Objective To investigate the effects of OGP (10-14) and its derivate H86A on bone metrology in rats with ovariecto-my-reduced osteoporosis. Methods Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats, three months old, were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in groups 1 to 3 were bilaterally ovariectomized(OVX) and the others in group 4 were sham-operated. After the operation, rats in group 1 and group 2 were received derivate of OGP(10-14) H86A daily at different concentration. Group 3 were given placebo. Rats were killed after 12 weeks. Left tibias were disconnected and made into non-decalcified bone slice, and then they were detected and analyzed on indexes which were relative with bone metrology. Results Compared with Group 3, no other indexes except OV/BV was obviously different in rats with high dose H86A (P

Objective To report retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery in the treatment of bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis.Methods During the period from January 2008 through January 2015,47 patients with bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis were treated by retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery.They were 43 men and 4 women,aged from 24 to 67 years(average,43.6 years).After radical focus debridement,the areas of skin defect ranged from 2 cm × 2 cm to 5 cm× 5 cm and the bone defects ranged from 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm to 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm × 4.5 cm.Results All the 47 patients were followed up for 6 to 72 months (average,25.2 months).Relapse of osteomyelitis occurred in 2 cases but secondary bone graft was needed in none.All the patients recovered their walking function.The texture and color of the composite tissue flaps were similar to those of normal skin,without obvious swelling.The flaps appeared good and imposed no obstacle to wearing shoes.The ankles and hind feet of the patients scored from 58 to 91 points (average,76.6 points) according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) evaluation system,giving 7 excellent,32 good and 8 fair cases.Hallux flexion contracture without skin ulcer was observed in 10 cases 6 months after surgery,necessitating no surgical intervention.Conclusion Retrograde transposition of composite tissue flap pedicled with peroneal artery can effectively treat bone and soft tissue defects following calcaneal osteomyelitis,leading to a low recurrence rate and good foot appearance.

Objective To study the bone turnover and its related molecular mechanism in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods Of 30 male SD rats studied, 15 were induced diabetics by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg)and fed for 8 weeks. After the sacrifice of both the diabetic and control groups, serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin were determined, and 24 h urinary Ca and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (NTx)and creatinine (Cr)ratio were also determined. The left tibia was dissected for bone histomorphometry analysis. Right femur and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) were reserved for bone mineral density (BMD) determination. The right tibia was separated for the study of bone tissue RANKL/osteoprotegerin, Core binding factor 1 (Cbfa1) ,osterix and osteocalcin mRNA level which was performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Results No significant difference was found in serum Ca, P, and ALP levels between 2 groups of rats. ST-Z-induced diabetic rats were characterized by extreme hyperglycemia, marked weight loss, polyuria, and hypercalciuria. A low-turnover osteopenia was evidenced in diabetic rats by decreased BMD in both femur [(0. 099±0.013) vs (0. 139 ± 0.013 g/cm~3) , P < 0.01] and lumbar vertebrae [(0. 107±0.011)vs (0. 149±0.009) g/cm~3, P<0.01] , reduced serum osteoealcin level [a marker of formation, (3.03±0.52) vs (6. 18±0.71) ng/ml ,P<0. 01]) ,decreased urine NTx/Cr ratio [(5. 67±0.86) vs (5.23±0.98) nmol/g Cr, P<0. 05], decreased trabeeular volume and thickness, and reduced bone label surface and bone formation rate [(0. 44±0. 11) vs (0. 78±0. 14) μm/d,P<0. 01] by bone dynamic study. The RANKL/ osteoprotegerin [(0.57±0.11)vs (0.89±0.13) ,P<0.01] ,osterix [(1.93×10~(-4)±0.65×10(~-4))vs (4.19×10~(-4)± 0.71×10~(-4)) ,P<0.01] ,Cbfa1 [(26.68×10~(-4)±6.53×10~(-4))vs (37.21×10~(-4)±7.14×10~(-4)) ,P<0.01] ,and osteocalcin [(2.25×10~(-4)±1.19×10~(-4))vs (3.43×10~(-4)±1.63×10~(-4)) ,P<0.01] mRNA expressions were declined in the bone tissue of the tibia in the ST-Z-induced diabetic rats, as compared with the control. Conclusion A low-turnover osteopenia is evidenced in STZ-induced diabetic rats by significant decrease of both osteoclastic marker(RANKL/ osteoprotegerin)and osteoblastic marker (osterix ,Cbfa1 ,osteocalcin)mRNA levels in tibia.

ObjectiveTo study the effects and molecular mechanisms of Shuanglong Pill on angiogenesis of ischemic myocardium. Methods63 Wistar rats were ligated left anterior descending branch to be made into models of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).All rats were randomly divided into large-dosage group of Shuanglong Pill(LDG),small-dosage group of Shuanglong Pill(SDG),The control of acute MI(MIC).Other 11 rats were set as normal control(NC).Rats in every group had been treated half for 2 weeks and half for 4 weeks. New vessels' quantity in ischemic myocardium of acute MI rats were detected by immunohistochemistry double steps assay;the expressions of vessel endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on ischemic myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry SP assay;the expressions of VEGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA on ischemic myocardium were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay.ResultsThere were more new capillaries on ischemic myocardium of LDG, SDG compared with that in MIC at every stage,moreover,there was significantly increase at the end of 4 weeks compared with that at 2 weeks.At the end of 2 weeks, the expression of VEGF in LDG were significantly elevated compared with that in MIC; and the expression of bFGF in LDG were significantly elevated compared with that in SDG and MIC.Whereas the expression of VEGF in LDG were significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks compared with 2 weeks. There were significant differences of above comparison (P<0.05-0.01).At every stage the expression of VEGF mRNA in LDG, SDG were significantly elevated compared with that in MIC; but its expression was significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks compared with that 2 weeks. The expression of bFGF mRNA was significantly elevated in LDC at the end of 2 weeks compared with that in other groups.ConclusionsShuanglong Pill could promote angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium,application of large dose of Shuanglong Pill could significantly upregulate the expression of VEGF, bFGF, VEGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA.

Objective To study the autoimmune injuries on diabetic retinopathy(DR)and the protective effects of immunosuppre8sive therapy with eyelosporine A(CsA) on the DR of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1:diabetic group without any treatment;group 2:insulin-treated group;group 3:CsA-treated group which was further divided into 2 subgroups:subgroup A:CsA was given 1 week before hyperglycemia appeared and subgroup B:CsA was given one week after hyperglycemia appeared.Subgroup A and subgroup B were further subdivided into 3 groups respectively,based on the dose of CsA(1,4 and 8 mg·kg-1·d-1).As a control group,normal rats were also simultaneously monitored.The pathologic changes in the retina were investigated with HE stain and the deposition of immunoglobulins was detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent microscopy.Results After 8 week,the deposition of IgG, IgA and IgM was quite significant in the retina of diabetic rats.The data also suggested that insulin treatment had no effects on the DR.In contrast,with CsA intervention,the deposition of immunoglobulins on the retina of diabetic rats vanished.Conclusions Autoimmune injuries were shown,in the present study,to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.Immunosuppressive treatment with CsA showed protective effects by inhibiting the deposition of immunoglobulins in the retina of diabetic rats.

The effects of cyclosporine A on matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-2 and-9 expressions in the cardiac muscle of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and proteins in the cardiac muscle of diabetic rats were significantly upregulated,which could be decreasedby cyclosporine A(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The results suggest that cyclosporine A may effectively ameliorate the injuries of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Aim To investigate the role of ATP-sensi-tive potassium channels-Akt pathway in exogenous hy-drogen sulfide( H2 S) inhibiting the high glucose( HG)-induced injury in H9c2 cardiac cells. Methods The expression level of Akt protein was tested by Western blot assay. The cell viability was measured by cell counter kit-8(CCK-8 assay). The number of apoptotic cells was tested by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining fol-lowed by photofluorography. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were detected by DCFH-DA staining followed by photofluorography. Mi-tochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) was examined by JC-1 staining followed by photofluorography. Results H9c2 cells were treated with 35 mmol·L-1 glucose (high glucose, HG) for 0 ~24 h respectively. After treating for 3 h, the expression level of phosphorated ( p )-Akt protein began to be obviously reduced, the maximum reduced expression level was observed after the cells were exposed to HG for 24 h. Pretreatment of the cells with 50 μmol · L-1 pinacidil ( Pin, a KATP channel opener) or 400 μmol·L-1 NaHS( a donor of H2 S) prior to exposure to HG considerably blocked the down regulation of p-Akt expression level induced by HG. However, pretreatment with 1 mmol · L-1 KATP channel blocker glibenclamide( Gli) obviously attenua-ted the inhibitory effect of NaHS on HG-induced down-regulation of p-Akt expression level. On the other hand, the protective effects of NaHS against the HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury were markedly blocked by 30 μmol·L-1 Ly294002(an inhibitor of Akt), as indicated by the decrease in cell viability and MMP dissipation as well as the increases in the number of apoptotic cells and ROS generation. Conclution KATP channels-Akt pathway mediates the protective effect of H2 S against the HG-induced cardiac injury.

Parathyroid adenoma is the main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and often associated with thyroid nodular goiter.Thyrothymic thyroid rest belong to the ectopic thyroids which are classified into 4 grades according to the state of their connection with the proper neck thyroid gland.Thyrothymic thyroid remnant can also develop into nodular goiter and may be difficult to be distinguished from parathyroid adenoma.We present herewith the diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of parathyroid adenoma accompanied by thyrothymic thyroid remnant nodular goiter in order to remind clinicians of the attention to the thyrothymic thyroid remnant disease.

In patient with primary biliary cirrhosis,the metabolism of calcium and vitamin D could be affected and osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism might occurr.Besides,hypoalbuminemia may mask the real level of serum calcium and thus lead to misdiagnosis of coexisting parathyroid adenoma.Therefore,a rare case of parathyroid adenoma associated with primary biliary cirrhosis was herewith presented to call attention to the effect of hypoalbuminemia on serum calcium.

AIM:Tostudywhe ther theangiotens in-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis protects cardio-myocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.METHODS:The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA staining .The number of apoptotic cells was tested by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining .Mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was examined by JC-1 staining.The levels of NF-κB p65 subunit and cleaved caspase-3 protein were de-termined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Treatment of H9c2 cardiac cells with 35 mmol/L glucose (HG) for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min significantly enhanced the levels of phosphorated ( p) NF-κB p65, peaking at 60 min.Co-treatment of the cells with 1 μmol/L Ang-(1-7) and HG for 60 min attenuated the up-regulation of p-NF-κB p65 induced by HG. Co-treatment of the cells with Ang-(1-7) at concentrations of 0.1~30μmol/L and HG for 24 h inhibited HG-induced cy-totoxicity, evidenced by an increase in cell viability .On the other hand, 1 μmol/L Ang-(1-7) ameliorated HG-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage , indicated by decreases in the number of apoptotic cells , cleaved caspase-3 level, ROS generation and MMP loss .However, the above cardioprotective effects of Ang-(1-7) were markedly blocked by A-779, an antagonist of Ang-(1-7) receptor (Mas receptor).Similarly, co-treatment of H9c2 cardiac cells with 100 μmol/L PDTC ( an inhibitor of NF-κB) and HG for 24 h also obviously reduced the above injuries induced by HG.CONCLUSION:Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis prevents the cardiomyocytes from the HG-induced injury by inhibiting NF-κB pathway .