Objective:To evaluate the application of chromogranin A(CgA) as a marker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Methods:Serum CgA and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were detected by immunoradiometric essay in 27 cases of prostatic carcinoma ,27 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)and 5 cases of healthy subjects. Results:Serum CgA(98.7?69.42) in patients with prostatic carcinoma was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects(32.68?26.58) and in patient with BPH(44.7?40.86)(P

Objective:To summarize the experience of retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection in the management of chyluria,and to investigate a new minimally invasive treatment of chyluria. Methods:9 cases of chyluria were treated by retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection from Jan 2005 to Dec 2008 with 7 male ones and 2 female ones. The average age was 48 years. 8 of 9 cases obtained success and 1 of 9 cases was converted to open surgery. Operation time, blooding volume, postoperative complication and hospitalization stay, and the operative effect were observed. Results:The operation time was from 65 to 105 min,with the average of 70 min. The blooding volume was from 50 to 100ml, with the average of 60ml. Chyluria disappeared immediately after operation in all patients. Postoperative stay was from 5 to 7d and no complication happened. Conclusion:Retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection for chyluria is a effective and efficienl method in the management of chyluria. And it is also safe , minimally invasive , with less blood loss, fewer complications , and short hospital stay .

Entry of enveloped viruses into host cells requires fusion of the viral envelope with a cellular membrane. This step is mediated by viral glycoproteins that undergo a dramatic conformational change. Recent advances in structure and function of the fusion proteins of the class Ⅱ viruses, Rhabdoviruses and Herpesviruses were described. Proteomics computational analyses to locate the functional domain of fusion protein were introduced. The fusion proteins of class Ⅱ and class Ⅰ viruses differ radically in their initial structures but refold toward similar final conformation (trimer of hairpin). The Rhabdoviruses and Herpesviruses have a novel fold combining features of fusion proteins from class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ. The fusion proteins of these viruses have a different conformation change and mediate a different fusion process, therefore, the proteins belong to a novel class of fusion proteins. The potent inhibitor of virus entry should be new strategies for developing antiviral drugs.

Objective To investigate the prevalent characteristics of children with viral pneumonia in different areas and years.Methods The viral antigen of cells of nasopharyngeal secretions was detected by the method of alkaline phosphatasea anti-alkalinephhosphatase in viral pneumonia children in different areas and years.Results Among 627cases , there were 290 positive cases and 14 cases were infected by 2 viral strains. Three hundred and four positive viral strains,71 cases (23.35%) were RS virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were AD virus infection, 74 cases (24.34%) were FLU-A virus infection,50 cases (16.44%) were FLU-B virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were PIV1,3 virus infection, and 15 cases (4.93%) were PIV2 virus infection. But in different areas, the kind of the viral strain of the highest infection rate was different. The viral detection rate in autumn and winter was the highest and in summer was the lowest. Conclusions FLU-A virus is the main etiological agent of children viral pneumonia,but the main etiological agent in different areas is different. In autumn and winter, the viral infection rate is high. The chance of viral infection of lower respiratory tract of big children is reduced.

At present,the most commonly used methods for liver function evaluation in clinical practice is static detection represented by blood biochemical examinations,with a focus on the degree of liver injury and liver dysfunction;however,such methods have significant timitations on the reflection of liver reserve function.Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test is commonly used for the testing of liver reserve function in clinical practice and it is a minimally invasive,simple,and quick procedure available for bedside real-time monitoring and can be repeated during a short period of time.The application value of ICG clearance test in the field of liver surgery has been widely recognized.In recent years,more and more studies have been focusing on the application of ICG clearance test in the fields of internal medicine,liver interventional therapy,critically ill patients,and drug safety assessment.This article reviews the current clinical application,related advances,and future perspectives of ICG clearance test.

Congenital idiopathic nystagmus (CIN) is characterized by monoocular or biocular involuntary,rhythmical,repeated oscillations.CIN is often referred to congenital 'motor' nystagmus since nystagmus occurs in the absence of a clinically demonstrable defect in the visual sensory system.CIN is genetically heterogeneous,and patterns of its inheritance have been well-known to include autosomal dominant.autosomal recessive and X-linked patterns.In recent years, many different genetic loci for CIN have been mapped,and researchers have found some candidate causing-disease genes.This review focuses on the recent advances of gene mapping and candidate gene analysis for molecular research of CIN.

Objective:To study the role of adenoviral-mediated PTEN gene transfection in reversing drug resistance of trastuzumab-resistant human breast cancer.Methods:Recombinant adenoviruses carrying PTEN gene(AdPTEN) were constructed and transfected into trastuzumab-resistant human breast cancer cell line BT474.Proliferation and apoptosis of BT474 cells treated with AdPTEN and trastuzumab were measured by MTT assay and FCM.Time course of BT474 cells apoptosis induced by AdPTEN was analyzed by detection of DNA fragmentation.Western blotting was employed to measure phosphorylated-Akt expression levels in AdPTEN treated BT474 cells.The nude mice model of BT474 cells was employed to observe the effects of AdPTEN and trastuzumab on trastuzumab-resistant human breast cancer in vivo.The expression of PTEN gene,cancer cells apoptosis and ultrastructural changes were evaluated after the mice were sacrificed.Results:We successfully constructed recombinant AdPTEN;and the titer of the recombinant adenovirus was about 4.2?1011TCID50/ml.PTEN gene expression was identified by PCR,RT-PCR and Western blotting assay.Combinatorial AdPTEN and trastuzumab significantly suppressed the proliferation of BT474 cells and induced the apoptosis.The percentage of apopotosis cells treated with AdPTEN was(20.7?5.82)%,companied by cells cycle arrest in G1 phrase(P

Excimer laser was found in 1975, and has been used in corneal refractive surgery, which made a great progress and become rapidly developed. ArF laser of 193 nm has high accuracy because it can gasify corneal tissue molecule. Moreover, it does not produce heat effect on tissues surrounding irradiated sites, so not produce adverse effect on corneal structure. At present, excimer laser has been successfully used in corneal radial incision, excimer laser corneal refractive surgery, laser in situ keratomileusis, laser epithelial keratomileusis and laser subepithelial keratomileusis. With increasing understanding of excimer laser and accumulating clinical experience, novel, accurate and predictive excimer laser corneal refractive surgery will be developed.

Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is the most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus.Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy contributes greatly to the morbidity,mortality.Factors in the pathogenesis of these complications are altered metabolism,vascular insufficiency,loss of growth factor trophism,and autoimmune destruction of nerves in a visceral and cutaneous distribution.There are studies in progress that suggest cardiovascular autonomic nerves can be induced to regenerate,and the future for patients with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is brighter.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of micro-inflammation,cellular and humoral immune function and kidney disease of patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods:124 cases of DN were randomly divided into normal albuminuria group ( NA, n=35),microalbuminuria group (MA,n=45) and clinical albuminuria groups(CP,n=44) based on 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate ( UAER) and the healthy subjects were selected as the control group ( n=35 ) . The levels of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were measured with radioimmunoassay,the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and humoral immunity(IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,IgA,IgM) were measured with ELISA. The levels of immune response ( CD4+Th17,Th17/Treg, CD4+ CD25+ Treg) were measured with flow cytometry cellular. The levels of creatinine ( Scr) ,cystatin C ( CYSC) and UAER of each groups were analyzed with fully automated biochemistry. Results:The levels of CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,Scr,CYSC,UAER of NA group,MA group,CP groups were higher than control groups(P<0. 05),the levels of CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,Scr,CYSC,UAER of CP groups were higher than NA,MA group (P<0. 05). The levels of CD4+CD25+ Treg,IgG were lower than the control group (P<0. 05),while the levels of CD4+ CD25+ Treg,IgG of CP groups were higher than NA group,MA group (P<0. 05). The levels of IgA,IgM,Th17/Treg, CD4+ Th17 of NA group,MA group,CP groups were higher than control groups(P<0. 05). The levels of CRP,IL-6,TNF-α were positively correlated with Scr, CYSC, UAER ( P<0. 05 ) and were negatively correlated with Th17/Treg, CD4+CD25+ Treg, IgG ( P<0. 05). Conclusion:DN patients with micro inflammatory status and immune function disorder,through the control or elimination of pro-inflammatory factors,improve the immune function of DN patients to delay the occurrence and progress of DN patients has important significance.