Aging is a natural process in which tissue and organ function declines as organisms age. Aging is the inevitable outcome of the organism and is irreversible. The aging process is accompanied by degenerative changes in the morphological structure of multiple organs of the body, leading to an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes year by year. In recent years, natural phytochemicals have attracted widespread attention from the public due to their advantages such as non-toxicity or low toxicity, low cost, and various biological activities. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a dietary polyphenol extracted from green tea, which has a variety of biological functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti-aging activities. The EGCG-mediated anti-aging mechanism has been investigated in many studies with different aging models. This article reviews the research progress on rodents, nematodes, fruit flies, and cell aging models, focusing on summarizing the lifespan extension and physiological changes of rodents, nematodes and fruit flies after EGCG intervention from multiple angles, and exploring potential mechanism by which EGCG delays aging and extends lifespan. This review provides a theoretical reference for the study of the anti-aging mechanism of phytochemicals.

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and conventional treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO), especially emerging potential therapies. HO is the process of ectopic bone formation at non-skeletal sites. HO can be subdivided into two major forms, acquired and hereditary, with acquired HO predominating. Hereditary HO is a rare and life-threatening genetic disorder, but both acquired and hereditary form can cause severe complications, such as peripheral nerve entrapment, pressure ulcers, and disability if joint ankylosis develops, which heavily contributes to a reduced quality of life. Modalities have been proposed to treat HO, but none have emerged as the gold standard. Surgical excision remains the only effective modality; however, the optimal timing is controversial and may cause HO recurrence. Recently, potential therapeutic strategies have emerged that focus on the signaling pathways involved in HO, and small molecule inhibitors have been shown to be promising. Moreover, additional specific targets, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and non-coding RNAs, could be used to effectively block HO or develop combinatorial therapies for HO.
Humans ; Ossification, Heterotopic/genetics*

Subtype classification of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images serves as an effective auxiliary tool for clinicians in diagnosing disease progression and formulating treatment plans. To improve the classification accuracy of AMD subtypes, this study proposes a keypoint-based, attention-enhanced residual network (KPA-ResNet). The proposed architecture adopts a 50-layer residual network (ResNet-50) as the backbone, preceded by a keypoint localization module based on heatmap regression to outline critical lesion regions. A two-dimensional relative self-attention mechanism is incorporated into convolutional layers to enhance the representation of key lesion areas. Furthermore, the network depth is appropriately increased and an improved residual module, ConvNeXt, is introduced to enable comprehensive extraction of high-dimensional features and enrich the detail of lesion boundary contours, ultimately achieving higher classification accuracy of AMD subtypes. Experimental results demonstrate that KPA-ResNet achieves significant improvements in overall classification accuracy compared with conventional convolutional neural networks. Specifically, for the wet AMD subtypes, the classification accuracies for inactive choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and active CNV reach 92.8% and 95.2%, respectively, representing substantial improvement over ResNet-50. These findings validate the superior performance of KPA-ResNet in AMD subtype classification tasks. This work provides a high-accuracy, generalizable network architecture for OCT-based AMD subtype classification and offers new insights into integrating attention mechanisms with convolutional neural networks in ophthalmic image analysis.
Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods* ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/diagnostic imaging* ; Neural Networks, Computer

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively common but complex mental illness with a range of diverse risk factors. Typical symptoms include the re-experience or avoidance of traumatic events, cognitive impairment, and hypervigilance. While the exact pathogenesis of PTSD is unclear, many studies indicate that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in its development. Specifically, numerous studies have indicated that the levels of histone acetylation and methylation, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA are altered in PTSD patients. Further to this, natural products have been found to achieve epigenetic regulation of PTSD by regulating the expression of epigenetic enzymes, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and miRNA, thereby playing a role in improving PTSD symptoms. To date, however, no epigenetic regulation related drugs have been used in the treatment of PTSD. Furthermore, while natural products that can epigenetically regulate PTSD have received increasing levels of attention, there have not yet been any systematic reports on the topic. Here, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of natural products in the epigenetic regulation of PTSD, providing a novel and unique perspective that will help to guide the development and application of new PTSD treatments.

ObjectiveTo establish a managing mode for illegal and irregular acts of occupational medical examination (OME) institutions to the requirements of the new situation. Methods The OME institutions from the “Guangdong Province Key Occupational Disease Monitoring and Management Platform” were selected as the study subjects using the judgment sampling method. The clues of suspected illegal and irregular acts of OME institutions were found and submitted to the local health commission for investigation and managed according to the case information monitoring and on-site quality assessment. The OME institutions found to have illegal and irregular acts were filed and investigated according to the national law after investigation and verification. A “follow-up inspection” was conducted on five OME institutions for closed loop management. Results A total of 12 OME institutions were found to have suspected illegal and irregular acts, including seven institutions that did not meet the filing requirements for effective personnel, five institutions that conducted projects beyond the scope without filing to the provincial health authorities within 15 work days from the start of the project, and two institutions that failed to fulfill the obligation of informing and reporting to the health authorities, employers, and workers as required. After submitting relevant clues and evidence to the local health commission for investigation and management, seven institutions were not given penalty, and five institutions were given administrative penalties including two institutions were fined and warned, and three institutions were warned. No illegal or irregular acts were found in the five institutions inspected during the “follow-up inspection”. Conclusion It is beneficial to explore the managing mode of “clue discovery, clue submission, investigation and disposal, follow-up inspection” for OME institutions suspected of illegal and irregular acts, which helps urge OME institutions to work in accordance with laws and regulations and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers' occupational health.

Objective To investigate the correlation between preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptidogen(NT-proBNP)levels and early postoperative outcomes in elderly and critically ill pa-tients with hip fractures.Methods A total of 593 elderly and critically ill patients with hip fractures from January 2018 to April 2021 were selected,including 189 males and 404 females,aged≥65 years,BMI 12.0-35.5 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ.General preoperative information,intraoperative and post-operative discharge outcomes of patients were retrospectively obtained by the electrical clinical medical record system or telephone follow-up.The receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve of preoperative plas-ma NT-proBNP and postoperative 30-day death was plotted,and the corresponding optimal cut-off value was 1 765.0 pg/ml.According to NT-proBNP values,the patients were divided into two groups:low-ratio group(NT-proBNP≤1 765.0 pg/ml,group L,n = 463)and high-ratio group(NT-proBNP＞1 765.0 pg/ml,group H,n = 130).The correlation between different plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP before surgery and ICU length of stay,total length of stay,postoperative complications,and 30-day mortality rate were an-alyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Compared with group L,age,preoperative comorbidities with coronary heart disease,arrhythmia,chronic heart failure,lung disease,and chronic kidney disease,as well as mortality within 30 days after surgery were significantly increased in group H(P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high preoperative plasma NT-proBNP concentration was positive correlation with postoperative ICU length of stay(OR = 1.215,95%CI 1.073-1.375,P = 0.020)and 30-day mortality rate(OR = 32.696,95%CI 7.158-149.338,P＜0.001).Conclusion High preoperative plasma NT-proBNP concentration is positive correlation with postoperative ICU hospitalization timeand 30-day mortality.

Objective To analyze the problems found in the on-site quality assessment of occupational medical examination (OME) institutions in Guangdong Province. Methods A total of 150 OME institutions were selected as the research subjects from Guangdong Province in 2023 using a random number table method. The on-site quality assessment was conducted by listening to reports, meeting discussion, on-site inspection, data review and human-machine assessment. The relevant assessment results were analyzed. Results Occupational disease prevention and treatment institutes (institutes, centers) and disease control and prevention centers (hereinafter referred to as "occupational prevention institutions"), public hospitals, and private institutions accounted for 8.7%, 51.3%, and 40.0% respectively. The top three categories of registered inspections were physical factors, chemical factors and dust, accounted for 98.0%, 96.7% and 96.0%, respectively, among the 150 OME institutions. A total of 1 063 rectification items were identified, and the average number of rectification items identified per occupational prevention institutions, public hospitals and private institutions was four, six and nine, respectively. The rectification rates of the four modules of quality assessment from high to low were OME work quality control, quality management system, organizational structure, and OME information reporting, accounted for 53.2%, 23.3%, 13.7% and 9.7%, respectively. The coincidence rate from high to low of occupational reporting of noise-exposure, dust-exposure, and other hazard-exposure was 92.5%, 91.1%, and 93.4%, respectively. The on-site failure rate of quality control director, technical director, chief physician, pneumoconiosis film reader, audiometry reader and pulmonary function examination operator accounted for 15.3%, 12.7%, 8.0%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 2.7%, respectively. Institutions capable of conducting registered and partially registered OME accounted for 90.7% and 6.0%, respectively. The five institutions that were unable to conduct registered OME were private institutions. A total of five private institutions were found to be suspected of illegal and irregular activities. Conclusion The problems of OME in the on-site quality assessment of OME institutions in Guangdong Province were mainly quality control. Private institutions had more prominent problems in various aspects. It is necessary to strengthen the training of key personnel such as technical directors, quality control directors, and chief physicians.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the impaction of posterior wall on the prognosis following open reduction and internal fixation for fractures of acetabular posterior wall.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data from the 83 patients with fracture of acetabular posterior wall who had been consecutively treated by open reduction and internal fixation at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on involvement of posterior wall impaction. In the impaction group of 33 cases, there were 26 males and 7 females with an age of (47.4±11.6) years; in the non-impaction group of 50 cases, there were 43 males and 7 females with an age of (41.3±12.0) years. The quality of postoperative fracture reduction, the function of the affected hip at the last follow-up, and the complication rate during follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. Multifactorial binary logistic regression and age subgroups were used to analyze the effects of posterior wall impaction on functional outcomes.Results:The age, rate of associated injuries in other body parts, and rate of posterior wall comminution in the impaction group were significantly higher than those in the non-impaction group ( P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in other general data of patients between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (44.5±13.3) months after surgery. The rate of anatomical reduction in the non-impaction group (96.0%, 48/50) was significantly higher than that in the impaction group (57.6%, 19/33) ( P<0.05), and the good and excellent rate by the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel scale at the last follow-up in the non-impaction group (84.0%, 42/50) was significantly higher than that in the impaction group (51.5%, 17/33) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, the difference in hip function was still significantly different between the 2 groups ( OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.79, P=0.020). The effect of posterior wall impaction on functional outcomes was statistically significant in patients aged ≥50 years ( P=0.008), whereas the difference was not statistically significant in patients aged <50 years ( P=0.194). Conclusions:Compared with non-impaction ones, acetabular fractures of posterior wall impaction tend to lead to poorer quality of reduction, which in turn affects the postoperative recovery of hip joint function. The impact of impaction fractures on functional recovery is more significant in patients aged 50 years and above.

Chemogenetic technology is a receptor-ligand system that regulates cell viability and function by changing receptor specificity and affinity, and it achieves precise neuronal regulation by specifically regulating neurons and neural circuits. At present, this technique is widely used in the study of neural circuits. This article briefly describes the application and progress of chemogenetic technology in the study of depression neural circuits, reviews the application of chemogenetic technology in several brain regions closely related to depression, such as ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and lateral habenula, and discusses the potential and challenges of chemogenetic technology as a technology for precise regulation of neural activity in future research, in order to provide reliable ideas and directions for chemogenetic technology in the study of depression neural circuits.

A method capable of retinal vessel segmentation and three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction is proposed for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.The 3D reconstruction can avoid the misjudgments of blood vessel length,curvature and branch angle after segmentation,which will affect the early diagnosis.IAAnet algorithm for retinal image segmentation combines traditional Unet with Inception V3,atrous spatial pyramid pooling and AttentionGates to reduce information loss and avoid over-fitting,thereby improving the network's ability to extract features.The projection reconstruction method is used to restore the 3D information of blood vessels,and supports the adjustments of brightness and contrast,so that doctors can better observe the real state of blood vessels.The proposed algorithm has an accuracy,recall rate,F1 score,intersection over union and area under ROC curve of 97.68%,96.07%,97.26%,92.79%and 94.00%,respectively.Compared with other networks,IAAnet algorithm exhibits higher segmentation accuracy,and can obtain more vascular information in 3D image after 3D projection reconstruction to assist in the early diagnosis.