[Objective]To introduce the experience and key points of percutaneous reduction combined with bone graft to treat calcaneal fractures.[Method]Percutaneous reduction and internal fixtion combined with bone graft was performed from April 2004 to April 2006 on 15 cases(16 sides) with intra-articular calcaneal fractures including 13 males (14 feet)and 2 females(2 feet),with average age of 36.6 years(24～61 years).All patients underwent radiography including lateral and axial views for calcaneus,oblique view for foot and three-dimensional CT imaging reconstruction. According to Sanders classification,there were 12 feet of type Ⅱ(three type Ⅱa,three type Ⅱb and eight type Ⅱc)and 2 feet of type Ⅲac. The length of caicaneus was recovered through traction by Steinmann pin which passed through calcaneal tubercle perpendicularly and the posterior facet was elevated until reduction by a curve scissors through an 0.5 cm incision along the primary fracture line of lateral calcaneus. The calcaneus was fixed with different cannulated cancellous screws according to the type of fractures.Then bone graft was injected to fill the defect of calcaneus through lateral incision.[Result]All patients were followed up for an average of 18.4 months (ranged,12 to 34 months).No complication such as wound infection,screw breakage and calcaneum varus was found postoperatively. The average time for bone healing was 10 weeks. The results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 4 cases according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score. The rate of excellent and good clinical results was 100%. Radiography showed basic restoration of Bhler's angle,Gissane's angle and calcaneal shape.[Conclusion]The combination of percutaneous reduction and injectable bone graft is suitable for surgical treatment of Sanders II and III type calcaneal fractures,with advantages of simple operation,fewer complications and good clinical results.

Objective To evaluate the pattern of energy metabolism and nutrients intake in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis to effectively direct their nutrition therapy.Methods Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured with open-circuit indirect Jorimetry in 60 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 60 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis.Their normal basal energy expenditure (BEE) was predicted by Harris-Benedict equation and energy intake (EI) was determined by diet recall. Correlation between REE and indicators for nutrition assessment was analyzed.Results REE was (77? 21) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) in 60 patients with pusthepatitic cirrhosis,significantly lower than BEE[(95?16) kJ? kg~(-1)?d~(-1)(P0.05,and their EI was (127?34) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.41?0.43 times as REE,in which PROI was (1.02?0.29) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.31?0.61 times as PROE (0.87?0.34) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),also indicating a negative nitrogen balance (-2.02?4.07).REE,EI and intake of three nutrients,serum level of albumin and prealbumin (PA) and body weight significantly decreased in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis,as compared to those in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (P

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate osthole effect on femoral tissue resorption activity of rat in vitro.

METHODSSix SD rats weighted (80 ± 5) g were used to isolate and culture femoral tissue (diaphyses and metaphysis) in vitro. The cultured tissue were devided into control group, estradiol group and osthole group. The femoral tissue was treated with final concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol culture in vitro at 48 hours after cultured. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) activity, glucose and Lactic acid content, StrACP, MCSF (Macrophage colony stimulating factor) and CTSK (Cathepsin K) mRNA was detected by Real-Time RT-PCR were detected.

RESULTSConcetration of Alkaline phosphatase activity were 2226 and 2498 in 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol respectively. As compared with control group, the activity of StrACP of 1 x 10(-5) mol/L osthole and 1 x 10(-8) mol/L estradiol were inhibited at 6, 9, 12 days (P < 0.05); under treatment of in l x 10(-5) mol/L osthole, the content of Lactic acid were increased and the content of glucose were decreased at 3, 6, 9 days (P < 0.05); StrACP, MCSF and CTSK mRNA expression level were inhibited at 6, 9 days (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOsthole can inhibit bone resorption and raise the level of nutrition metabolism of femurs tissue.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Resorption ; prevention & control ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Femur ; drug effects ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lactic Acid ; analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of solid dispersion technology and inclusion technology on dissolution performance of Pulsatillae total saponins, and preliminarily investigate its mechanism.

METHODThe solid dispersion of Pulsatillae total saponins-PEG 4000 was prepared by the melting method. The inclusion compound of Pulsatillae total saponins-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ( HP-beta-CD) was prepared by the freeze-drying method. The properties of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were identified by using IR, DSC and NMR. And the dissolution of solid dispersion and inclusion compound were also determined by the small glass method.

RESULTIR, DSC and NMR results showed the formation of solid dispersion and inclusion compound. In terms of the dissolution, the inclusion compound ranked first, which was followed by solid dispersion and bulk pharmaceutical chemicals.

CONCLUSIONThe inclusion technology could significantly increase the dissolution of Pulsatillae total saponins, whereas the solid dispersion showed no notable solubilization effect.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

Objective To explore the feasibility of iodized Nang(bread) prepared with iodized salt and non-iodized rock salt as vehicle of iodine. Methods Two kinds of Nang, each of 10 respectively, were grilled with 30 g iodized salt water and non-iodized rock salt water mixed with 2 kg flour by the local cooker, then put inside of Nang oven using traditional methods of grilled Nang in Xinjiang. The samples were collected from different parts of Nang, including the layers facing oven wall and the fire, as well as inside of Nang. The method for determination of iodine in foodstuff by dry ashing As ~Ⅲ-Ce~(4+) catalytic spectrephotometry was used to determine iodine concentration in Nang. Results Iodine content in iodized and non-iodized Nang was (0.654 ± 0.076)mg/kg and (0.075 ± 0.022)mg/kg, respectively. In addition, Iodine content in two kinds of Nang was significantly different and iodine content of Nang with iodized salt was much higher than that with non-iodized rock salt(t = 13.520, P <0.01 ). Iodine content in two kinds of Nang from the layers facing oven wall and the fire, as well as inside of Nang were (0.700 ± 0.100), (0.064 ± 0.029)mg/kg; (0.647 ± 0.076), (0.070 ± 0.019)mg/kg; (0.659 ± 0.073), (0.073 ±0.030)mg/kg, respectively. Iodine content in two kinds of Nang of the same parts was significantly different(t =3.826,4.201,4.103, all P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference of iodine content in different parts of the same kind of Nang(F = 0.220,0.190, all P > 0.05). Conclusions Grilled Nang with iodized salt contains sufficient iodine, and the iodine content of the same kind of Nang in different parts has no significant difference. Our studydemonstrated that Nang is a vehicle available for iodine fortification since Nang is very popular food for local population in Xinjiang.

Objective To explore a better method for treatment atrophic rhinitis.Methods 56 patients with atrophic rhinitis(96 lateral)were treated by nasal submucou pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap extracted from anterior wall of sinus maxillaries.Results All patients were followed 2 to 10 years,total effective rate was 100 %, with 49 cases(87.5 %)showing prominent effect.Conclusion The grafted flap cannot be assimilated,felled off and necrosis,because the flap has rich blood supply.This methods has obvious short-term effective and stable long-term effective.No complications were found.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of five kinds of cyclins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their association with degree of tumor differentiation, metastasis and infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODSThe HCC tissue microarrays were composed of those from 273 cases of HCC tissues, 144 surrounding-tumor liver tissues and 10 normal liver tissues obtained from autopsy. The diameter of each specimens on tissue microarrays was 2.0 mm. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and cyclin E on HCC tissue microarrays. The association of the expression of these cyclins with the infection rate of HBV was also analyzed.

RESULTSThree paraffin-embedded HCC tissue microarrays were successfully constructed, including 136, 143 and 148 tissue spots, respectively. The positive rates of cyclins in 273 cases of HCC were cyclin A 52.7%, cyclin B 45.4%, cyclin D1 35.9%, cyclin D3 44.3% and cyclin E 23.1%; while the figures in 144 surrounding-tumor tissues were 8.3%, 5.6%, 4.9%, 6.3% and 1.4%, respectively. In 10 normal liver tissues these cyclins exhibited negative staining, with the exception that cyclin D1 was positive in one case of normal liver tissue. The positive rate of cyclins in HCC were significant higher than those in surrounding-tumor liver tissues (P < 0.01), in HCC tissues with histological grade II and III, the cyclins expression were stronger than that in grade I (P < 0.05). The positive rates of cyclins, except cyclin A in HCC with portal vein invasion were higher than those without portal vein invasion (P < 0.01). Infection of HBV did not have significant relationship with the expression of cyclins (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCyclins in different cell cycles overexpressed at varied levels in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the increased expression of cyclins may shorten the tumor cell cycle phase, accelerate cell proliferation, and have a close relationship with HCC aggressiveness.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Cyclin A ; analysis ; Cyclin B ; analysis ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Cyclin D3 ; Cyclin E ; analysis ; Cyclins ; analysis ; Hepatitis B ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of hepatitis B virus X gene and p53 on hepatocellular growth.

METHODSTwo kinds of plasmids containing sense and antisense human wild p53 gene respectively were constructed. SMMU-7721 cells were transfected with HBx, sense-wtp53 antisense-wtp53 separately or cotransfected with either HBx and sense-wtp53 or HBx and antisense-wtp53. Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the apoptosis rates and the effects of HBx on cell cycle progression. The activity of p21(Waf1) promoter-luciferase construct was detected. Growth curves for SMMU-7721 stably transfected with pcDNA3 and pcDNA3HBx were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter doxorubicin administration, HBx was noticed able to initiate apoptosis of the liver cells. The apoptosis rate was 5.32% in the pcDNA3 transfected and 12.66% in the pcDNA3HBx transfected groups respectively. HBx could also abrogate p53-mediated apoptosis. The apoptosis rate in groups transfected with pcDNA3, pcDNA3wtp53 and pcDNA3HBx + pcDNA3wtp53 was 5.32%, 11.72% and 4.67% respectively. In compared with the normal group, the number of cells in transiently HBx-expressed group and HBx-transfected group decreased 4.79% and 10.25% respectively. HBx inhibited the activity of p21(Waf1) promoter-luciferase constructed (P < 0.05) and promoted cell growth. The growth rate of HBx expression cells was faster.

CONCLUSIONUnder DNA damage, HBx reduced expression of p21(Waf1) by repressing the activity of p53 protein, followed by disturbing the regulation of G(0)-G(1) cell cycle checkpoint, and promoted the growth rate of hepatoma cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genes, p53 ; Hepatitis B Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on adenine nucleotides in the myocardial tissues of the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats, and to explore the mechanism of EA pretreatment on myocardial prevention and protection in MIRI rats. Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a blank group, a sham operation group, a model group, an EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group and an EA at Hegu (LI 4) group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group only received binding to the rat plate, 30 min/time, once a day for 7 d; on the 7th day, rats in the sham operation group were subjected to threading for 40 min at the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligation, and then the rats were allowed to stand for 60 min before collection of the specimens; on the 7th day, rats in the model group were subjected to threading at the left anterior descending coronary artery with ligation, for 40 min before the blood flow was restored, and then the rats were allowed to stand for 60 min before collection of the specimens; on the 7th day of pretreatment with EA at Neiguan (PC 6) or Hegu (LI 4) for 30 min per day (once a day for 7 d), rats in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group and EA at Hegu (LI 4) group were subjected to modeling and sample collection same as in the model group. The left ventricular myocardium of the lower left anterior descending coronary artery was collected from rats in all 5 groups. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe the changes in myocardial pathological morphology. The change in the adenine nucleotide level of myocardial tissue was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:The HE staining and ultrastructure showed that the myocardial injury was severer in the model group compared with the sham operation group. Compared with the model group, the myocardial injury in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and the EA at Hegu (LI 4) groups was mild or hardly any. The adenine nucleotide levels in the sham operation group and the model group were all decreased compared with the blank group (allP<0.05); compared with the sham operation group, the adenine nucleotide level of the model group was also decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); compared with the model group, the adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group was increased (P<0.05), and the adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group was significantly increased (P<0.01). The adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group was higher than that in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group, the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group were significantly increased (allP<0.01). Conclusion:Both EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu (LI 4) can alleviate the pathological damage to myocardium in MIRI rats, and increase the adenine nucleotide level in myocardial tissues, and thus protect MIRI rats. EA at Hegu (LI 4) has a better protective effect than Neiguan (PC 6).