Rectal cancer is a common malignancy in the alimentary tract with an increasing incidence, the current treatments of which include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and integrated comprehensive options. Sexual dysfunction, especially erectile dysfunction (ED), is one of the commonest complications in men after rectal cancer treatment and is generally attributed to the damage to the pelvic autonomic nerves. However, recent studies show that ED after rectal cancer treatment is a complex pathophysiological process associated with neurogenic, vasculogenic, and psychological factors. This article reviews the pathogeneses of ED after rectal cancer treatment in order to provide some theoretical evidence for its prevention and treatment.
Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery

Preventive medicine is a highly practical vocation; the students majoring in this major should be trained with abilities of active learning and flexible applying.Nowadays,the main teaching methods in many colleges and universities were assigning homework,communicating on the internet and posing questions in the class,which were only taught by the teacher.The promotion model may promote the knowledge application for the students,with the heuristic teaching in the class based on the virtual or scenic status,practice in scientific research,social service and experiments in the real sites.Through promotion model,students can combine the theoretical knowledge with the reality,learn creatively and apply the knowledge flexibly.

BACKGROUND: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats, but its influence to peripheral nervous system still needs further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of PNS on the fast-excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-EPSP) in stellate ganglion (SG) of rats.DESIGN: Observation and controlled trial.SETTING: Pharmacological Laboratory of Guangxi Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Pharmacological Laboratory of the Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University from January 2005 to February 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats of clean grade and (220±20) g, provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University; SEN-7203 digital three track strip stimulator, microelectrode amplifier (MEZ8301, Japan NIHON KOHDEN COMPANY); glass microelectrode puller, and microelectrode manipulator, both the products of Narishige Company, Japan; PNS, provided by Kunming Jacobson Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and acetylchloride chline (Ach), the product of Sigma, U.S.A.METHODS: After the animals were executed acutely, their chest wall was opened to isolate SG rapidly under microscope, which was transferred to the perfusion chamber, and fixed with wire needles after peeling the connective tissue membrane. The ganglia were perfused continuously with the mixture of volume fraction 0.95 O2 and 0.05 CO2 plus Krebs solution with pH (7.4±0.05). Meanwhile, 0.08-0.16 g/L PNS was employed to perfuse and culture SG.①The glass microelectrode filled with 3 mmol/L KCI was used to puncture the isolated SG and record the amplitude and duration of depolarizing reaction of postsynaptic membrane.②PNS with the maximum concentration of 0.16 g/L, which could inhibit the f-EPSPs, was perfused to observe the effect of PNS on the amplitude and duration of depolarizing reaction of postsynaptic membrane induced by exogenous Ach (1 mmol/L, 1 minute).③PNS with the maximum concentration of 0.16 g/L, which could inhibit the f-EPSPs, was perfused to observe the effect of PNS on membrane resistance and membrane potential.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Amplitude of depolarizing reaction of postsynaptic membrane; ②Effect of PNS on the amplitude and duration of depolarizing reaction of postsynaptic membrane induced by exogenous Ach, and membrane resistance and membrane potential.RESULTS: Thirty rats were involved in the result analysis. ①PNS ranged 0.08 to 0.16 g/L could reversibly depress the f-EPSPs amplitude of, or change the forward active potential into f-EPSP; the higher the concentration of PNS, the more obvious the inhibition was. The depression appeared in 3-10 minutes after PNS perfusion, and the effect reached the peak at 0.16 g/L; f-EPSP was decreased evidently in 3 to 4 minutes. The inhibition nearly recovered to the control level after washing the ganglia with Krebs solution for 15 to 20 minutes. ②Effect of PNS on exogenous ACh-induced depolarization: The amplitude and duration of the Ach-induced depolarization did not significantly change before and 5 minutes after 0.16 g/L PNS perfusion [before: (15.5±2.4) mV, (256.1±21.5) seconds; after: (14.3±1.9) mV, (228.6±24.5) seconds, P＞0.05].③Effects of PNS on membrane potential and membrane resistance: The mean membrane potential and membrane resistance were not significantly changed after PNS perfusion [before:-(55.5±12.1) mV, (53.9±5.1) MΩ; after: -(54.3±10.4) mV, (55.1±4.8)MΩ, P＞0.05].CONCLUSION: PNS could reversibly depress the fast-excitatory postsynaptic potential in stellate ganglion of rats by presynaptic mechanism.

To study the mechanism of inhibition and the effective concentration of HCPT in treatment of acute allgraft rejection, we made an in vitro model using mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with the stimulator lymphocytes from SD rats and the responder ones from Wistar rats. We observed the results of the inhibitory effect of HCPT on the reaction of the lymphocytic proliferation as well as the dose-effect relationship of HCPT. The results showed that HCPT at concentrations of 100?g/ml, 10?g/ml and 2?g/ml inhibited the proliferative reaction significantly, the inhibition index were 0. 734 ? 0. 085, 0. 537?0. 361 and 0. 503 ? 0. 225, respectively. The efficacy of 100?g/ml HCPT was significantly higher that of than that of both 10?g/ml (P

Objective To evaluate the differences of the lower extremity atherosclerosis between patients with and without type 2 diabetes using dual-source CT angiography.Methods Dual-source CT angiography of lower extremity was performed in 87 patients with (n=30)or without (n= 57 )diabetes.Extent of luminal stenosis,and the type,distribution and range of the plaques were compared.Results 342 plaques in 540 segments (63.3%)in diabetic patients,and 500 plaques in 1 026 segments (48.7%)in non-diabetic ones were detected respectively.Compared with non-diabetic patients,the diabetic ones had a higher overall incidence of plaques (P <0.05).Calcified plaques were the most common in both kinds of patients,and the incidence of mixed plaques was high-er in diabetic patients than that in non-diabetic ones (35.6 % vs.28.4%,P <0.05).Light to moderate stenosis occurred in most diabetic patients,and fewer occlusion was found compared with non-diabetic ones (9.1% vs.1 7.0%,P <0.05).The most common sites of the plaques in diabetic patients were located at distal small arteries below the knee.However,those were located at proximal arteries above the knee for non-diabetic ones.The involvement of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients was more diffused,and the de-gree of Ⅳ (75%-100%)was higher than that in non-diabetic ones (P <0.05).Conclusion Atherosclerosis in lower extremity on dual-source CT angiography is very common in diabetic patients with multi-segmental,diffused,non-obstructive involvement of dis-tal small arteries below the knee.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of extracts ofLiaoxuan Kaxifu Powders (LE) on proliferation and transcription of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in HaCaT induced by TNF-α; To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods Cultured HaCaT was assigned into normal group, TNF-α group and low-, medium- and high-dose of LE group. Every group was induced by 40 ng/mL TNF-α except for normal group, and then LE groups were treated by different concentrations (8, 40, 200μg/mL) of LE for 48 h. The proliferation of HaCaT was evaluated by MTT and the apoptosis was detected by inverted fluorescence microscope. Levels of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in HaCaT were assessed by ELISA, and their mRNA expressions was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal group, the absorbency of HaCaT and the contents and mRNA expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1 increased in TNF-α group (P<0.05,P<0.01); compared with TNF-α group, LE of all dose groups could significantly inhibit the absorbency, decrease the contents and mRNA expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1 (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion LE is able to inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT induced by TNF-α, and the mechanism is probably related to promoting apoptosis and down-regulating the gene expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1, and then maintaining the normal level of HaCaT.

Humans ; Myocardium ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; etiology ; therapy

Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Depression, Postpartum ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult