AIM:To investigate the protective effects of astrocyte protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) up-regula-tion on APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.METHODS:An eGFP-wtPP2A lentivirus with glial fiber acidic protein promoter was constructed to specifically increase PP2A expression in the astrocytes.The mice were divided into wild -type mice +vector virus group (Con), APP/PS1 transgenic mice +vector virus group (APP/PS1) and APP/PS1 transgenic mice +eGFP-wtPP2A lentivirus group (PP2A) by lateral ventricular injection of the lentivirus.Four weeks after injection of the vi-rus, the immunofluorescence of brain slices were used to detect the level of β-amyloid protein ( Aβ) .Golgi staining was used to detect the changes of dendritic spine density and morphology.Electron microscopy was applied to detect the thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD).The Morris water maze test was applied to examine the learning and memory abilities of the mice.RESULTS: Up-regulation of PP2A in the astrocytes attenuated Aβlevel increasing in APP/PS1 group.Up-regulation of PP2A in the astrocytes significantly attenuated both decreases in the dendritic spine density and the percentage of mushroom-like dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA3 region of APP/PS1 mice.Up-regulation of PP2A in the astrocytes significantly attenuated the reduced thickness of PSD in APP/PS1 group.Up-regulation of PP2A in the astro-cytes attenuated the escape latency extending in APP/PS1 group .CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of PP2A in the astro-cytes reduces AD-like pathological changes, and attenuates synaptic impairment, synaptic plasticity deficits and cognitive impairment in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

Objective To investigate the effects on rat hearts induced by three kinds of band electromagnetic radiation (X-band, S-band and Electromagnetic pulse (EMP))and the differences of injury grade. Methods 180 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n = 36) and three experimental groups (n = 48) treated with X-band, S-band high power microwave and EMP, respectively. At different time-points (6 hours,1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days,6 months and 12 months) after irradiation, the rats were killed and the pathological changes of the heart tissues were observed. Results The rat hearts of three experimental groups were differently injured, but the change character was similar. The injury was more and more serious at 6 hours -7 days:deranged cardiomyofilaments, decreased glycogen, Pyknosis;lysed Purkinje cells;swelling matrix and serous exudates. The injured hearts showed convalesecence at 14-28 days, and returned to normal progressively at 6-12 months.compared with the injured hearts irradiated by the three different band wave electromagnetic at the same time: the hearts were injured most seriously irradiated by X-band high power microwave(HPM), and slighter for those by S-band HPM, most slightest for those by EMP. Those in control group were normal. Conclusions Three kinds of band wave electromagnetic radiation injure the rat hearts differently. The injury grades are X > S > EMP. The research indicates that the shorter wave length or higher frequency make rat hearts injure more seriously, and need the longer time to resume.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of treatment of cement dislodgement after vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 13 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University for cement dislodgement after vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral fractures from July 2013 to July 2022. There were 4 males and 9 females, with an average age of (76.5±8.6) years and a T value of bone mineral density of -3.3±0.6. By the CT and MRI features of cement dislodgement, their conditions fell in 4 types: cement loosening in situ (4 cases), anterior cement moving (6 cases), anterior cement moving with posterior bone mass moving (2 cases), and posterior cement moving (1 case). They were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty (3 cases), pedicle screw fixation combined with bone graft fusion and decompression (7 cases), and conservative therapy (3 cases). The curative effects for surgical patients were evaluated by comparing their visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and cobb angle of kyphosis at preoperation, 1 week and 1 month postoperation, and the last follow-up, and Frankel grading for nerve injury as well. The curative effects for patients undergoing conservative treatment were evaluated by observing their symptoms.Results:This cohort was followed up for 7 (5, 12) months after treatment. The VAS scores [5.0 (4.0, 5.0) points, 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) points, and 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) points] in the 10 surgical patients at 1 week and 1 month postoperation and the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative value [8.5 (8.0, 9.0) points] ( P<0.05); the VAS scores at 1 month postoperation and the last follow-up were also significantly improved compared with that at 1 week postoperation ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the last follow-up and 1 month postoperation ( P > 0.05). The ODIs (50.6%±4.2%, 37.8%±4.5%, and 29.3%±5.6%) in the 10 surgical patients at 1 week and 1 month postoperation and the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative value (93.2%±3.6%), showing significant differences in pairwise comparisons ( P<0.05). The cobb angles [10.0 (9.0, 11.0)°, 9.0 (9.0, 11.0)°, and 10.0 (9.0, 12.0)°] in the 10 surgical patients at 1 week and 1 month postoperation and the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with the preoperative value [12.5 (11.0, 14.0)°] ( P<0.05) , but there was no statistically significant difference between the time points after operation ( P>0.05). The Frankel grading was significantly improved in the 6 patients with nerve injury after operation. Of the 3 patients undergoing conservative treatment, the symptoms were cured in one, showed no change during follow-up in one, and aggravated in one. Conclusion:Surgical treatment can significantly relieve pain, improve spinal dysfunction and repair nerve injury in patients with bone cement dislodgement after vertebral augmentation.