Interstitial brachytherapy with radionuclide seeds has been successfully used for the treatment of cancer. But there are some problems remain to be solved. This review focus on some recent advances in the study of brachytherapy, including the option of radionuclides, the influence of dosage distribution by using different sources, the quality assurance, the application of brachytherapy in hollow visceral neoplasm,and new trends in brachytherapy.

Objective Acute ischemic cerebral stroke is mainly caused by acute thrombi obstructing cerebral arteries, accounting for 50%-60% of acute cerebral vascular diseases, and is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The advancements of medical imaging and neuro-interventional technology, intraarterial thrombolysis have become the main therapeutic managements for acute cerebral arterial thrombosis. The authors also reviewed many issues in relation to the technique of intra-arterial thrmbolysis for acute cerebral thrombi.

Although the technologic development of interventinal neuroradiology is surprisingly fast,there still remain some kinds of intracranial aneurysms which cannot be completely obliterated from blood circulation.The advent of Onyx makes complete occlusion of many kinds of intracranial aneurysms possible including giant and irregular aneurysms.This paper reviews the use of Onyx in treating intracranial aneurysms with the advantages and disadvantages.

Objective:To investigate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in urine exfoliated cells of benign and malignant urothelial diseases, in an attempt to evaluate the role of detecting hTERT gene expression in cytologic diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma. Methods: The expressions of hTERT gene were detected by immunocytochemistry staining in 54 patients with transitional cell carcinoma(25 cases with grade Ⅰ, 26 with grade Ⅱ and 13 with grade Ⅲ) and 20 controls, including 10 patients with urinary tract stone and 10 healthy volunteers. The urine exfoliative cells of both groups were also stained by H-E and the results were compared with those of immunocytochemistry.Results: hTERT was detected in 74.1% (40/54) of patients with transitional cell carcinoma and in 5%(1/20) of the controls (P

Objective To report the first case of cutaneous type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(cATLL) in China. Methods The skin lesion was examined by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and the immunophenotype was also studied. ELISA and Western blot were used to test the serum antibodies to HTLV-Ⅰ, and HTLV-Ⅰproviral DNA of lymphoid cells was detected by PCR. Results The patient had polymorphic skin lesions including papules, plaques, and bullae with tense or flaccid walls. Histopathogical examination showed subepidermal bullae, and there were small-to-medium-sized atypical lymphoid cell infiltrations in the dermal papilla in the bottom, and border of the bulla. CD45+ and CD45RO+ staining, and negative DIF were observed in the atypical lymphoid cells. The serum antibodies to HTLV-Ⅰ, and proviral DNA of HTLV-Ⅰin the blood lymphoid cells were detected. The patient died with a disease course of one year and ten months. Conclusion ATLL is not extremely rare in China, and cATLL may also exist.

Objective: In T_(739) inbred line mice,bladder cancer model was established via tumor source transplant.In order to get insights of the biological effects of implanting ~(125)I seed to treat bladder cancer,the development and the pathological modality of tumor tissues were observed through the experiment of implanting ~(125) I seed.The experiment was to provide theoretical gist and practical guidance for clinical(utilization) of ~(125)I seed for brachytherapy of bladder cancer. Methods: 16 T_(739) inbred line mice were divided into two groups(A:experimental group,n=8;B:control group,n=8) in random;bladder cancer model was established via tumor source transplant.When the diameter of the transplanting tumor was about 0.7 cm,~(125)I seeds were implanted at the tumor of experimental group while the empty seed was penetrated into the control group at the same position as the experimental group and the experimental mice were executed after 24 days.The longest vertical diameters(a) and(b) of tumor body were observed every 3 days and the volume of tumor body(V=ab~(2)/2) was calculated.Combining with the weight of mouse(W) and the weight of tumor body after execution of mice(w),the growth curve of tumor was protracted and the colony redouble time and tumor suppression rate were calculated.After fixation of formaldehyde,the pathological modality of tumor tissues were observed with HE staining. Results: ① The transplantation was 100% successful and there was no natural fade-away phenomenon.②After implantation of seed,the weight of group A mice increased by(4.93?0.60)g,and group B increased by(13.60?1.15)g(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and the antimicrobial resistance of nonfermenters Gram-negative bacilli causing nosocomial infection.METHODS Routine method was used to isolate and identify,antibiotics susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer on the NCCLS criterion of 2001.RESULTS Among 321 strains nonfermenters Gram-negative bacilli,Pseudomonas aeruginoa was 53.9%,Acinetobacter were 17.4%,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was 12.5%,Three kinds added up to 83.8%.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosea,Acinetobacter and S.maltophilia are important nonfermenters Gram-negative bacilli causing nosocomial infection and their drug resistant rate is very high.The matter is horrible in clinics,we should enforce monitoring.

Objective To determine the effects and significance of endotoxin preconditioning on iNOS activity,nNOS activity in rat cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebella region after global brain ischemia/reperfusion.Methods Global ischemia for 20 min was made by four-vessel occlusion model(4-vo) in 60 Wistar rats,among which 30 were injected of 20 ?g/kg MPL through caudal vein 24 h before model establishment.Another 8 rats undergoing sham operation served as controls.The dynamic change of iNOS activity,nNOS activity and neuron density of the cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebella region were observed at 1,4,8 h after reperfusion. Results The activity of iNOS and nNOS decreased significantly after endotoxin preconditioning in the regions mentioned above,as compared with that of rats only undergoing the ischemia/reperfusion.The neuron number in rat hippocampus decreased after ischemia/reperfusion,but no significant difference was found between control and endotoxin preconditioning groups.Conclusion The activity of iNOS and nNOS changed significantly after global brain ischemia/reperfusion.That endotoxin preconditioning decreased iNOS and nNOS activities may be the protective mechanism.

Objective To report a case of lymphomatoid papulosis(LyP)followed by mycosis fun-goides(MF)during his27years course and determine whether these diseases are clonally related.Methods Characteristics of clinicopathology and immunophenotype of skin tissues of different phases of the patients were compared.Simultaneously,clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement of skin lesion tissues and blood specimens were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis.Results A dis-tinct clinical and pathological feature was shown in this case of LyP followed by MF.The proliferating lym-phocytes in LyP and MF were mature T helper lymphocytes,and with same T-cell clone.Conclusion LyP followed by MF displays a same T-cell clone.The clonal T-cell is irrelevant to the biological behavior of these diseases.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of image guided navigation system (IGNS) and traditional methods for nasal inverted papilloma and sinus osteoma .Methods 73 cases of nasal inverted papilloma and sinus osteoma patients were divided into the navigation group and the non-navigation group ,the navigation group was given image guidance endoscopic sinus surgery ,the non-navigation group was given traditional endoscopic sinus surgery .operative time ,the anesthesia time ,amount of bleeding ,compli-cations and postoperative effects of the two groups were analyzed .Results The anesthesia time of the two groups had no significant difference(P>0 .05) ,the operative time ,blood loss had significant difference(P< 0 .05) .Ⅰ ,Ⅱ level recurrence rate of the two grups in nasal inverted papilloma had no significant difference(P>0 .05) ,while in stage Ⅲ ,Ⅳ ,the difference of recurrence rate had significant difference(P<0 .05) .In sinus osteoma ,1 case of recurrence in the non-navigation group ,the navigation group had no re-currence .In nasal inverted papilloma ,the complications of the two grouos had significant difference (P<0 .05) ,there was no signifi-cantly difference in stage Ⅰ ,Ⅱ(P>0 .05) ,while had significant different in stage Ⅲ ,Ⅳ(P<0 .05) .In the sinus osteoma ,the com-plications of the two grouos had significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion For sinus osteoma and Ⅲ ,Ⅳ level of nasal inverted papilloma ,IGNS could work well with endoscopic system ,improve operation accuracy and reduce complications .IGNS is of a useful tool for endoscopy sinus surgery and would make a great important development in future .