This study was aimed to explore the effect of total flavonoids and saponins from Huang-Qi Ge-Gen (HQGG) decoction on blood glucose (BG), serum lipid, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) of liver in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats, in order to investigate their interactions in regulating DM processes. A total of 66 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were the normal group, model group (A1B1), control group, total flavonoids group (A2B1), total saponins group (A1B2), and total flavonoids and saponins group (A2B2), with 11 rats in each group. Except the normal group, other groups were intraperitoneal injected with streptozotocin (STZ). And the experiment was according to 2×2 factorial design experiment scheme. The BG was determined before STZ injection and 7 days after the STZ injection. After 30 days, BG, serum lipid, IL-12 and IL-15 of liver were tested. Related indexes were calculated to the weighted composite score. Main and interactive effect of total flavonoids and saponins were studied according to the factorial design experiment scheme. The results showed that compared with the normal group, all indexes of model group showed statistical differences (P<0.05). Total flavonoids and saponins from HQGG decoction can effectively reduce BG, without any interactions between them. Both the total flavonoids and total saponins can reduce serum cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), liver IL-12 and IL-15. And there were interactive effects. The single use of herb achieved better effects than the combination. It was concluded that total flavonoids and saponins from HQGG decoction can reduce BG, CHO, TG, and liver IL-12 and IL-15 levels in rats. However, the regulation of total flavonoids and saponins on indexes mentioned above showed no additive effect.

OBJECTIVE To explore the hotspots of aging adaptation of drug package inserts， and to provide evidence for the development of aging adaptation of drug package inserts in China. METHODS The relevant English literature on drug package inserts for the elderly published from 2012 to 2022 was retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection； bibliometric analysis was performed by using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software， to explore research hotspots in this field， and summarize obstacles and solutions for the development of this field. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This study collected a total of 335 literature related to the aging adaption of drug package inserts， from 819 research institutions in 51 countries （regions）， involving 2 174 authors. The research development of drug package insert adaptation for the elderly has slowed down in the past decade， and developed countries such as the United States and Japan dominate this field. Authors such as Wolf from Northwestern University in the United States， have the largest number of publications（12 literature）. The research focuses in this field include the risk management of medication for the elderly， the updating of medication information for the elderly in drug package inserts， and the understanding and compliance of the elderly with drug package inserts and their influencing factors. The solutions to related obstacles in the development of aging adaption in drug package inserts include improving the visibility and readability of drug package inserts， filling in the information on elderly medication in drug package inserts， and so on. China can learn from the experiences and methods of other countries， conduct investigations into the influencing factors of elderly package inserts and pharmacokinetic studies based on the characteristics of the Chinese population， and improve the safety of medication for elderly patients in multiple dimensions.