AIM: To investigate the antitumor effects of tumor necrosis factor- ? (TNF - ?) and interferon -?(IFN -?) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . METHODS: Cytotoxicity of the combination of TNF-? and IFN-? on HCC in vitro was measured by using a crystal violet (CV) staining method. Antitumor effects of the combination of TNF- ? and IFN - ? on HCC in vivo were observed by intra - hepatic injection of TNF-? and IFN-? to the tumor in a human HCC nude mice hepatic model. RESULTS: The growth of HCC cells was inhibited by TNF -? alone, which was dose - dependent. The cytotoxicity of TNF -? on HCC was enhanced by incubation with IFN -?. TNF at 107 U/L, or IFN -? at 106 U/L alone killed only 27.1 % or 7.9 of HCC cells, respectively, when combined with IFN -?, it killed 83.7% of HCC cells. A synergistic antitumor effect on HCC in vivo was observed in combination group, as tumor growth inhibition rate was 35.9% compared with 17.2% in TNF-? group and 5.6% in IFN -? group. The survival period of mice bearing tumor was significantly prolonged and serum AFP was significantly decreased in combination group (P

Objective To evaluate the sonographic features of testicular adrenal rests tumors in minor males. Methods The sonographic feature of pathologically or clinically confirmed testicular adrenal rests tumor in 13 minor males was retrospectively analyzed;we analyzed the number, morphology and size of affected testis; the involvement of testicular mediastinum; lesion location; the growth pattern, shape, boundaries, size, internal echo and blood supply of lesions. Results All of the 13 cases were bilateral and there were 26 lesions in all, 5 cases (5/13, 39%) had normal testicular size and morphology, testicular mediastinum were seen in 12 cases (12/13, 92%);26 (26/26, 100%) TARTs were all located near the testicular mediastinum or the testis hilar;21 (21/26, 81%) lesions had irregular shape while 5 (5/26, 19%) lesions were round;26 (26/26, 100%) lesions all had clear boundary but had no echo envelope;the lesion size was (1.5 ± 1.0) cm in average;13 (13/26 , 50%) lesions showed homogeneous hypoecho, 11 (11/26, 42%) lesions showed inhomogeneous hypoecho and 2 (2/26, 8%) lesions showed inhomogeneous isoecho; 19 (19/26,73%) lesions displayed rich blood supply and 7 (7/26, 27%) lesions displayed scarce blood supply. Conclusion The sonographic appearance of TART in minor males was characteristic, ultrasonography has important clinical value.

Objective To study the efficacy of percutaneous ablative therapy for malignant liver lesions under real-time virtual guidance. Methods Percutaneous ablations were applied to 76 patients with 125 malignant liver lesions under the guidance of a real time virtual system (RVS). 64. 8% (81/ 125) lesions were undetectable on conventional ultrasound (US). The time spent on image fusion and the local treatment response were studied. Results The average time taken to synchronize the ultrasound and CT images was (19. 2±12. 8) min (range 5～55 min). Complete ablations were achieved in 86. 4% (38/44) of distinctly visualized lesions and in 91. 6% (74/81) of poorly visualized lesions on US. No treatment associated complications were found. Conclusion Ablation assisted by RVS and CT was safe and efficacious, especially for lesions undetectable by conventional ultrasound.