Aim To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against seizure on different animal models.Methods　The protective effects of allopregnanolone against maximal electrical seizure (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizure were studied in C57 mice 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results　In the MES test, we found that pretreatment with the phenobarbital or allopregnanolone produced a dose-dependent protective effect against seizure. The potency (ED50 value) of phenobarbital in the MES test was 2.40 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 1.22 to 4.72 mg·kg-1. The potency (ED50 value) of allopregnanolone in the MES test was 0.086 mg·kg-1, with 95%confidence interval range from 0.037 to 0.201 mg·kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of phenobarbital (P<0.01). The combination study of half ED50 values of phenobarbital and allopregnanolone resulted in a 80% of protective effect in MES test, which was higher than 50% produced by either phenobarbital or allopregnanolone at their ED50 values respectively. This result indicated that there was a synergism between phenobarbital and allopregnanolone in their anticonvulsant activities. In the picrotoxin test, we found that pretreatment with the allopregnanolone also produced a dose-dependent protective effect against picrotoxin-induced seizure. The potency of allopregnanolone in the picrotoxin seizure test was 0.123 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 0.058 to 0.263 mg·kg-1.Conclusion　Allopregnanolone(ip) could protect different seizures in a dose-dependent manner,had a higher potency than phenobarbital,and had synergism with phenobarbital in the MES test.

AIM: To observe the anticonvulsant action of L-histidine in mice. METHODS: The anticonvulsant effect of L-histidine, and the antagonism of dl-chlorpheniramine to L-histidine were observed in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and electric stimulation. RESULTS: L-histidine exerted remarkable anticonvulsant action with dose-response relationship in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole and electric stimulation, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine. CONCLUSION: L-histidine has anticonvulsant effect, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine, suggesting that L-histidine can pass the BBS and enter the central nervous system.

10 mg?kg -1?d -1? 5 d. The inhibitory rate of ZD1694( 0.001- 1 000 mmol?L -1)on SGC-7901 cells were increased in concentration and time-dependent manner. The cell numbers in G_0-G_1 phase in SGC-7901 cells were raised by ZD1694 as well. CONCLUSION: ZD1694 can take obvious antitumor effects on S180-bearing mice. The antitumor rate of ZD1694 is in a dose-dependent manner, and it is higher when the total dosage is administered in one day than that the total dosage was divided into 5 consecutive days. ZD1694 can inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells and block the cells in G_1 phase in vitro.

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of salidroside on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in middle cerebral artery occlusive(MCAO)rats.Methods:Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was produced by 1.5 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and 24 h reperfusion.Salidroside was administered intravenously immediately after occlusion and reperfusion respectively.The neurologic deficit scores were investigated according to Zea-Longa's Standard.The infarct areas were assessed with software Imagepro Plus 6.0 after TTC staining.And the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)as well as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were determined by specific kit.The levels of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein(Bax)in central neutral system were assessed by western blot.Results:Compared with the model group,salidroside could decrease the neurologic deficit score,reduced the infarct areas of the brain in MCAO-I/R rats,increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the activity of iNOS,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,depressed the expression of Bax.Conclusion:Salidroside has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and this effect is related to attenuating lipid peroxidation,enhancing the expression of Bcl-2 and diminishing Bax expression.

AIM: To compare the effects of histamine and its antagonists on tension of isolated rabbit basilar and mesenteric artery in vitro, and to observe the role of Ca 2+ in histamine induced response. METHODS: The dose response curves induced by histamine were recorded on the isolated rabbit central and peripheral arteries in different doses of diphenhydramine, cimitidine, and nifidipine. RESULTS: Histamine could cause contraction of basilar and mesenteric isolated arteries. Diphenhydramine and nifidipine antagonized these effects, while cimitidine enhanced this effect. CONCLUSION: There may be different receptors densities in different rabbit arteries; histamine shows the vasoconstrictive effect on both brain and mesenteric arteries; and the vasoconstrictive effect mainly produces via Ca 2+ inflax.

Objective To survey the current working status of general practitioners (GPs) who received residency training in Shanghai.Methods The current status of general practitioners,who completed residency training in Shanghai from 2013 to 2014,was surveyed with self-designed questionnaire by e-mail.The survey items included current employers,job specification,clinical practice,teaching,scientific research and so on.Results Three hundred and thirteen out of 377 GPs,who completed residency training from 2007 to 2012,participated in the survey (83.0％),including 85 males and 228 females with a mean age of (31.2 ± 2.6) years.Among all participants,298 (95.2％) worked in community health service centers,12.8％ (40/313) of them were involved in general practice teaching,9.9％ (31/313) undertook management,9.3％ (29/313) did academic research in community,and 7.7％ (24/313) had chance for overseas study.The survey also showed that 134 person/times received various commendations and awards.Conclusion Most GPs who completed residency training are undertaking clinical practice in community health service centers,and they are also well involved in management,teaching,and research.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of perioperatively administrated enteral immunonutrition in gastrointestinal cancer patients on immune and inflammatory responses,nutrition states and postoperative morbidity.Methods:Sixty patients with gastrointestinal cancer were divided randomly into two groups.Two groups perioperatively(from preoperative day 5 to postoperative day 7) received an supplemented diet with arginine,RNA,and ?-3fatty acids(immunonutrition group;n=30) or an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous standard diet (standard-nutrition group;n=30).All variables of immune and inflammatory responses,nutrition states and postoperative morbidity were measured on preoperative day 5 and postoperative day 1,4 and 8.Results:On postoperative day 4 and 8,most immune variables and prealbumin in the immuno-group were significantly higher than those in the standard-group(P0.05),and inflammatory variables as CRP in the immunonutrition group were significantly lower than those in the standard group.In the immunonutrition group,there were significantly fewer patients who experienced postoperative complications and shorter days of hospital stay compared with standard group(P0.05).Conclusion:The perioperative administration of enteral immunonutrition in gastrointestinal cancer patients can significantly modulate the postoperative immunosuppressive and inflammatory responses at the early postoperative day,can significantly decrease the occurrence of infectious and overall postoperative complications as well as the length of hospital stay.

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of domestic leuprolide acetate microsphere (LE-ms) on the growth of explanted endometrium in the rat models of EMT and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The 60 rats models of EMT were induced surgically by the Jones method. Then the animals were treated with LE (20 ?g? -1?d -1,28 d,sc) , enanton(20 ?g? -1?d -1,sc) and domestic LE-ms (2, 20, and 200 ?g㎏ -1?d -1,sc), respectively; another 30 rats were divided into sham group(N.S, 1 ml?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc), EMT+ LE group(100 ?g?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc)and EMT group(N.S, 1 ml?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc). At the same time, estrous cycle was monitored daily by examination of vaginal cytologic smears. After 3 weeks, blood was drawn and the serum estradiol concentration was assayed. The volume of endometrial implant was assessed. Lateral uterus, bilateral ovary, thymus and spleen were weighed. The NK cell cytotoxicity in the spleen was evaluated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. RESULTS: Implants in control group continued to grow, while those in groups treated with the drugs showed remarkable atrophy. The inhibitory rates were 87.2%, 78.3%, 57.3%, 89.0% and 94.7%, respectively. The regular estrous cycle of the model rats was abolished and serum estradiol reduced (P0.05); and the NK cells activity was enhanced(P

Directing at the cultivating aims of the students in major of basic medical science,the article expounds some instruction innovations in teaching pharmacology.We introduce some social practical problems and some research fields which evolve rapidly to the teaching class by compiling the teaching materials,conducting lectures and giving discussion lessons.In addition,we incorporate the cultivation of students' capability of doing scientific research to the teaching work through guiding them how to read references,directing them to finish independently the project of experiment designed by themselves and operating group activities instructed by their supervisors in the department of pharmacology.

AIM: To study the effect of genistein on c-myc mRNA expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in human vascular endothelial cells (ECV304). METHODS: LDL were isolated from healthy human plasma by gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized by CuSO4. ECV304 cells were exposed to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1 in the presence or absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1, 2, and 4 h in vitro. Northern blot was employed to measure c-myc mRNA levels of ECV304. RESULTS: In response to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1, c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 increased by 3 fold for 1h and 3.3 fold for 2 h and decreased below the control level at 4 h. Expressions of c-myc stimulated by ox-LDL in the presence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1 h and 2 h were separately 80 percent and 60 percent of that in the absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1. CONCLUSION: Genistein can effectively inhibit c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 induced by ox-LDL.