Background To explore the roles of human papilloma virus(HPV)and herpes simplex virus (HSV)in pathogenesis of pterygia are very important for provide more basis for the study of pterygia mechanisms.Objective The aim of the study was to detect the expression of HSV and HPV in pterygia. Methods A total of 68 specimens of pterygia and specimens of normal conjunction tissue were obtained during the operation.The expression of HSV DNA and HPV DNA in pterygia specimens and conjunetival tissue were detected and compared by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before the any medical procedure related to this study. Results Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that HPV DNA was detected in 12(17.65％)pterygia specimens,and HSV DNA was found in 15 (22.06％)pterygia specimens；however them were detected in 6(8.82％)and 1(1.47％)in conjunctival tissue respectively.Significant differences were found in the expression both HSV DNA and HPV DNA between pterygium tissue and eonjunctival tissue(HPV：χ2=10.291,P<0.05；HSV：χ2=4.561,P<0.05).The co-expression of HSV DNA and HPV DNA was seen in 5(7.35％)pterygium specimens,but no any co-expression of HSV DNA and HPV DNA was in conjunctival specimen. Conclusion HSV and HPV may participate in the pathogenesis and development of pterygium.The detection of virus DNA can offer an experiment evidence of HSV and HPV in pterygium generation.

Objective To explore the impact of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection on cerebral proteins and nerve growth in mice by 2D electrophoresis. Methods The cerebral proteins from C57BL/6J mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii and normal paired mice were extracted. The discrepant proteins were checked by 2D electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing was determined as the first direction (immobilized pH gradient gel 3-10) ,SDS-PAGE as the second direction to execute 2D electrophoresis, and PDQuest 1.0 software was used to analyze 2D electrophoretogram. Results The protein spots in Toxoplasma gondii infected mice and normal paired mice were (132 ±10) and (170 ± 13) , respectively. After the analysis by PDQuest 1. 0 software, only 19 protein spots were found to express in infected mice and only 37 protein spots were found to express in normal paired mice. Additionally, the obvious quantitative changes in a part of proteins of the cerebrum in the both group occurred. Conclusion There are obvious changes in cerebral proteins from mice with acute Toxoplasma gondii infection, which provids useful clues for studying the cerebral proteins injury in acute Toxoplasma gondii infected mice and the new cure drug.

Vigilance is defined as the ability to maintain attention for prolonged periods of time. In order to explore the variation of brain vigilance in work process, we designed addition and subtraction experiment with numbers of three digits to induce the vigilance to change, combined it with psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to measure this process of electroencephalogram (EEG), extracted and analyzed permutation entropy (PE) of 11 cases of subjects' EEG and made a brief comparison with nonlinear parameter sample entropy (SE). The experimental results showed that: PE could well reflect the dynamic changes of EEG when vigilance decreases, and has advantages of fast arithmetic speed, high noise immunity, and low requirements for EEG length. This can be used as a measure of the brain vigilance indicators.
Attention ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Mathematics

Mental fatigue is an important factor of human health and safety. It is important to achieve dynamic mental fatigue detection by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for fatigue prevention and job performance improvement. We in our study induced subjects' mental fatigue with 30 h sleep deprivation (SD) in the experiment. We extracted EEG features, including relative power, power ratio, center of gravity frequency (CGF), and basic relative power ratio. Then we built mental fatigue prediction model by using regression analysis. And we conducted lead optimization for prediction model. Result showed that R2 of prediction model could reach to 0.932. After lead optimization, 4 leads were used to build prediction model, in which R' could reach to 0.811. It can meet the daily applicatioi accuracy of mental fatigue prediction.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Mental Fatigue ; Models, Biological ; Sleep Deprivation

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Basilar Artery ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; etiology

We applied Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) combined with brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) to study the change of alertness under sleep deprivation in our research. Ten subjects were involved in 36 hours sleep deprivation (SD), during which spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments and auditory evoked EEG experiments-Oddball were recorded once every 6 hours. Spontaneous and evoked EEG data were calculated and BEAMs were structured. Results showed that during the 36 hours of SD, alertness could be divided into three stages, i. e. the first 12 hours as the high stage, the middle 12 hours as the rapid decline stage and the last 12 hours as the low stage. During the period SD, LZC of Spontaneous EEG decreased over the whole brain to some extent, but remained consistent with the subjective scales. By BEAMs of event related potential, LZC on frontal cortex decreased, but kept consistent with the behavioral responses. Therefore, LZC can be effective to reflect the change of brain alertness. At the same time LZC could be used as a practical index to monitor real-time alertness because of its simple computation and fast calculation.
Attention ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Sleep Deprivation

Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major event in the pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification (PCO),and the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is the marker of EMT.Previous studies showed that breviscapine plays an important role in anti-fibrosis and suppression EMT,however,the mechanism of its effect on EMT in LECs is unclear.Objective Present study was to investigate the effect of breviscapine on the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin (FN) in human LECs induced by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2).Methods Human LECs strain,HLE-B3,was cultured and passaged in DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.Different concentrations of breviscapine (6.75,12.75,25.00,50.00 and 100.00 mg/L)were added into the medium for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively,and then cell cunting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of breviscapine to HLE-B3.In addition,HLE-B3 was subcultured at the density of 1 × 106/hole and divided into 4 groups.The cells were in free-serum medium as the normal control;the cells were exposed in 10 μg/L TGF-β2 as TGF-β2 group;while in the breviscapine group,10 mg/L of breviscapine was added into the culture medium and another group was the combination of 10 mg/L breviscapine and 10 μg/L of TGF-β2 treatment.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA expressions of α-SMA and FN as well as their protein in HLE-B3 72 hours after cultured.Results The inhibitory rate of breviscapine to HLE-B3 proliferation was gradually elevated with the increase of concentration of breviscapine,showing a significant inhibition of the cell proliferation among the different groups and at various time points (F =292.851,P=0.000;F =65.037,P=0.000).IC50 of HLE-B3 at 72 hours was 22 mg/L,and therefore,in rest of experiment 10 mg/L of breviscapine was used which was 1/2 only half of the IC50.α-SMA and FN were expressed in cultured normal HLE-B3.The expressing level of α-SMA mRNA and FN mRNA in the HLE-B3 was significantly different among the normal group,TGF-β22 group,breviscapine treatment group and combination group as well as at various time points (F =105.490,P =0.000 ; F =1041.414,P =0.000).Similarly,the protein expressions of α-SM A and FN in the HLE-B3 was significantly different among the four groups and different time points (F=136.872,P=0.000;F=119.820,P=0.000).The expression levels of α-SMA and FN mRNA and their proteins in HLE-B3 were remarkably increased in the 10 μg/L TGF-β2 group compared with the normal control group (at all P=0.000),and those in the combination group were obviously declined in comparison to the TGF-β2 group (P =0.001,0.001,0.001,0.010).No significant difference was found in the expressions of α-SMA and FN in the HLE-B3 between the breviscapine group and normal control group in both transcriptional level and protein level (P =0.551,0.292,0.551,0.360).Conclusions 10 mg/L breviscapine can arrest the proliferation and EMT of human LECs.This result suggests that using breviscapine may be a potential prophylactic approach in the prevention of PCO.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of neoadjunctive chemotherapy(NAC)of docetaxel and epirubicin com-bined with cyclophosphamide on clinical efficacy and tumor markers of breast cancer patients with different molecular types. METH-ODS:A total of 88 female patients with locally advanced breast cancer collected from our hospital during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016 were divided into Luminal A type(23 cases),Luminal B type(21 cases),basal-like type(11 cases),HER2-over expressing type(18 cases)and normal breast-like type(15 cases)according to molecular type. All patients were given Docetaxel injection+Epirubicin hydrochloride injection+Cyclophosphamide for injection for consecutive 6 cycles(21 d as a cycle). Total response rates and patho-logical complete remission(pCR)rates were compared among breast cancer patients with different molecular types. The expression of serum tumor markers [CEA,CA125,CA153] were compared before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was record-ed. RESULTS:Total response rate of 88 patients was 63.64%,among which that of basal-like breast cancer patients was 72.73%, significantly higher than other molecular types,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in total response rates of pairwise molecular type comparison(P>0.05). The pCR rate of 88 patients was 27.27%,and that of basal-like breast cancer patients was the highest(45.45%). There was statistical significance in pCR rates of pairwise molecular type compari-son(P<0.05),except there was no significant difference in pCR rate between HER2-over expressing type and normal breast-like type(P>0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the expression of CEA,CA125 and CA153 in breast can-cer patients with different molecular types(P>0.05). After treatment,the expression of CEA,CA125 and CA153 in different mo-lecular types were decreased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the expres-sion of above markers among different molecular types(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among different molecular types(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:NAC plan of docetaxel and epirubicin combined with cyclophospha-mide can reduce the expression of tumor markers and shows certain therapeutic efficacy for breast cancer patients with different mo-lecular types. Total response rate and pCR rate of basal-like type are better than those of other molecular types,so NAC plan is the preferred treatment for basal-like type breast cancer.

Objective To express the cytosolic superoxide dismutase(SOD)of Schistosoma japonicum and analyze its antigenicity.MethodsThe DNA sequence of Schistosoma japonicum gene of cytosolic SOD was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and subcloned into the expression vector pGEX-4T-3 to construct a recombinant plasmid Sj SOD-pGEX-4T-3.This recombinant plasmid was transformed into component cell of E.coli BL21(DE3).The fusion protein of GST-SOD was expressed by inducing with IPTG and purification by affinity chromatography.The specific antiserum was prepared by immunizing the BALB/c mouse with GST-SOD fusion protein,and the immnuogenicity of GST-SOD was investigated by Western blot analysis.ResultsThe gene of cytosolic SOD was amplified successfully and subcloned into expression vector pGEX-4T-3 forming the recombinant expression plasmid Sj SOD-pGEX-4T-3.The fusion protein GST-SOD was expressed after the recombinant containing Sj SOD-pGEX-4T-3 being induced by IPTG.Immunizing the BALB/c mouse with the fusion protein GST-SOD produced high titer specific antiserum of 1∶12800 and the fusion protein GST-SOD was recognized by sera of severe infection rabbits.ConclusionsThe cytosolic SOD has been expressed successfully and has a preferable immunogenicity.

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on protein expression of extracellular signal-regulate kinase(ERK1/2) in the cerebellum of rots. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rots, female, 60 days old, were randomly divided according to their body weight into control group, iodine deficient group and hypothyroidism groups. Hypothyroidism groups in accordance with drinking water containing propylthiouracil(PTU) were divided into doses of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups, 7 rats in each group. Rats after pregnancy, iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water. Pup's cerebellum in each group were weighed on day 14,21,28 and 42. Cerebellum tissue was observed for cerebellar morphology using silver staining and detected for ERK1/2 protein using immunohistochemistry on day 7,14,21,28 and 42. Results On day 14,21,28 and 42, cerebellum weight of pups from iodine-deficient[(0.0945±0.0233), (0.1347±0.0046), (0.1542±0.0094), (0.1949±0.0048)g]were significantly lighter than control[(0.1856±0.0123), (0.2049±0.0098), (0.2268±0.0065), (0.2606±0.0086)g, all P < 0.05]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (0.1741±0.0172), (0.1927±0.0103), (0.2181±0.0064), (0.2583±0.0054)g, all P<0.05; for 15 mg/L group: (0.1604±0.0083), (0.1682±0.0103), (0.1996±0.0073) and (0.2579±0.0067)g, all P< 0.05]the difference had statistical significance(F=6.325,8.870, 16.191 and 21.574, all P<0.05). Compared to the controls on day 7, iodine-deficient group didn't have clear layers; on day 21, disappearance of external granule cells from iodine-deficient and 15 mg/L groups was delayed, still two or three layer external granule cells remained; on day 28 and 42, molecular layer from 5, 15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups and became thinner. Immunohistochemistry showed that on day 7, there was no statistical difference of integrated optical density average of ERK1/2, in all the groups(F=1.102, P>0.05); on day 14,21,28 and 42, integrated optical density average of ERK1/2 in iodine-deficient group[(7.3245±0.5070), (8.3606±1.0683), (9.1217±1.0402), (12.1587±0.7581), all P<0.01]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (11.4307±1.5200), (14.919±0.8497), (16.0082±1.1130), (15.7721±0.8293), all P< 0.01; for 15 mg/L group: (7.8538±0.9775), (11.2461±0.8138),(12.78±1.3783), (13.0871±1.1450), all P < 0.01]was significantly lower than those of controls [(16.2831±0.5143), (20.2653±0.9551), (22.7485±1.0267), (22.1725±0.9939), all P < 0.01], the difference having a statistical signifieance(F=16.131,13.543,26.953,41.583, all P<0.01). Conclusions Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during critical periods of brain development may change eerebellar morphology and down regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2, which may result in damage of cerebellum development.