Objective To investigate the morphological difference of spinal single vertebral tuberculosis and metastasis by means of CT.Methods CT features of 16 cases of single vertebral tuberculosis and 17 cases of single vertebral metastasis which were proven by clinically and/or pathology, were retrospectively analyzed,and then the CT differential criteria of the two categories of diseases was recommended.Results The reliable CT findings for vertebral tuberculosis were as follows: involvement of anteriomedial potion of vatebral body,presence of sequstra in lesion ,marginal sclerosis in the edge of lesion,calcification within paravertebralmass or abscesses ,only edge enhancement of more of paravertebralmass.Metastasis was characterized by involvement of posteriomedial portion of vertebral bone,absence of sequestra within lesion ,no calcification within paravertebralmass.Both of them had normal intervertebral disc.Conclusion The different CT features of the single vertebral tuberculosis and metastasis are helpful in differerntiating diagnosis ,the morphological change of intervertebral discs is not helpful in differerntiating diagnosis .

Objective To discuss the clinical value of intercostal arterial embolization for the treatment of hemoptysis.Methods A total of 91 patients with hemoptysis were enrolled in this study.Intercostal arterial embolization was performed using gelatin sponge.The patients were closely observed after the operation.For recurrent cases,re-embolization was carried out after identifying the causes of relapse.Results A total of 111 operations were performed on the 91 patients,including embolization of the bronchial and intercostal arteries in 74 cases,and simple embolization of the intercostal artery in 17.The rate of immediate hemostasis was 98.9%(90/91).The patients were followed up for 8 to 14 months,during which the recurrent rate was 15.4%(14/91).No serious complication occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion By embolizing both bronchial and intercostal arteries,the efficacy of the procedure can be increased and the rate the recurrence decreased,as long as proper measures have been taken to avoid serious complications.

Objective:To establish a fluid dynamics model of upper airway before and after surgery and explore the changes of three-dimensional fluid dynamics in patients with micrognathia.Methods:A patient with micrognathia and severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)accepted CT scan before and six months after mandibular advancement operation.Computation-al fluid dynamics model was built on the base of CT scan by Mimics 1 0.01 and ANSYS ICEMCFD1 4.0.The internal flow of upper respiratory tract was simulated by ANSYS-FLUENT 1 4.0 and the results were analyzed by Tecplot.Results:Fluid dynamics model of upper airway was constructed before and after the surgery respectively.The volume of the upper airway of the patient increased from 37.284 cm3 to 44.498 cm3;the most narrow area of upper airway was located in the lower bound of pharyngopalatiae,and it was augmented from 1 .1 35 cm2 to 2.297 cm2;the minimum pressure was decreased from1 01 308 Pa to 1 01 272 Pa;the maximum air velocity increased from 3.476 m/s to 4.978 m/s.Conclusion:Mandibular advancement may correct the occlusal deformity,ex-panse the upper respiratory tract,decrease the negative pressure and maintain the patency of the airflow in the treatment of patients with micrognathia and OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and value of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in treating arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of lower extremity that shows no visualization of its vascular outflow tract. Methods A total of 19 patients with ASO of lower extremities showing no outflow tract visualization were included in this study. The patients included 11 males and 8 females with a median age of 66 years (48-79 years. The main clinical symptom was rest pain of the leg in all patients; 10 cases had different degrees of foot ulcer and gangrene. Preoperative multi-slice CT angiography and DSA examination were performed in all patents. After PTA, the patients were followed up for 12 months, the changes of the clinical symptoms and signs were recorded. The claudication distance, toe skin temperature, ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), and CT angiography or color Doppler examination were separately performed before and one, 3, 6 and 12 months after PTA. Results In the 19 patients (38 diseased limbs in total), ASO with no visualization of vascular outflow tract was detected in 54 arteries, 3%), posterior tibial artery (n=18, 33.3%), peroneal artery (n=9, 16.7%) and popliteal artery (n=2, 3.7%). The technical success rate of limb PTA was 89.5%, while the technical success rate of single artery PTA was 85.2%. After PTA, the skin temperature of all the diseased limbs that had been successfully treated was obviously improved, the pain was significantly relieved or disappeared. One, 3, 6 and 12 months after PTA, the claudication distance, toe skin temperature, ABI and TBI were strikingly improved when compared with those determined before PTA (P<0.05). Twelve months after PTA the vascular restenosis rate was 39.5% (15/38), the limb vascular patency rate was 55.3% (21/38), and the limb salvage rate was 81.6%(31/38). Conclusion For the treatment of lower extremities arterial obliterans with obstructed outflow tract, PTA is safe and effective in short-term period. Although its long-term restenosis rate is higher, this technique can effectively control the progress of the disease, relieve the clinical symptoms, and help improve the limb salvage rate of ischemic limbs.

Objective:To review the treatment of life threatening head and neck space infection.Methods:Retrospective was con-ducted to analyse the patient characterization,signs and symptoms at the time of presentation,presence of concomitant systemic co-morbidities,treatment,prognosis and bacteriology.Results:32 patients from 2007.01 to 2013.01(mean age was 57.71 years)were included.The cases were increased year by year.1 1 (34.37%)patients had breathing difficulty requiring tracheostomy and 19 (59.3%)had concomitant systemic comorbidities.23 cases recovered completely,8 with severe mediastinal infection were trans-ferred to the department of thoracic surgery or the department of respiratory medicine.1 patient died.Pus submission rate was 96.87%,the bacteria detection rate was 37.50%.Pus culture showed mixed infection dominated by streptococci.Staphylococcus au-reus,pseudomonas aeruginosa,enterococcus faecalis,prevotella and neisseria were detected.Conclusion:Annually incidence of life threatening head and neck space infection is increasing.Treatment of the infection should include:①Ensuring the airway patency;②Surgical incision and drainage as early as possible;③ Hypoglycemic control,maintenance of hemodynamic,nutritional support,and multi-disciplinary approach are the key points in the management of such infections;④ Systemic antibiotics.

BACKGROUND:At present, a great quantity of research has shown the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s for vascular restenosis. However, studies concerning their combined application to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with diabetes mel itus are presently lacking.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus.
METHODS:A dog model of vascular restenosis with diabetes mel itus was established by bal oon injury of femoral artery and intravenous injection of al oxan. After successful model induction, 22 dog models were randomly divided into three groups:model group (n=6), treatment with Chinese medicine (n=8), and combined treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and Chinese medicine (n=8). Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperation. Samples of vessels were taken to conduct pathomorphological observation and quantitative analysis of proliferation degree. Tissues, including heart, liver, kidney and pancreatic gland, were col ected to evaluate the safety of stem cel transplantation using hematoxylin-eosin staining at 8 weeks postoperation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels began to increase at 1 week postoperation in the Chinese medicine group and combined treatment group, at 4 weeks postoperation in the model group compared with preoperation (P<0.05). At al time points, serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were highest in the combined treatment group, but lowest in the model group (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis of vascular proliferation demonstrated that at 8 weeks postoperation, new intimal area, new intimal/medial areas and stenosis rate were highest in the model group, but lowest in the combined treatment group at 8 weeks postoperation (P<0.05). Safety assessment of stem cel transplantation showed morphological structures of the heart, liver, kidneys and pancreas were normal, no necrosis. In a word, the effects of the combined application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and benefiting-Qi nourishing-Yin and dissolving-congestion prescription were much pronounced in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus rather than single therapy of Chinese medicine. It is a safe and effective treatment to prevent vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in dogs with diabetes mel itus.

Objective To review the outcomes of three different methods of maxillomandibular advancement for the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Twenty-four patients with severe OSAHS from January 2011 to January 2014 treated by three different methods of maxillomandibular advancement(MMA) and genioplasty,maxillomandibular advancement without rotation plus genioplasty,maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation plus advancement genioplasty,maxillomandibular advancement with first premolars extraction and subapical osteotomy setback under general anesthesia were included in the study.Comparison of per-operative and post-operative cephalometric analysis,polysomnography(PSG),apnea and hypopea index(AHI),body mass index(BMI),average blood oxygen saturation(AOS),lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO2) and posterior airway space(PAS) data were performed.The operative time and post-surgical orthodontic treatment data were collected and analyzed.Results According to Stanford criteria,the success rate of 100％ was achieved with all the three methods.The difference between per-operative and post-operative AHI,AOS,SNPg and PAS were statistically significant(P＜0.000 1) for all the three methods.Significant difference was found between per-operative and post-operative SNA(81.51 °±3.36° vs 88.17°±4.51 °,P＜0.000 1),(82.25°±2.71 ° vs 86.54°±3.65°,P=0.000 2) and SNB(72.37°±3.99° vs 80.59°±3.40°,P＜0.000 1),(73.65°±3.80° vs 81.37°±2.96°,P＜0.000 1) among MMA without rotation plus genioplasty and MMA with counterclockwise rotation and advancement genioplasty respectively.However,no significant difference was found between the pre-operative and post-operative SNA(82.18°±4.27° vs 84.19°±2.70°,P=0.201 5) and SNB(73.28°±3.04° vs 75.35°±2.56°,P=0.264 0) among MMA with first premolars extraction and subapical osteotomy setback.The average duration of postoperative orthodontics treatment was 8.3 months.Conclusions MMA and advancement genioplasty is an effective surgical management for severe OSAHS.Cephalometric analysis and computer aided design are needed for personalized surgical methods.MMA without rotation and advancement genioplasty method leads to the protrusive skeletal deformity.MMA with counterclockwise rotation and advancement genioplasty method is effective in curing severe OSAHS with little effect on facial profile.MMA with first premolars extraction and subapical osteotomy requires longer operative time and longer postoperative orthodontic treatment.

A case of an ectopic canine located atypically in the infraorbital area was treated by Caldwell-Luc procedure with a small window on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus,and the nasal endoscopy was used to assist in the extraction of the ectopic canine,finally the ante-rior sinus wall repositioned and fixited.In this case,a rare infraorbital ectopic canine tooth was successfully extracted through minimally in-vasive surgery without significant postoperative complications.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint, chewing muscle system, dental occlusion, and even various structures throughout the body, with significant characteristics of biological-psychological-social pattern. TMD related chronic pain, as the most important clinical symptom, can result in negative emotions seriously affecting patients′ quality of life and physical and mental health. Although a variety of therapies have been previously reported to treat TMD related chronic pain, there is a lack of widely recognized therapies. Professor Jason W Busse (from Michael G DeGroote National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada) took the lead and collaborated with multiple internationally renowned schools/hospitals of stomatology to develop an international consensus on the management of chronic pain associated with TMD, a clinical practice guideline, which took two years and was published in December 15th, 2023 in a global top journal of clinical research The British Medical Journal. This clinical practice guideline explored the comparative effectiveness of available therapies for chronic pain associated with TMD, conditionally recommended the specific intervention for different treatment or pain relief, proposed a comprehensive, agreed, and standardized clinical practice guideline. This present article describes the methodology and key elements of the clinical practice guideline to help clinicians fully understand and appropriately apply this guidance, which could provide the references for clinical practice of TMD associated chronic pain in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of descending necrotizing mediastinitis(DNM)to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and timely treatment of DNM.Methods Data on DNM in China was electronically retrieved from the core databases and comprehensively reviewed from June 2012 to June 2023.The infection,pathogenic microorganisms,main symptoms,comorbidities and treatment methods of DNM were analyzed.Results The data of a total of 781 DNM patients,with an average age of(52.97±5.64)years,were retrieved,including 554 males and 227 females.Odontogenic source,tonsillitis,pharyngeal abscess,sialoadenitis,upper respiratory tract infection,foreign body injury,or iatrogenic traumatic procedures are common causes.Among these,odontogenic infection is the most common source.Streptococcus sp.(n=217)and Staphylococcus sp.(n=82)were most isolated,followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(equally n=59).A total of 69.4％(542/781)of DNM patients recruited in this study were discovered to have various comorbidities,and more than one-third of these patients(n=185)had diabetes.Of the broad antibiotics,carbapenem was most frequently used as treatment,and vancomycin was the most frequently coadministered.The mediastinal drainage approach varies widely,and the optimal regimen is still unknown.Seventy-two patients were treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic/mediastinoscopic surgical drainage,22 patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage,30 underwent the transcervical approach,and 40 underwent thoracotomy.A total of 617 patients who were selected underwent the appropriate combined operation for surgical drainage according to the specific location of the infected focus.The overall mortality rate of all 781 DNM pa-tients included was 11.2％.Conclusion The most effective diagnosis and treatment of DNM is a high degree of clini-cal vigilance followed by prompt and adequate drainage with intensive care,including hemodynamic monitoring,nutri-tional support,computer tomographic scanning repeated as necessary,and combined use of systemic antibiotics.