Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Child ; China ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Research

Humans ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Prognosis

In this study, a literature review was adopted to specify terminology of biosimilars and demonstrate the basic characteristic of biologics and relevant research and development ( R&D) procedures. The regulatory frame-work of the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) guidelines on biosimilars was introduced. Explicitly, regulatory guidelines and scientific principles, regarding biosimilarity, safety and immunogenicity, extrapolation, labels and names, data protection, were systematically introduced, as well as interchangeability and pharmacovigilance, respec-tively. The purpose of the study is to provide regulatory references for Chinese legislators and recommendations on the R&D of biosimilars in the biopharmaceutical industry.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in thymoma and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: We selected 5 microsatellite polymorphism markers and extracted DNA from 28 specimens of paired thymomas/normal tissues. MSI and LOH in the specimens of thymomas and relevant pericancerous tissues were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with silver staining. SP immunohistochemical method was used to assess the expressions of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 proteins in thymoma. Results: MSI or LOH was detected in 11 out of 28 thymoma tissues. The frequency of MSI was 21.4% (6/28), 10.7% (3/28), 14.3% (4/28), 10.7% (3/ 28), and 0% (0/28) at loci of D6S1708, TP53, DM, D11S988, and D8S136. LOH at D6S1708 (5/6) was a common genetic alteration. DM had only MSI alteration and D11S988 had only LOH alteration. There was no significant association between MSI and LOH with age, sex, with or without myasthenia gravis (MG), histological classification, clinical staging, and immunohistochemical staining (EGFR, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 proteins) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: D6S1708, TP53, DM, and D11S988 are sensitive loci for studying microsatellite DNA imbalance in thymoma. Microsatellite DNA imbalance may play a certain role in occurrence and develoyment of thymoma, and the relationship between MSI or LOH and clinicopathological features of thymoma needs further investigation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genotypes of human papilloma virus (HPV) in male patients with condyloma acuminate in Lishui area of Zhejiang Province, China.

METHODSUsing HybriMax, we identified the genotypes of HPV of the verruca samples from 110 male condyloma acuminate patients aged 16 - 65 years in Lishui area.

RESULTSHPV infection was detected in 107 (97.27%) of the condyloma acuminate patients, including 76 cases (71.02%) of simple infection and 31 cases (28.97%) of multiple infection. The peak age of infection was 21 - 40 years old. Totally, 14 genotypes of HPV were identified, including the high-risk genotypes as HPV16, 53, 52, 33, CP8304, 58, 51, 45, 66, 68, and 59, which accounted for 44.85% of the cases, and the low-risk ones as HPV6, 11, and 19 (43), with an infection rate of 93.45%.

CONCLUSIONThe low-risk genotype is a dominant type of HPV infection and the rates of high-risk genotype and multiple infection are high among the male condyloma acuminate patients in Lishui area.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Condylomata Acuminata ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Risk ; Young Adult

Objective To study syndrome and pathogenesis of patients of chronic hepatitis B treated by Lamivudine. Methods By Observing clinical information of Chinese medical symptoms, physical signs,tongue and pulse, TCM syndrome of 103 patients of Chronic Hepatitis B treated by Lamivudine were differentiated by two attending doctors and analyzed. Results Patten of 103 patients were: spleen deficiency and damp-heat (20.38%), spleen deficiency (20.38%), endoretention of damp-heat (19.41%), liver depression and spleen deficiency(13.59%), liver yin deficiency (8.73%); Syndrome of 103 patients were: spleen deficiency (47.57%), damp-heat (43.68%), liver depression (11.65%), liver yin deficiency (10.67%), blood stasis (8.73%), kidney yin deficiency (3.88%). Conclusion Pathogenesis of patients of chronic hepatitis B treated by Lamivudine was spleen-liver-kidney deficiency, and endoretention of damp-heat; Nature of disease was deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, and simultaneous deficiency and excess; Common syndromes were spleen deficiency, damp-heat, liver depression, liver yin deficiency, blood stasis, and kidney yin deficiency.

Objective:To observe the curative effect of cervical chiropractic for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA) and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty CSA patients were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty patients in the treatment group were treated with chiropractic manipulation for cervical vertebrae,once every other day,7 treatments in total.The other 30 patients in the control group received oral administration of flunarizine hydrochloride,10 mg per night,for 14 d.Cervical vertigo and functional assessment scale and transcranial cerebral Doppler (TCD) were measured before treatment and 7 days after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 96.7％ in the treatment group and 83.3％ in the control group.The curative rate was 66.7％ in the treatment group and 20％ in the control group.The differences between the two groups in the total effective rate and the curative rate were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The scores of cervical vertigo symptom and functional assessment after treatment in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (both P＜0.01);the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the maximum systolic velocity (Vs),the maximum diastolic velocity (Vd),the mean velocity (Vm),the pulsatility index (PI) and the vascular resistance index (RI) in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before the treatment (all P＜0.01);there were significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Cervical chiropractic is an effective method for CSA,and its curative effect is better than that of flunarizine hydrochloride alone.Its mechanism may relate to correcting cervical instability.

HPLC-ELSD was used to determine the content of Ophiopogonin D in Zhe Opiopogon japonicus(Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. and Chuan Ophiopogon japonicus(Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. The chromatographic conditions were as follow: Alltima C18 column (250mm?4.6mm) and the column temperature at 30℃, drift tube temperature at 98 ℃with Gas flow rate being 2.8 L/min and acetonitrile : water (55∶45) as mobile phase with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min. There was a good linearity (r=0.9992) within the range of 0.2565～6.4125 ?g. The average recovery rate was 102.0%and RSD=2.1%.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the slow acetylator genotype induced by the genetic polymorphism of N acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene and the early onset Parkinson disease. Methods Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method was used and three mutant alleles M1, M2 and M3 of NAT2 were studied in 126 patients with idiopathic early onset Parkinson disease and 122 age matched randomly selected controls. Results The frequencies of alleles M1, M2 and M3 of NAT2 in patients were 8 7%,26 6% and 13 1%,respectively,however,there were 2 9%,19 7% and 14 8% in controls, respectively The difference in frequency of allele M1 was statistically significant( P =0 005) The frequency of slow acetylator genotype was higher in patients (23 0%) than in controls (10 7%), showing an OR of 2 507( P =0 009). Conclusion Our study suggests that the slow acetylator genotype of N acetyltransferase 2 might be associated with the occurrence of the idiopathic early onset Parkinson′s disease

Objective To optimize the preparation condition of Ginkgolides drop pill. Methods The technique of preparation drop pill were optimized by orthogonal test. Results The optimized technique to prepare Ginkgolides drop pills:PEG4000∶PEG6000=1∶1,the temperature for the aqueous mixture was 85 ℃,the temperature for cool aqueous was 5 ℃,active ingredients∶excipient was 1∶3. Conclusion good quality of Ginkgolides drop pill can produced.