During the past 30 years, Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug R&D aiming at a variety of potential targets has undergone tremendous setback although a large amount of resources have been invested by pharmaceutical companies, governments, academic institutions and venture capitals globally. There is no doubt that uneasy early diagnosis, unsatisfying therapeutic strategies and genetic polymorphism of AD patients bringing variety of responses to the drugs contribute to the failure of AD drug therapy, but the most important reason might be that people have insufficient understanding of the very complex diseases including AD. Continuing to make efforts in the previous way to find AD drugs might not be a good way. Development of systems biomedicine opens an avenue to understand the disease networks and pursue multi-target drugs R&D based on systems pharmacology theory; neural stem cell transplantation, and neurogenesis affected by small molecules might bring new hope for AD therapy; discovery of new biomarkers of AD will help the study of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease and finally the discovery of new types of AD drugs.
Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Biomedical Research ; trends ; Humans

During the past 30 years, Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug R&D aiming at a variety of potential targets has undergone tremendous setback although a large amount of resources have been invested by pharmaceutical companies, governments, academic institutions and venture capitals globally. There is no doubt that uneasy early diagnosis, unsatisfying therapeutic strategies and genetic polymorphism of AD patients bringing variety of responses to the drugs contribute to the failure of AD drug therapy, but the most important reason might be that people have insufficient understanding of the very complex diseases including AD. Continuing to make efforts in the previous way to find AD drugs might not be a good way. Development of systems biomedicine opens an avenue to understand the disease networks and pursue multi-target drugs R&D based on systems pharmacology theory; neural stem cell transplantation, and neurogenesis affected by small molecules might bring new hope for AD therapy; discovery of new biomarkers of AD will help the study of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease and finally the discovery of new types of AD drugs.

It is the purpose to set up a method to measure lyso-platelet-activating factor (PAF) and to observe the changes of its contents in exudate of scalded rats. The cxudate was extracted with organic solvents and the lipid portion was obtained. After acetylating, the effect of the transformed PAF on platelet aggregation was compared with that induced by standard PAF for quantification. Three kinds of characterizations confirmed the existence of lyso-PAF in the exudate. The increase of lyso-PAF in exudate of the scalded rats was observed.These results suggest that with this simple method the concentrations of lyso-PAF in body fluids could be detected and the increase of lyso-PAF in the exudate may be responsible for the changes of vasopermeability in the early period of burn.

Effects of furazolidone(Fur), pargyline(Parg) and clonidine(Clo) on reserpine(Res)-induced gastric ulcers and on brain monoamine contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. It was found that: (1) Fur almost completely and both Parg and Clo significantly prevented the formation of Res-induced gastric ulcers; (2) Fur prevented the exhaustion of brain monoamines induced by Res and(3) Parg increased NA and 5-HT contents but Clo did not. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Fur on brain MAO plays an important role in its anti-gastric ulcer mechanism.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), when given to rats (200 ng/kg, iv) induced rapid decrease of BP, LVSP and dp/dt which was antagonized by pretreatment of ginkgolidc B (5 mg/kg.iv). Bioassas showed higher PAF level in the scalded rats (P

Scientific and technological innovation plays an important role in hospital development.The process of Scientific and technological innovation in hospital is a Complex Adaptability System made up of the interactions of multi-agents in research team and also the interactions between agents and their environmental conditions.After analyzing the CAS characteristics of hospital scientific and technological innovation system,the paper put forward the management strategies for research team.For example,set up hospital scientific and technological innovation system based CAS theory,explore new research management model,construct open scientific and technological innovation platform,and optimize collaborative mechanism.

Bariatric surgery began in 1950s.The rapid increase of obese patients and development of laparoseopic techniques lead to popularity of bariatric surgery all over the world in 1990s.Current mainstream of bariatric surgeries include laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding,sleeve gastrectomy,Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion.In this review,the efficacy of different surgical procedures was compared in the aspects of metabolic disorder remission and incidence of operation complications and mortality.Efficacy of bariatric surgery on the alleviation of metabolic disorders (including hypergycemia,hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia),individual treatment and interdisciplinary cooperation should be emphasized.

AIM:To explore the learning curve of the Indian standardized manual small-incision cataract surgery(SICS).METHODS:Totally 253 cases(295 eyes)of senile cataract were divided into three groups (Group A: training group, Group B and C: strengthened groups) according to the operation time from December 2012 to December 2014.All cases were performed with manual SICS by the same trainee ophthalmologist.To research the learning curve of manual SICS and evaluate surgical effects, the best corrected visual acuity and complications were observed. RESULTS: At 1wk postoperatively, the rate of relief from blindness in all three groups after operation were 100%, the rate of relief from visual handicap in group A, B, C were 93.7%,93.0% and 91.0% respectively.Complication rates were 2.1%, 7.0% and 3.0% respectively in three groups.Posterior capsular rupture accounted for 50% of all complications.No severe postoperative complications were found, such as nucleus or IOL falling into vitreous cavity, endophthalmitis, corneal endothelial function dysfunction and expulsive choroidal hemorrhage.CONCLUSION: Manual SICS is safe and effective.Because of helping to shorten the learning curve and decrease the incidence of complications, the standardized manual SICS training is worth using for reference.

Objective: To observe the protection of neuron nutrition active peptide (NNAP) on the Parkinson's disease (PD) rats and its effect on the microglias. Methods: 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to prepare the PD rat model. Further, the effects of NNAP on the rotation behavior and the immunoreactivity of substantial nigra dopaminergic (DA) neurons and microglia cells were observed by behavior test and immunocytochemistry. Results: The results show that PD rats treated with NNAP [0.05 mg/ (kg·d), ip] for 7 d behaved the decreased rotation times compared to PD group obviously (P<0.01). Furthermore, in the lesion side of 6-OHDA rat, compared with the model group, the therapeutic rats revealed the obvious increased number and the optical density of DA neurons in 20 000 μm2 measure area (P<0.01); The obvious decreased number and the optical density of the microglia cells compared to PD group in the midbrain (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that NNAP could inhibit the immunoreactivity of microglia cells, which may involve in the protection function in PD rats.

Aim To study the role of the total flavonoids from arachniodes exilis(TFAE) in osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs).Methods hUCMSCs were isolated and cultured by tissue explants adherent method, hUCMSCs at passage 3 were used to do the experiment, hUCMSCs were treated by different concentrations of TFAE, and cellular viability was measured by CCK 8 assay;alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was tested by AMP method;calcium nodule formation was detected by alizarin red staining;expression level of osteogenesis-related gene type I collagen enzyme a1(collagen type Ia1, Col1a1), osteopontin(OPN), Runx2, Osterix(Osx) mRNA was measured by RT-PCR;expression level of Col1a1,OPN protein was measured by Western blot.Results Certain concentration of TFAE(1 mg·L-1, 5 mg·L-1) promoted cellular proliferation, calcium nodules were more, ALP activity was enhanced;expression level of osteogenesis-related gene Col1a1, OPN, Runx2, OsxmRNA and Col1a1, OPN protein was up-regulated.Conculsion A certain concentration of TFAE promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs.