The characteristics of distribution and shapes of polluted particles in openning infusers and several kinds of infusion containing drugs were observed microscopically. According to the specification of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1985 the examination was carried out under simulated conditions of infusion in a ward. The results indicated that both the infusers and the infusions containing drugs were polluted by a great deal of particles.

Objective To summarize anesthetic management for 56 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Methods Recorded and analyzed the hemodynamie changes of 56 patients undergoing OPCABG including heart rate (HR),rate-pressure product (RPP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO) and mixed venous oxygen saturation when left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), diagonal (DiAG) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was anastmosed. Results The patients undergoing OPCABG had hemodynamic fluctuation during vascular anastomosis, mainly showing MAP and CO decreased, CVP increased. The change was especially significant when the LCX or RCX was anastmosed. The based value, when LAD and RCA anastmosed of MAP were (82.0±11.7) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), (60.1±11.5) mm Hg and (58.4±12.1) mm Hg, CO were (4.2±1.2) L/min, (3.1±0.7) L/min and (3.2±0.6) L/min, CVP were (5.6±2.6) cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa), (9.6±4.4) cm H2O and (9.2±3.6) cm H2O. Conclusion The hemodynamie changes during OPCABG,especially in LCX and RCA anastmesed are transient and well tolerated under suitable anesthetic management.

Adolescent ; Child ; Epidural Abscess ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To explore the changes of Nogo-A mRNA and Nogo receptor(Ng-R) mRNA expressions in hippocampus of immature rats after febrile seizures(FS).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven male SD rats(15 days) were randomly divided into control group(immersed in 37 ℃ water,n=40)and hyperthermia treated group(immersed in 44.5 ℃ water,n=87).The latter was further divided into febrile control group(n=42) and FS group(n=45) according to whether seizures occurred or not.Each group was further divi-ded into 5 groups according to different therapies(1,3,5,7,10 times treatment).Then 5 cases of the 8 rats were randomly used to observe the expressions of Nogo-A mRNA,Ng-R mRNA in hippocampus by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Three of the 8 rats were randomly used to observe the changes of neurons and mossy fiber sprouting(MFS) in hippocampus by Nissl and Timm staining.Results 1.No seizures occurred in normal control group.Seizures occurred in 2 rats of febrile control group.In FS group,various seizures occurred such as nodding spasms,tonic seizures,clonic seizures and tonic-clonic seizures,2 rats died of drowning and 3 rats died of status epilepticus.2.The expressions of Nogo-A mRNA,Ng-R mRNA in the immature rats′ hippocampus became up-regulated after the 7th and 10th seizure,significantly higher than those of the other 2 control groups(Pa

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of remifentanil preconditioning on liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult SD rats, weighing 200-300 g, were divided into 4 groups: ischemic reperfusion group(I/R), ischemic preconditioning group(IPC), sham operation group(Sham), and remifentanil preconditioning group(RPC). The RPC group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the dose of remifentanil: 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC1 group), 1 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC2 group), and 10 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC3 group). All rats except for those in the sham group were subjected to ischemia for 45 min and followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and liver homogenate levels of MDA, SOD were determined. H-E staining was used to observe the hepatic histopathological changes and TUNEL staining was used to examine hepatocyte apoptosis. Results: In I/R and RPC1 group, serum ALT and AST were significantly increased; hepatic homogenate MDA content was increased and SOD content was decreased, accompanied by aggravated pathological injury; TUNEL staining showed large amount of apoptotic cells. Compared with I/R and RPC1 groups, serum ALT and AST levels in IPC, RPC2, and RPC3 groups were significantly decreased after liver ischemia and reperfusion, accompanied by decreased homogenate MDA level, increased SOD level, and improved pathological injury. TUNEL staining showed much less apoptotic hepatocytes in IPC, RPC2, and RPC3 groups compared with I/R and RPC1 groups. No obvious changes in histopathology or in other parameters were observed in the sham group. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with remifentanil, like ischemic precondition, can protect liver from ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Objective: To investigate the changes of toll-like receptor 4 expression and its downstream cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β in the spinal cord in rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) models, and to discuss the potential target for treatment of neuropathic pain. Methods: Neuropathic pain was produced by CCI of right sciatic nerve as described previously. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after surgery, the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein in L4-L6 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively; the distribution of TLR4 in the spinal cord was detected by immunofluorescence. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β in the spinal cord were detected by ELISA. Thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed with paw withdrawal latency to radiant heat and von Frey filaments. Rats receive sham operation served as controls. Results: The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were induced in animals after CCI. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of right paw were decreased after CCI (P<0.05), and the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein was significantly increased (P<0.05); the levels of TNF-α and IL-β in SF were also significantly increased after CCI compared with that in the sham control (P<0.05). Conclusion: CCI-induced toll-like receptor 4 activation may increase the expression of cytokines and subsequently decrease pain threshold, indicating that TLR4 might be a potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

AIM: To retrospectively analyze the effect of different surgical treatment on intraocular foreign bodies, according to different types and position.
METHODS: Clinical data of 46 cases diagnosed with intraocular foreign bodies from June 2010 to April 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS:Intraocular foreign bodies in anterior segment could be removed or magnetically attracted directly, intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment could be attracted if there was accurate location. Vitrectomis was more favorable for the non magnetic or intraocular foreign bodies in posterior segment. In 46 cases, all intraocular foreign bodies ( 100%) in posterior segment were removed successfully. Among them the functional cure in 33 cases ( 72%) , the anatomical cure in 12 cases ( 26%) , discharged in 1 case (2%).
CONCLUSION:The aim of operation is to reconstruct of eyeball structure preserve and restore visual function. We should find more appropriate mode of operation and timing of surgery according to the foreign bodies'different types and injury of eyeball, reduce complications, preservation eyeball and improve visual function.

Curcumin is a principal polyphenolic curcuminoid extracted from turmeric rhizome, which has been used for treating inflammation of joints, ulcers, jaundice and other disorders in Asian traditional medicine. In recent years, many studies have indicated that curcumin plays important roles in treatment of liver diseases. Curcumin attenuates liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by lowering the release of inflammation cytokines, minimizing oxidative stress, enhancing the sensitivity of insulin and altering lipid metabolism. Curcumin shows potent anti-fibrosis activity, contributing to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix by its regulation of PPAR-γ, NF-ΚB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Moreover, curcumin exhibits anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several hepatoma cell lines. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin limit its clinical applications. To overcome its limited systemic bioavailability, many new approaches have been explored to deliver curcumin effectively. This article focuses on advances in the effects of curcumin and its derivatives for treatment of liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

Objective: To clone human angio poietin- related protein-1 angioarrestin genes and construct their recombinant eukaryotic expression vector. Methods: Full length sequence of angioarrestin gene and its C-FD domain were amplified from human liver cDNA library by PCR and were subsequently inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. 1/ His-Myc (-)B. Then angioarrestin and FD recombinant plasmids were stablely transfected in NCI-H460 cell line. The positive clones were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Full length fragment of angioarrestin gene (1 473 bp) and C-FD domain (560 bp) were successfully amplified from human liver cDNA library by PCR. The pcDNA3. 1-ARP and pcDNA3. 1-FD recombinant plasmids were also constructed successfully as identified by PCR and enzyme digestion. RT-PCR and Western blot showed the expression of target mRNA and protein in NCI-1-1460 cells. Conclusion: The eukaryotic expression vectors of angioarrestin and C-FD gene have been successfully constructed and expressed in NCI-H460 cells, which pave a way for further study on the anti-angiogenesis function of angioarrestin in cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of paeoniflorin on the pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid and its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid after oral administration. METHODS: After the administration of glycyrrhizic acid alone or with paeoniflorin, blood samples were collected, and the plasma concentration-time profiles of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were established. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed with Topfit 2.0 software. RESULTS: When glycyrrhizic acid was co-administered with paeoniflorin, the ρmax and AUC of glycyrrhizic acid decreased to 9% and 33% of those of glycyrrhizic acid administered alone, respectively; the tmax prolonged markedly, CL increased, and Vd became larger. For glycyrrhetinic acid, only the t1/2 prolonged significantly while other PK parameters had little change. CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin dramatically inhibits the absorption rate and extent of glycyrrhizic acid in rats when simultaneously orally administered, but has only small effect on the absorption of glycyrrhetinic acid. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.