Endocannabinoid system has several kinds of receptors, all of which have correspondence ligands and pathways of synthesis and degradation, and they belong to G-protein coupled receptors family. Recently studies show that stimulation of cannabinoid receptors has inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion. In this article, we introduce the compositions of the cannabinoid family members, includingtheir receptors, ligands, and antagonists, and their effects on the gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Useful information can be provided for the further study on the effects of endocannabinoid system on gastrointestinal motility and secretion, providing theoretic evidences for clinical use of cannabinoid.

As an important member of the adisintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) superfamily,ADAM17 can mediate a variety of membrane molecular hydrolysis off,such as adhesion molecules,cytokines,growth factors,etc,and play an important role in regulating tumor cell adhesion,apoptosis,metastasis and proliferation through the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway,Notch signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.The research of ADAM17 targeted drugs provides a new direction for cancer therapy.

STAT-3 and Ki67 protein were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the EN 5 days group.Conclusion Post-hepatectomy EN in cirrhotic rats can speed up liver function recovery,prevent cholestasis,and promote liver protein synthesis and liver regeneration.

Objective To study the etiology, clinical and pathological characteristics, therapy and prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF). Methods The literature of 80 treated children with ARF from 1988. 1 to 2003.10 was reviewed. Results Sixty three cases (78.8%)suffered from mtrarenal ARF;47 glomerulonephritls (58. 8%); 15(18. 8%)prerenal ARF;2(2 5%)postrenal obstructive ARF. Twenty three cases with renal biopsy,9(39. 1%)MsPGN;4 (17. 4% ) MPGN; 4 (17. 4%) crescentic glomerulonephntis; 3 (13% ) endocapillary glomerulonephritls;2(8 7% )proliferative and sclerosing glomerulonephritis; 1(1. 3% )minimal changes. According to the different etiologic and pathological characteristics,different therapies were applied,infusion,oral prednisone ,and intravenous pulses of methylprednisone and cyclosphosphamide ,dialysis, or diuretic therapy and lowering blood. Thirty one (38. 8% )cases recov-ered;27(33 8% )cases improved; 10( 12.5% ) cases gave up treatments;21 (26 3% )died. The mortality of ARF from 1996 to 2003 was significantly lower than that from 1988 to 1995(x2 = 7.85 P

The main complications of Kawasaki diseases(KD) is relative to cardiovascular,especially coronary artery.Coronary artery lesions can be showed as arteritis,artery dilatation,aneurysm,arterial stenosis and so on.As a noninvasive,convenient,fast and well reproducible inspection method,echocardiography can offer dynamically observa tion of the evolution process of coronary artery lesions in each stage,accurately measure the coronary artery diameter,evaluate heart function in children,find other cardiac complications and which has become a standard diagnosis technics.With upgrades and new technology,the echocardiography plays a more and more important role in the diagnosis of acute period of KD and observation of curative effect,prognosis and long-term follow-up of recovery period of KD.

Objective To compare the difference in recurrence rates between the endovenous laser therapy(EVLT) combined with percutaneous continuous circumsature (PCCS) and simplex EVLT following the treatment of great saphanous vein incompetence through the introduction of propensity score matching (PSM).Methods T the baseline data of 170 patients diagnosed with great saphanous vein incompetence who were treated in Punan Hospital in Pudong New District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed,of which underwent EVLT were 87 cases as EVLT group and EVLT combined with PCCS were 83 cases as EVLT +PCCS group.The groups covariate were balanced based on the PSM function of SPSS software using 1 ∶ 1 nearest neighbor matching method.The recurrence rates of the two groups were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and the differences between the two groups were evaluated by Log-rank test.Results Sixty-seven pairs of patients were successfully matched.No significant difference between the two matched groups in the basic clinical features.Before PSM,the 1,2,and 3 year cummulative recurrence rates were 3.5％,5.4％ and 7.3％ in the EVLT group,and 0.9％,4.7％ and 4.7％ in the EVLT+PCCS group,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups by Log-rank test (P =0.491).After PSM,the 1,2,and 3 year cummulative recurrence rates were 5.2％,5.2％ and 7.1％ in the EVLT group,and 0％,1.0％ and 1.0％ in the EVLT+PCCS group,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P =0.031).Conclusion The PSM methods can effectively balanced the covariates of groups in non-randomised study.EVLT combined with PCCS can effectively reduce the recurrence rate after the treatment of great saphanous vein incompetence.

Objective To discuss the value of color Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of scimitar syndrome .Methods The echocardiographic results of 6 patients with a diagnosis of scimitar syndrome were reviewed retrospectively .Their sonographic and hemodynamic characteristics were also analyzed connected with the reports in the literature .Results Three cases had dextrocardia and the others had mesocardia .All cases got right ventricular dimension enlargement .Total or partial of right pulmonary venous connection to the inferior vena cava were 3 cases respectively .All cases had right pulmonary artery hypoplasia .All of 6 cases echocardiographic results were in accordance with the findings by CT angiography and 4 cases were confirmed by operation .Conclusions The sonographic features of scimitar syndrome were obvious ,and echocardiography was contribute to early diagnosis of scimitar syndrome .

AIM To speculate the hypoglycemic mechanism for rats with type 2 diabetes by exploring the therapeutic effects of leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus on liver insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2).METHODS The diabetic rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and fed with high-fat diet.The moleled rats were equally assigned into the control group and leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus group (extract group).After the test extract was orally administrated for four weeks,body weight,urine output,food intake,water intake and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were measured,and the levels of serum insulin,InsR and IRS-2 mRNA in liver tissue were investigated in rats.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the extract group showed a reduction in urine output,food intake,water intake,FBG and insulin levels.Meanwhile,the rats' body weights in extract group were presented a trend to increase.The gene expressions of InsR and IRS-2 in liver tissue were up-regulated.Moreover,the insulin sensitivity was improved.CONCLUSION The leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus can reduce FBS,improve insulin sensitivity,which may be associated with the increase of InsR and IRS-2 gene expression in liver tissue.

Objective: To understand current status of drinking water and toilet sanitation in rural schools of Anhui Province, and to provide basic knowledge for environmental sanitation improvement among rural schools in Anhui. Methods: One primary school and one secondary school from each of the 5 villages from 24 counties in Anhui were selected during 2014-2018. Data was collected through information review, on-site inspections and interviews. Results: School water supply methods were mainly based on local water supply from villages and towns, the rate was 58.16%, 58.95%, 65.07%, 62.78%, 67.69% from 2014 to 2018, respectively. Self-supplied water in some schools was initially untreated. The proportion of schools with sanitary toilets was 66.39%, 74.88%，76.26%，82.30%，94.20% during 2014 to 2018, respectively. The proportion of schools with toilets in the teaching building is lower than 30%. Proportions of schools with squatting toilets for girls was highest in 2017 (62.78%). The number of schools with no water faucets and no soap decreased by year, the lowest of 4.02% and 56.70% in 2018. Conclusion During the past five years, improvement has been observed in drinking water supply in rural schools in Anhui Province, however, the construction of toilets and surrounding environmental facilities still needs to be strengthened. The number of female toilet squats and the number of toilets in the teaching building and in the dormitory are relatively insufficient. While increasing the scale of toilet construction, it is also necessary to strengthen the quality of toilet management, and should pay attention to the relevant health education to teachers and students.