Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of retrobulbar injection with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 21 eyes of 21 patients with macular edema caused by RVO. Methods Retrobulbar injection with TA 40 mg was performed on 21 eyes. The visual acuity, intraocular pres-sure, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and macular central thickness under the optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recorded and analyzed before and after treatment. The follow-up duration was 6-11 months. Main Outcome Measures The visual acuity and the macular central thickness of OCT. Result Visual acuity was improved at the end of follow-up in 16 eyes (76.2%) and unchanged in 5 eyes (23.8%). Macular central thickness was (287.55±121.70) μm at the end of follow-up and (617.23±185.58) μm before treatment. The difference was statistically significant(P=0.000). After treatment, the comparison of visual acuity and macular central thickness be-tween CRVO patients and BRVO patients, as well as between ischemic RVO patients and non-ischemic RVO patients had no significant difference (P>0.05). In patients of course less than 6 months, the visual prognosis after treatment is better than that of before treatment (P=0.011, 0.01), while in patients of course more than 6 months, no difference of vision could be detected before and after treatment (P= 0.583). The result of FFA showed decrease of fluorescein leakage. During follow-up, intraocular pressure of all patients was in the nor-real range. Recurrence of macular edema was found in 8 eyes 2 to 6 months after treatment. Conclusions Retrobulbar injection with TA is a safe, effective, and easy method to treat macular edema caused by RVO. Early treatment can get better efficacy. (Ophthalmal CHN, 2009, 18: 254-256)

Objective To evaluate the application of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation(IABP) in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) with cardiogenic shock.Methods The study enrolled 65 AMI patients with cardiogenic shock and all the patients underwent primary PCI treatment.Among them,30 patients had IABP suppont during operations.Results In all the 30 cases with IABP support,the hemodynamic parameters improved in 30 minutes and stabilized in 2-8 hours.There was no reocclusion and death during querations.The death rate of the IABP group during hospitalization was 40%.Among the other 35 patients without IABP support,6 patients died during PCI and the in hospital death rate was 74.3%.Conclusion IABP can improve hemodynamic parameters and the perfusion of coronary artery in patients with cardiogenic shock.It can increase the success rate of primaty PCI,reduce the risk of low cardiac output and reocclusion during operation.IABP support during PCI can also improve the prognosis and reduce the motality rate of AMI patients with cardiogenic shock.

Yohimbine (0. 5~4mg ? kg-1, sc) and idazoxan (2~8 mg ? kg-1,sc) showed a dose related antagonistic action on the inhibitory effect of xylazine (4mg ? kg-1,sc) on the gastrointestinal propulsive motility in mice. Xylazine (2mg,4mg ? kg-1,sc),clonidine(120 ?g ? kg-1,sc) exhibited the inhibitory effect of gastrointestinal basic electrical rhythm on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum in rats.The inhibitory effects of these drugs were the strongest at 30 min after administration of Compounds. Yohimibine (4mg ? kg-1,sc) was found to antagonize the inhibitory effect of xylazine (4mg ? kg-1,sc) on the gastrointestinal basic electrical Rhythm.

Objective To compare the assessment results of Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) and mini-mental state examination(MMSE) in stroke patients,and to analyze the correlation between the two assessments and to explore the applicable values of LOTCA in assessing vascular cognitive function impairment (VCI).Methods According to the diagnostic standard of cognitive impairment with MMSE,thirty stroke patients with cognitive impairment were selected as cognitive impairment group,thirty stroke patients without markedly cognitive impairment as stroke control group,and thirty normal subjects served as normal control group.All the subjects' age,gender and level of education were matched in the three groups. All the subjects were assessed with LOTCA and MMSE.ResultsThe total scores of LOTCA had high positive correlation with the total scores of MMSE in cognitive impairment group ( r =0.934,P ＜ 0.01 ),the correlations were also found between every sub-items of LOTCA and those of MMSE (P ＜ 0.01 ).The total scores and the scores of sub-items of LOTCA in cognitive impairment group were significantly lower than those in stroke control group and were those in normal control group(P ＜ 0.01 ),particularly lower scores in LOTCA sub-items of thinking operations,orientation,visuomotor organization.The scores of sub-items of LOTCA,including thinking operations,visuo-motor organization,attention,orientation,spatial perception were all significantly lower in stroke control group than those in normal control group(P ＜0.01 ),especially in thinking operations and visuo-motor organization sub-items.Conclusions Correlations were found between LOTCA and MMSE.Compared to MMSE,LOTCA could detect vascular cognitive function impairment earlier and is much more comprehensive,so it is suitable to assess vascular cognitive impairment patients with no dementia.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the frustration tolerance and personality of medical college students and to discuss its promoting strategies.Methods Totally 460 college students were selected randomly.Questionnaire of frustration tolerance and scale of Eysenck personality inventory(EPQ) were used and the measurement data were compared with correlation analysis and regression analysis of SPSS 13.0.Results Correlation was significant between frustration tolerance (total score and 6 inducing factors) and personality (EPQ factors) of college students ； personality (EPQ factors)of students could predict their frustration tolerance and corresponding t value was -4.85,P ＜ 0.01 (psychoticism),6.93,P ＜ 0.01 (extraversion),-11.15,P ＜ 0.01 (neuroticism).Conclusions Personality of college students are greatly influenced by their frustration tolerance.Targeted anti-frustration ability training should be conducted according to the different personality characteristics.

Objective To investigate the current situation and the differences of nurse work environment between a military hospital and a civilian hospital.Methods By quota sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among a total of 1244 nurses in a military hospital and a civilian hospital in Urumqi.Results The nurse work environment in both hospitals was favorable overall.The total scores of nursing environment and subscale scores of the military hospital were lower than those of the civilian hospital.There were no statistical differences between the two hospitals on their perceptions of the collaboration with physicians as well as leadership and ability of nurse manager.Conclusions The nurse work environ-ment in the civilian hospital was a little more favorable than the military one.Both of their managers,espe-cially the military hospital,should pay more attention to manpower and resources as well as nurses'involve-ment in hospital affairs in order to further optimize nurse work environment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and application scope of the looping technique by using a gooseneck snare and a loach guide wire in retrieving tubular foreign bodies within the vascular or ureteral duct. Methods During the period from July 2009 to Dec. 2013, six patients with ruptured catheter were admitted to authors’ hospital. All six patients were females. Three patients had internal ruptured peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), one patient had ruptured implantable venous access port catheter and two patients had replacement of double “J” ureteral catheter stent. By using looping technique, i.e. a loach guide wire and a gooseneck snare were separately placed at the two ends of the tubular foreign body, then the gooseneck snare entangled the soft leading end of the loach guide wire to form a annular structure to seize the ruptured tubular catheter and then to pull it out of the body. Results With the help of the looping technique, the internal ruptured catheter or the double “J” ureteral catheter was successfully removed in all the six patients. Conclusion For the retrieval of the tubular foreign bodies within the vascular or ureteral duct, the looping technique by using a gooseneck snare and a loach guide wire is an effective and fast treatment. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in the clinical practice.

Prepulse inhibition ( PPI) is the suppression of the startle reflex when the startling stim-ulus is preceded by a non-startling stimulus ( the prepulse) . It is an operational measurement of sensorimotor gating mechanism to help the brain adapt to the complex environment,which could be top-down modulated by attention and other higher cognitive processes. Deficits of PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI are closely related to psychiatric diseases. Research papers published from January 2001 to October 2016 related to PPI in psychiatric disorders were searched in the Chinese and English databases. Results showed that schizo-phrenic patients and their relatives showed deficits in baseline PPI as well as the attentional modulation of PPI,and more importantly,the attentional modulation of PPI rather than the baseline PPI was more related to the symptom severity. Patients with Tourette'' s syndrome showed PPI impairment,while patients with obsess-ive compulsive disorder had lower levels of PPI. PPI deficits in bipolar disorder patients were gender-depend-ent. Studying PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI could provide a basis to study the interaction of senso-ry processing and attention,and facilitate the researches of neural mechanism underlying the deficits of senso-ry gating. To establish advanced paradigms of PPI,new cognitive components could be introduced,such as at-tention,emotion,motor control,compulsivity and so on,thus improving the specificity of PPI test and promo-ting the PPI test as new biomarker and endophenotype in various psychiatric disorders.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pancreas ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Diagnostic Errors ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Trachea