Objective To establish a oligochip method for detection of HBV Lamivudine drug resistance and evaluate the clinical role of the chip system.Methods 388 HBV DNA positive sera from patients receiving lamivudine treatment and 559 chronic hepatitis B patients not receiving lamivudine treatment,and 359 sera from HBV DNA negative controls were assayed for HBV mutations utilizing oligonucleotide microarray.Meanwhile,these results were contrasted with Quantitative PCR and DNA sequencing method.Results The results of clinical evaluation shows that for the codons 528,552 and 555,the agreements between the microarray and sequencing data are 96.6%,98.5% and 100%,respectively.In the 559 samples,which were detected positive for HBV DNA by quantitative PCR,all but three weak positive samples were positive by the microarray,demonstrating an agreement of 99.7%.All the 359 HBsAg negative samples were shown to be negative for HBV DNA by the microarray method.Conclusions The HBV-Lamivudine oligochip is eligible to detecting wild type HBV and HBV lamivudine-mutants in patient's sera.It has great potential application of administration for lamivudine treatment in HBV patients.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of paratyphoid fever A (fever A) complicated with severe kidney damage. Methods The data were retrospectively reviewed.Results The symptoms of poisoning and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as the slightly abnormal urinalysis (proteinuria, hematuria) appeared early, which got worse along with the progression of the disease. The symptoms of urinary system and azotemia appeared in the worst period. After treatment with antibiotic, 4 patients recovered early.Conclusion Paratyphoid fever A can cause severe kidney damage, with non-specific symptoms at the early stage. The seriousness of the abnormal of urine test can't be ignored as those provides the basis for the early diagnosis. The early use of antibiotic is the key to avoid and lessen the serverity of kidney damage.

The clinical evidences of the guideline came from clinical trials based evidence-based medicine. Applied principle of the evidence was: systematic reviews, RCTs, the results from multiple factors ana-lysis, consensus, especially combined with Chinese experience and some lung cancer guidelines used in USA or Europe. All doctors who use the guideline in making therapeutic strategy must combine patients' conditions with the knowledge of biological behavior, dynamic change and response to treatment of lung cancer.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases. It has the characteristics of high recurrence rate and prolonged course. At present, the problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more serious, the incidence of adverse reactions is high, and the disadvantages of long-term administration appear, which brings severe challenges to the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection. The prevention and treatment of UTI recurrence has become the focus of research. Recurrent urinary tract infection is related to the immune regulation mechanism of the body. Administration of immune regulation can provide new ideas for prevention and treatment. The vaccine based on immune regulation to prevent rUTI has made some progress. It can not only reduce the frequency of recurrences, but also decrease related symptoms. At the same time, the vaccine has good tolerance, high safety and good application prospect. This paper aims to summarize the progress of immune regulation and immune vaccines in vivo and clinical research.