Objective:Setting up a queuing simulation model to study the allocation and usage of MRI in certain regional hospital in East China. To find out the causes and put forward suggestions. Methods: Statistical method was used for statistical analysis of MRI inspection time. Queuing simulation model was used to analyzing MRI allocation and used in 7 top hospitals. The waiting queue length, average queue length, sojourn time and waiting time was calculated.Results: The average MRI examination waiting time of the 7 top hospitals in the whole region is 0.403 h. The waiting time of 2 hospitals is more than 40 min while which is less than 20 min in 3 hospitals. The equipment utilization rate is higher in 2 hospitals (vacancy rate is 11.9%-16.4%) while which is lower in 2 other hospitals (vacancy rate is 52.3%-58.9%).Conclusion: The problem of health allocations of resources could be solved by establishing regional MRI examination center radiation regional around.

Objective To study the relationship in displaying nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)lesions with different MR imagingprotocols.Methods 67cases of NPC proved by pathology were reviewed. Each patient was scanned with six MR imaging protocols (Tra T_1WI, TraT_2WI , SagT_1WI , CorFSIR , TraCE-T_1WI , CorCE-T_1WI ).Results All cases were displayed as mucosal thickening and /or soft tissue masses of nasopharynx. The involved parts were as follows: parapharyngeal spaces in 49 cases(73.1%) ,carotid sheaths in 33 cases ( 49.3% ) , prevertebral muscles in 32 cases ( 47.8% ) , medial pterygoids in 15 cases ( 22.4% ) , lateral pterygoids in 7 cases ( 10.4% ) , pterygoid plates in 9 cases ( 13.4% ) ,pterygopalatine fossae in 5 cases (7.5%), sphenoidal sinuses in 16 cases(23.9%), ethmoidal sinuses in 6 cases(9.0%), maxillary sinuses in 3 cases(4.5%),orbital cavity in 1 case (1.5% ), sphenoid bones in 12 cases(17.9%), petrous apices in 19 cases(28.4%), clivuses in 41 cases(61.2%), cavernous sinuses in 7 cases(10.4%), temporal lobes in 3 cases(4.5%) and cervical lymphnode mestases in 45 cases(67.2%). The lesions displayed by combination of TraT_2WI, SagT_1WI , CorFSIR and CorCE-T_1WI were corresponded with those displayed by the all six MR imaging protocols . Conclusion One or more MR imaging protocols can be optimized for displaying each lesion of NPC. The combination of Tra T_2WI , Sag T_1WI , CorFS IR and Cor CE -T_1WI can display NPC lesions completely.

ObjectiveTo construct recombinant adenovirus vector containing human pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1) and detect its expression in human umblical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). MethodsPDX1 obtained by BgⅢ/XhoI enzyme digestion from pUC57-PDX1 was ligated into the recombinant shuttle vector pShuttle-GFP-CMV to obtain the recombinant shuttle plasmid pShuttle-GFP-CMVPDX1. pShuttle-GFP-CMV- PDX1 was shifted to pAdxsi vector to obtain pAdxsi-GFP-PDX1 virus plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was packaged and amplified in 293 cells. The expression of PDX1 gene and protein in HUCMSCs was detected by fluorescence microscopy, RT-PCB, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western Blot. ResultsPDX1 gene was inserted correctly into shuttle plasmid and the recombinant adenovirus vector was successfully constructed according to the results of sequence and enzyme digestion identification. The adenovirus was effectively transfected into HUCMSCs. RT-PCR verified that PDX1 mRNA was positively expressed in HUCMSCs. Expression of PDX1 protein in the nuclear of HUCMSCs was found by immunofluorescence assay, immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. ConclusionThe adenovirus vector containing PDX1 gene is successfully constructed and effectively expressed in HUCMSCs.

Immune cascade due to inflammasome has become a research hotspot in recent years, and the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development and progression of liver diseases has attracted more and more attention. This article analyzes the action characteristics and regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver failure, and liver cancer, and establishes targeted therapy based on NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate immune response triggered by inflammasome, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Bile acids (BAs) are produced in the liver and are the final product of cholesterol catabolism, with a wide range of biological effects. This article reviews the research advances in the synthesis, transport, and metabolism of BAs and the role of BAs in regulating hepatocytes and immunity via enterohepatic circulation, as well as the current research on traditional Chinese medicine in the regulation of BAs, in order to further understand the mechanism of action of BAs in affecting intestinal flora and liver function, expand the knowledge of its regulatory mechanism, explore the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and related pathways in regulating BAs, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver-related systemic diseases by regulating BAs.

Liver failure is a common critical medical disease, and extensive liver cell necrosis within a short period of time exceeds the regeneration capacity of liver cells and thus results in an extremely high fatality rate. Promotion of effective liver regeneration is the key to antagonizing liver failure. Recent studies have shown that bile acid, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and intestinal microecology play an important role in liver failure and liver regeneration. This article reviews the association between bile acid, FXR, and intestinal microecology and their role in liver failure and liver regeneration, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of liver failure in clinical practice.

Liver failure is a syndrome of severe liver diseases commonly seen in clinical practice, and it has a high mortality rate and thus becomes one of the critical diseases in internal medicine. Massive hepatocyte death and the extent of hepatocyte death exceeding the liver’s regenerative capacity are considered the core events in the development and progression of liver failure, and direct injury and immune-mediated inflammatory injury are the two main factors in this process. An increasing number of evidence has shown that host immune response and inflammatory cascade play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver failure. This article reviews the mechanism of action of immunoregulation (congenital and adaptive) and inflammatory injury (inflammation inducers, receptor cells, and inflammatory mediators) in the process of hepatic failure, as well as the interactions between immune response and immune cells and between inflammatory response and inflammatory factors, in order to help understand the pathogenesis of liver failure and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure and drug research and development.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency.It severely affects the quality of life of patients and may lead to death.Accurate prediction of the risk of developing hepatic encephalopathy is crucial for early intervention and treatment.In order to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients in advance,many studies have been devoted to efforts to develop tools and methods to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy as early as possible,so as to develop preventive and early management strategies.Most conventional hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models currently assess the prob-ability of a patient developing hepatic encephalopathy by analysing factors such as clinical data and biochemical indicators,however,their accuracy,sensitivity and positive predictive value are not high.The application of artificial intelligence to clinical predictive modelling is a very hot and promising area,which can use large amounts of data and complex algorithms to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and prognosis.To date,there have been few studies using AI techniques to predict hepatic encephalopathy.Therefore,this paper reviews the research progress of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models,and also discusses the prospect of AI application in hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.It also points out the challenges and future research directions of AI in HE risk prediction model research in order to promote the development and clinical application of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.

In recent years,the morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been increasing worldwide,and the treatment strategies for HCC are still insufficient,which highlights the importance of exploring the pathogenesis and progression of HCC.Transient receptor potential(TRP)pathway is an important non-selective cation pathway,which is closely related to inflammatory response and sensory conduction.At present,a number of studies have shown that TRP pathway is also involved in the occurrence and development of HCC,inducing HCC invasion and migration.However,the overall potential mechanism and possible signal transduction pathways of TRP pathway in HCC remain unclear.Therefore,this article discusses the abnormal expression of TRP pathway in HCC,and reviews the key biological events of TRP pathway involved in the formation and progression of HCC,such as chronic liver inflammation-fibrosis progression,HCC cell proliferation,migration,apoptosis and HCC stem cell generation,and looks forward to its application prospect in HCC treatment.The aim is to better un-derstand the significance of TRP pathway in HCC,help to find new therapeutic targets and effective drugs,and open up a new situation for future clinical treatment.

Glycolysis is an important biological event in the metabolic reprogramming process of primary liver cancer.Its is mainly regulated by key rate-limiting enzymes in the glycolysis pathway,including hexokinase(HK),pyruvate kinase(PK),phosphofructokinase(PFK),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).Moreover,it can also be regulated by multiple mechanisms such as glucose transporters(GLUTS),monocarboxylic acid transporters(MCT),PI3K/AKT/mTORC signaling pathway and hypoxia induction factor(HIF).More and more studies have proved that key glycolytic enzymes and regulatory factors play important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell proliferation,invasion,metastasis,immune escape,and drug resistance.Currently,with the continuous in-depth research on the mechanism of glycolysis,clinical therapies targeting glycolysis has become a new therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.This article aims to summarize the research progress of key glycolytic enzymes and regulatory factors in the occurrence and development of primary liver cancer,hoping to provide help for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.