Objective To explore the distribution and characteristic of class 1 integrons among Shiga toxin-producing E.coli(STEC) in China,and to elucidate the type of cassettes.Methods Antibiotics susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method,class 1 integron was detected by PCR assay and PCR products were sequenced and analyzed in eight isolates.Results Four isolates were multiple-drug resistant whose antibiogram were ampicillin,tetracycline,erythromycin,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin,but two isolates conferred resistance of streptomycin and spectinomycin simultaneously.Only the two isolates carried class 1 integrons ranging in 1 000 bp which located on the plasmid of 7 800 bp.The sequenced PCR product demonstrated that the 1 000 bp integron harbored aad A1 gene cassettes conferred the resistance of streptomycin and spectinomycin;and linked with sul 1 and qacE?1 gene conferred the resistance of sulfamethoxazole and quaternary disinfectants.Conclusion The class 1 integrons exists among STEC isolates in China and determines the resistant antibiotics.

Objective To explore the characterization of mitochondrial DNA and cytochrome b(Cytb) gene from Martes zibellina L..Methods The mtDNA were extracted from fresh heart and liver of Martes zibellina L.by alkaline lysis method respectively,and Cyt b gene segment was amplified by PCR technique and sequenced.Results The complete 16800 bp mtDNA was separated from both samples,and the Cytb gene with 310 bp segments was amplified by PCR and the sequence indicated that the homologous similarity was 99% with sable Martes zibellina L.(GenBank:AB026109.1) and it was 45% with other animal similarity.Conclusion There is complete mtDNA in tissues of Martes zibellina L.and Cytb partial gene from martes zibellina L.may be used as the genetic marker for identification of different species.

Objective To compare the main pharmacodynamic actions between Siji Sanhuang Capsules (SSC) and Siji Sanhuang Pills (SSP). Methods Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of SSC and its effect on the intestinal movement in normal mice and constipation mice were observed. Results SSC could relieve fever in rats induced by the fresh beer yeast and 2,4-dinitrophenol, significantly inhibit the auricular swelling induced by xylol and the increased capillary permeability caused by histamine in mice, and promote the intestinal movement in normal mice and constipation mice. In-vitro antibacterial experiments showed that SSC had an obvious bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus,typhoid bacillus, Bacillus coli, Shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus proteus. The effects were in a dose-dependent manner and the effects of SSC were stronger than those of SSP. Conclusion SSC exerts a Strong antipyretic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and carthartic effect.

Objective To study the relationship between lymph node micrometasis and clinicopathological parameters.Methods Immunohistochemical method was adopted to detect cytokeratin pan(CK)、Epithelial Membrane Antigen(EMA) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA) in 389 lymph nodes from 36 cases of breast cancer, in which conventional pathological diagnosis showed no lymph node metastasis.Results Micrometastasis was found in 38 lymph nodes (9.2) of 12 cases (33.3) .The incidence of micrometasis was correlated with tumor size. Pathological diagonosis and metastasis lymph nodes. Conclusion Micrometastasis detection in negative lymph nodes of breast cancer is recommended to precisely determine the tumor stage, in order to direct cancer therapy and predict prognosis.

Abstract In order to improve the prevention and control of myopia, this paper examines the significance of hyperopia reserves and its correct application, identifies problems requiring further attention and sums up past experiences. It puts forward a prevention and control system of myopia after introduction of the physiotherapy instruments, especially those based on the principle of red light. This paper discusses some mechanisms of low concentration atropine eye drops in preventing and controlling myopia. Finally, future research directions are proposed.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) and prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of 100 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma who underwent surgery in the First People's Hospital of Ziyang from January 2013 to October 2014 were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CXCR6 in 100 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. The patients were followed up to observe the positive rate of CXCR6 expression and the factors affecting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of renal clear cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Results: The positive rate of CXCR6 expression in renal clear cell carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant [46.0% (46/100) vs. 20.0% (20/100), χ² = 15.287, P < 0.01]. The positive expression rate of CXCR6 in patients with clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis and pathological grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was higher than that in patients with clinical stage Ⅰ- Ⅱ, pathological grade Ⅰ- Ⅱ and without lymph node metastasis, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). A total of 92 patients were followed up and 40 died. The follow-up time reached to (35-60) months and the median follow-up time was 48.9 months. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test showed that patients with positive CXCR6 expression had lower 3-year OS and PFS rate compared with patients with negative CXCR6 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (3-year OS rate: 52.1% vs. 78.6%, χ² = 10.027, P = 0.001; 3-year PFS rate: 48.3% vs. 67.8%, χ² = 4.344, P = 0.037). Cox regression multivariate analysis showed pathological grade (OS: OR = 2.154, 95% CI 1.547-9.517, P = 0.023; PFS: OR = 1.235, 95% CI 1.109-5.917, P = 0.042), lymph node metastasis (OS: OR = 1.412, 95% CI 1.109-5.917, P = 0.041; PFS: OR = 1.841, 95% CI 1.354-8.994, P = 0.010), CXCR6 expression (OS: OR = 1.864, 95% CI 1.358-6.813, P = 0.031; PFS: OR = 1.457, 95% CI 1.127-6.884,P = 0.025) were independent risk factors of OS and PFS for renal clear cell carcinoma patients treated by the surgery. Conclusions The positive expression of CXCR6 is an independent risk factor for OS and PFS of renal clear cell carcinoma. The prognosis of patients with positive CXCR6 expression is poor.

Pancreatitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the pancreas caused by autodigestion induced by excessive premature protease activation. However, recognition of novel pathophysiological mechanisms remains a still challenge. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, and the gut microbiota is a potential source of an environmental effect. In recent years, several new frontiers in gut microbiota and genetic risk assessment research have emerged and improved the understanding of the disease. These investigations showed that the disease progression of pancreatitis could be regulated by the gut microbiome, either through a translocation influence or in a host immune response manner. Meanwhile, the onset of the disease is also associated with the heritage of a pathogenic mutation, and the disease progression could be modified by genetic risk factors. In this review, we focused on the recent advances in the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, and the genetic susceptibility in pancreatitis.

Background: Ferroptosis, which is caused by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, is a type of cell death linked to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous research has shown that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is involved in the regulation of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy. The present study was constructed to explore the role of FABP4 in the regulation of ferroptosis in DKD. Methods: We first detected the expression of FABP4 and proteins related to ferroptosis in renal biopsies of patients with DKD. Then, we used a FABP4 inhibitor and small interfering RNA to investigate the role of FABP4 in ferroptosis induced by high glucose in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HG-HK2) cells. Results: In kidney biopsies of DKD patients, the expression of FABP4 was elevated, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CP-T1A), glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain, and ferritin light chain showed reduced expression. In HG-HK2 cells, the induction of ferroptosis was accompanied by an increase in FABP4. Inhibition of FABP4 in HG-HK2 cells changed the redox state, sup-pressing the production of reactive oxygen species, ferrous iron (Fe2+), and malondialdehyde, increasing superoxide dismutase, and reversing ferroptosis-associated mitochondrial damage. The inhibition of FABP4 also increased the expression of CPT1A, reversed lipid deposition, and restored impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, the inhibition of CPT1A could induce ferroptosis in HK2 cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that FABP4 mediates ferroptosis in HG-HK2 cells by inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation.

Objective To compare the difference in dose of general anesthesia between pastoral patients and urban pa-tients.Methods The patients who performed abdominal surgery under general anesthesia in Peoples hospital of Bortala Mongo-lian Autonomous Prefecture from January 1st to April 30th 2022 were included and divided into pastoral patient group and ur-ban patient group according to the residential place of patients.Anesthesia and surgery were carried out according to hospital regulations.The general characteristics of all patients were recorded and the dosages of general anesthesia drugs were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in general and intraoperative con-ditions.Patients'performances were stable,and no severe adveres reaction was observed.The dosages of Propofol,Remifen and Rocuronium in pastoral patients were higher than that in urban patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The dosage of general anes-thesia for patients in pastoral areas is higher,which ensures the stability of anesthesia depth and vital signs of patients,creates good conditions for surgery and promotes rapid recovery of patients.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this review was to delineate our current knowledge of the close relationship between the abundance of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and the risk of all major cardiovascular disease, especially atrial fibrillation (AF).

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review were mainly from articles reported in PubMed published from 1972 to 2014.

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles and critical reviews relevant to EAT and AF were selected.

RESULTSEAT, a particular form of metabolically active visceral fat deposited around the heart, is being regarded as an important independent predictor of cardio-metabolic diseases. EAT is composed of smaller adipocytes than other visceral fat depots and functioned like brown adipose tissue (BAT) to protect adjacent tissues. Improving the understanding of EAT in AF genesis and maintenance may contribute to prevent AF and reduce the complications associated with AF.

CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that EAT associates with AF severity and the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation even after adjustment for AF risk factors, but the precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated.