Objective To observe the local field potential activity of dorsomedial and dorsolater striatal (STR) neurons in rats with exercise-induced fatigue,so as to explore the regional characteristics of those neurons.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group(CG),a single fatigue group(SFG)and a repeated fatigue group(RFG),each of 12.The exercise-induced fatigue model was established according to a load-increasing treadmill running protocol.The CG did not do any treadmill running,SFG finished one-time exhaustive exercise while the RFG repeated exhaustive exercise 6 times.The extracellular glass microelectrode technique was used to record the spontaneous firing of dorsomedial(n=6)and dorsolateral(n=6)STR neurons in vivo to observe the discharging frequency,characteristics and types.Results (1)Spontaneous firing frequencies of striatal neurons in SFG were significantly higher than those of CG(P＜0.01),while those of RFG were significantly lower than SFG.(2) After repeated fatigues,there were significant decreases in the irregular firing pattern and significant increase in the explosive firing of striatal neurons compared with CG(P＜0.05).(3)After the single fatigue and repeated fatigue,the discharging frequency of dorsomedial medium spiny-like neurons increased significantly(P＜0.05),and that after repeated fatigue significantly higher than that of the dorsolateral(P＜0.01).The discharge frequency of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral fast-spiking neurons decreased significantly after repeated fatigues.The discharge frequency of dorsolateral large aspiny-like neurons of RFG was significantly higher than SFG,while that of the latter was significantly lower than CG(P＜0.05).Conclusions (1)Striatal neurons mediate exercise-induced fatigue and present regional characteristics,which might be due to dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatal neurons receiving different types of projection neurons.(2) Striatal fast-spiking neurons may play an important role in mediating the exercise-induced fatigue.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in Moyu County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the management of dyslipidemia. Methods: The physical examination data of permanent residents at ages of 18 years and older were collected from Moyu County from 2018 to 2019, including demographic features, height, body weight, blood pressure and blood biochemical parameter measurements. The epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidemia were analyzed among residents. Results: Totally 166 142 adults were investigated, with a mean age of (41.08±15.72) years. There were 77 744 men (46.76%), 34 728 obese adults (20.90%), 5 776 adults with diabetes (3.48%) and 26 294 adults with hypertension (15.83%). The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were (1.38±0.98), (4.13±1.19), (1.31±0.41) and (2.25±0.77) mmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 29.72%, and the detection rates of high TG, high TC, low-HDL-C and high LDL-C were 9.73%, 4.59%, 19.65% and 1.99%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in men than in women (33.97% vs. 25.98%; χ2=1 264.729, P<0.001), and the prevalence increased with age (χ2=539.382, P<0.001) and body mass index (χ2=3 601.833, P<0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.48% among patients with hypertension (χ2=497.251, P<0.001) and 46.07% among patients with diabetes (χ2=766.142, P<0.001). There were 9 059 adults with two and more abnormal blood lipid indexes (18.35%), and the detection rates of two and more abnormal blood lipid indexes were 26.50%, 24.14% and 33.15% among patients with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in Moyu County is lower than the national level, and low-HDL cholesterolemia is the most common type of dyslipidemia. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among patients with obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in whom abnormality of multiple blood lipid indexes is measured.

Glycolytic metabolism enzymes have been implicated in the immunometabolism field through changes in metabolic status. PGK1 is a catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Here, we set up a high-throughput screen platform to identify PGK1 inhibitors. DC-PGKI is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PGK1 with an affinity of K _d = 99.08 nmol/L. DC-PGKI stabilizes PGK1 in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses both glycolytic activity and the kinase function of PGK1. In addition, DC-PGKI unveils that PGK1 regulates production of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistically, inhibition of PGK1 with DC-PGKI results in NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) accumulation, then NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to the proximity region of Il-1β and Il-6 genes, and inhibits LPS-induced expression of these genes. DC-PGKI ameliorates colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. These data support PGK1 as a regulator of macrophages and suggest potential utility of PGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.