%),48 cases of LSIL(14.37%),52 cases of HSIL(15.57%) and 7 cases of SCC(2.10%).Among the 286 cases with cy-tological abnormalities diagnosed with histopathology , 97 cases with CINI(33.92%),85 cases with CINII/CINIII(29.72%)2,0 cases with SCC(6.99%),and the positive coincidence rate of colposcopy was 98.06%.Histopathology proved to 57 CINI, 127 CINII/CINI-II and 22 SCC, so the total positive rate of cervical lesions was 2.96%.Conclusions Three-step technique in combination application of cytology , colposcopic biopsy and histopathology can be an effective screening of cervical lesions .

Objective Clinical investigation of treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by unilateral kyphoplasty.Methods After Surgical intervention of sixteen vertebral compression fractures by unilateral kyphoplasty,then investigate the changes of height and Cobb angle of vertebral bodies.Results All surgical procedures were finished safely.The mean height of the anterior and media vertebral bodies was 1.8?0.3cm,1.4?0.4cm preoperatively and 2.2?0.4cm、2.3?0.3cm postoperatively;the Cobb angle was decreased from 28.4??10.2? preoperatively to 19.2??4.5? postoperatively.The mean absolute value of the difference in height between right and left side of the vertebral bodies was 0.1cm in this group.Conclusions The kyphosis is improved and the operative time is reduced by unilateral kyphoplasty.Though this result is satisfied,more clinical studies are needed to be done for authenticating the effect of unilateral kyphoplasty on the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in the future.

Objective To understand cognition status about AIDS prevention knowledge of urban and rural residents in Xinjiang Yili state ,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures of AIDS publicity ,education ,prevention and control for the fu-ture .Methods For simple random sampling with Database of country infectious diseases special projectsthat Yili state has been successfully uploaded ,obtain the required sample ,then conducted questionnaire survey .Results In 1 101 respondents ,cognition rate about AIDS prevention knowledge of urban and rural residents was 79 .02% ,the higher level regions of AIDS epidemic classifi-cation ,respondent in the higher cognition rate ;the cognition status about blood transmission ,mother-to-child transmission was bet-ter ,the sexual transmission was poorer .Male ,16 to 30 years old ,Uygur ,the higher education level of respondents ,AIDS prevention knowledge in relatively good condition status .Conclusion The cognition status about AIDS prevention knowledge in Xinjiang Yili state basic meet the national standards ,but remains to be improved .We should enhance AIDS prevention knowledge education cope with high age group ,Kazakhs and other ethnic minorities ,low education level of the respondents ,it should also focus on strengthe-ning the publicity education and proper guidance with non-transmission .According to different popular level classification ,publicity and education should be carryed out combined with local actual formulation is more advantageous to measure .

OBJECTIVETo investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men(MSM) in Xinjiang, and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.

METHODSFrom May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi, Kashgar, Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang. Those who were ≥ 16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey. A total of 1 467 participants were recruited. Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors. Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

RESULTSThe MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% (656/1 467), and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% (427/1 467). For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.43 (0.32-0.58) ) ; those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80) );and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR (95%CI) was 1.98 (1.50-2.61) ). For social-identity, Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.42-0.88) ); those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR (95%CI) was 0.60 (0.40-0.89) ); famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR (95%CI) was 4.17 (2.13-8.17) ); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR (95%CI) was 2.40 (1.34-4.29) ); those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.59 (0.44-0.81) ). Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% (267/400) and 76.5% (306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity (33.2% (133/400)) and positive social-identity (23.5% (94/400)) ; their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0% (287/463) and 73.4% (340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity (38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ(2) = 39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05). Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% (188/1 040), in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3% (180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity (8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ(2) = 66.78, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn 2013, the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor, and the factors associated with it included ethnicity, occupation, marital status and education level. The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors, and had increased risk of HIV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bisexuality ; China ; Data Collection ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Self Concept ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Social Identification ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men ( MSM) in Xinjiang,and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.Methods From May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi , Kashgar , Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang.Those who were ≥16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey.A total of 1 467 participants were recruited.Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors.Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results The MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% ( 656/1 467 ) , and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% ( 427/1 467 ).For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR(95%CI) was 0.43(0.32-0.58));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation ( OR ( 95% CI ) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80));and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR(95%CI) was 1.98(1.50-2.61)).For social-identity , Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.61 ( 0.42-0.88 ) );those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR(95%CI) was 0.60(0.40-0.89));famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR(95%CI) was 4.17(2.13-8.17)); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR(95%CI) was 2.40(1.34-4.29));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR(95%CI) was 0.59(0.44-0.81)).Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% ( 267/400 ) and 76.5%(306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity(33.2%(133/400))and positive social-identity ( 23.5% ( 94/400 ) ); their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0%(287/463) and 73.4%(340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity(38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ2 =39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05).Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% ( 188/1 040 ) , in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3%(180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity(8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ2 =66.78, P<0.01).Conclusion In 2013,the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor , and the factors associated with it included ethnicity , occupation , marital status and education level.The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors , and had increased risk of HIV infection .

Objective To investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men ( MSM) in Xinjiang,and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.Methods From May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi , Kashgar , Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang.Those who were ≥16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey.A total of 1 467 participants were recruited.Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors.Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results The MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% ( 656/1 467 ) , and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% ( 427/1 467 ).For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR(95%CI) was 0.43(0.32-0.58));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation ( OR ( 95% CI ) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80));and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR(95%CI) was 1.98(1.50-2.61)).For social-identity , Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM ( OR ( 95%CI ) was 0.61 ( 0.42-0.88 ) );those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR(95%CI) was 0.60(0.40-0.89));famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR(95%CI) was 4.17(2.13-8.17)); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR(95%CI) was 2.40(1.34-4.29));those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR(95%CI) was 0.59(0.44-0.81)).Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% ( 267/400 ) and 76.5%(306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity(33.2%(133/400))and positive social-identity ( 23.5% ( 94/400 ) ); their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0%(287/463) and 73.4%(340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity(38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ2 =39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05).Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% ( 188/1 040 ) , in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3%(180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity(8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ2 =66.78, P<0.01).Conclusion In 2013,the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor , and the factors associated with it included ethnicity , occupation , marital status and education level.The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors , and had increased risk of HIV infection .

Objective:To explore the association between location of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with lower extremity fracture during hospitalization.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 1,620 patients who had been treated for lower extremity fracture and deep vein thrombosis from October 2014 to November 2019 at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Honghui Hospital. They were 726 males and 894 females, aged from 18 to 98 years (average, 64.0 years). By the anatomical location of thrombosis, they were divided into a proximal thrombosis group and a distal thrombosis group; by the laterality of thrombosis, they were divided into a bilateral thrombosis group and a unilateral thrombosis group which was further divided into a left thrombosis subgroup and a right thrombosis subgroup. The incidences of pulmonary embolism were compared between 2 corresponding groups and subgroups.Results:Pulmonary embolism occurred in 13 of the 1,400 patients with distal thrombosis and in 12 of the 220 patients with proximal thrombosis; the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the proximal thrombosis group (5.45%, 12/220) was significantly higher than that in the distal thrombosis group (0.93%, 13/1,400) ( P<0.001). Pulmonary embolism occurred in 10 of the 337 patients with bilateral thrombosis and in 15 of the 1,283 patients with unilateral thrombosis; the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the bilateral thrombosis subgroup (2.97%, 10/337) was significantly higher than that in the unilateral thrombosis group (1.17%, 15/1,283) ( P=0.017). Pulmonary embolism occurred in 5 of the 677 patients with left thrombosis and in 10 of the 606 patients with right thrombosis; the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the right thrombosis subgroup (1.65%, 10/606) was insignificantly higher than that in the left thrombosis subgroup (0.74%, 5/677) ( P=0.129). Conclusions:In patients with lower extremity fracture, those with proximal or bilateral thrombosis are more prone to pulmonary embolism than those with distal or unilateral thrombosis, but the possibility of pulmonary embolism cannot be ignored clinically in those with distal or unilateral thrombosis.

Objective To analyze the sex specific mortality in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and risk factors in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region (Xinjiang),and provide evidence for the evaluation of the effect of HAART.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the mortality and survival of 8 061 male cases and 6 001 female cases of HIV infection,who received HAART during July 2004-June 2013 in Xinjiang.The information of the cases were downloaded from national antiretroviral therapy reporting sub-system in national HIV/AIDS reporting system.Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the risk factors of deaths.Results The male cases were older and had lower CD4 value at baseline compared with the female cases.The major transmission route was injecting drug use in males,but sexual contact in females.The overall mortality of the male cases was higher than that of the females,which was 10.87/100 person-years during the first three month after receiving HAART,and 7.00/100 person-years two years later in males,but 4.77/100 person-years during the first three month and 3.00/100 person-years two years later in females.The results from Cox analysis showed that the risk factors were the CD4 value at baseline and transmission route.Compared with the cases who had lower CD4 value (CD4＜200 cells/μl) at baseline,the HR for the cases who had higher CD4 value (CD4 ≥ 350 cells/μl) was 4.08 (95％ CI:2.96-5.62) in males and 5.11 (95％CI:3.16-8.35) in females.Compared with sexual transmission,the HR for IDUs was 1.99 (95％CI:1.66-2.40) in males and 1.77 (95％ CI:1.24-2.52) in females.The results of cumulative survival analysis showed that in conventional treatment group (CD4＜350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 81％ and 87％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 66％ and 75％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use,and in early treatment group (CD4≥350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 97％ and 98％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 86％ and 97％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use.Conclusion In Xinjiang,the higher mortality in male HIV infection cases receiving HAART was related with lower CD4 value at baseline and higher infection rate through injecting drug use.Besides the weak intention for treatment and poor compliancy would be the deeper risk factors.

Objective To understand the misreporting rate regarding the routes of transmission among the reported HIV patients in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang,since 2011.Methods An investigation focusing on the route of transmission among people living with HIV/AIDS was carried out to clarify the responsible reasons for the situation.Results The overall incorrect reporting rate on the route of transmission was 10.8％.The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over estimated by 63.8％ to 72.0％.However,the proportion of injecting drug was underestimated by 27.5％ to 22.2％.The number of cases being confirmed as through heterosexual transmission but incorrectly reported was quite high,contributing 82.6％ of all the incorrectly reported cases.Most of the patients that incorrect reported,were moved from injecting drug use to heterosexual transmission,which contributed 79.5％ of all the total incorrectly reported cases.Results from multi-factor analysis showed that the risk related to incorrect reporting was 3.64 times in males than in females.People who anticipated to receive HIV testing were 2.23 times more than those who had not.Old-age groups were 3.511,4.053,4.415 and 6.524 times higher than those people who were aged below 16 years.Conclusions The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over-estimated while the proportion on injecting drug use was underestimated.However,the transmission pattern had changed from injecting drug use at the early epidemic stage,to current sexual transmission mode.We recommended that more attentions should be paid to patients who were males,at older age or those who had no expectation in receiving the HIV testing,during the initial following-up stage.

Objective To analyze the mortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ( XUAR ).Methods The objects of study were all HIV/AIDS adult patients who had received HAART in XUAR.The proceeding information was uploaded to the national ART reporting system which was a branch of the national HIV/AIDS reporting system.A retrospective cohort study was conducted among these patients who were treated during July 2004 to June 2013 in XUAR.Mortality rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated.Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the risk factors for deaths .Results The proportion for death, lost, referral and withdrawal were 8.5%(1 200/14 062),2.5%(351/14 062), 0.9%(121/14 062) and 15.4%(2 162/14 062) respectively.The P25,P50 and P75 of baseline CD4 +T lymphocyte was 144.00, 244.50 and 331.00/μl, respectively.The overall mortality rate was 4.98/100 person-years.The cumulative survival rate of ART treatment after 1-5 years were 0.94,0.91,0.88,0.84 and 0.81.The mortality rate had a significant difference among different population .The male ( 6.58/100 person-years) was higher than the female (2.87/100 person-years), the people who infected tuberculosis (TB) (9.79/100 person-years) was higher than those non TB (4.12/100 person-years),the people whose CD4 +T lymphocyte count less than 200/μl ( 7.67/100 person-years ) was higher than other groups , the people who were transmitted through injection ( 7.61/100 person-years ) was higher than those sexual transmission (3.10/100 person-years),the people whose HB less than 80 g/L (13.84/100 person-years) was higher than those more than 80 g/L(4.74/100 person-years)(χ2 values were 154.62,177.47,309.73, 228.99 and 84.27.P<0.01).The risk of death of the one with the baseline CD 4 +T lymphocyte≤200/μl was 3.61(2.73-4.78) times of the one with the baseline CD 4 +T lymphocyte >350/μl.The risk of death of the one having more than 4 baseline symptom categories was 3.62(2.42-5.42) times of the one having less than 3 baseline symptom categories.The risk of death of the one with baseline HB ≥80 g/L was 2.84(2.21-3.64) times of the one with the baseline HB <80 g/L.The risk of death of the male was 1.48(1.25-1.75) times of the female.The risk of death of the one infected TB was 1.39 ( 1.18-1.64 ) times of the one not infected TB.The risk of death of the one injecting drugs was 1.84(1.56-2.17) times of the one not injecting drugs.Conclusion From 2004 to 2013, the mortality rate was low among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in XUAR.The mortality risk factors were low CD4 T cell count, having more baseline symptom categories, low HB level, injection drug transmission, male and TB infection, all these factors had positive correlation with death .