Objective To investigate the electrophysiology mechanism of the P wave dispersion (Pd) and the maximum P wave duration (Pmax) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF),and evaluate the effect of the Pd and Pmax in the prediction of PAF. Methods Forty-eight patients with PAF (group PAF) were slected and divided into 2 sub-groups according to the organic heart disease,group PAF1 (20 cases, without organic heart disease) and group PAF2 ( 28 cases, with organic heart disease). Forty-six patients without PAF were selected as control group. The Pd and Pmax were measured from the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Results The Pd and Pmax in group PAF was higher than that in control group [(41.11 ± 4.97 ) ms vs. (27.77 ± 4.72) ms, ( 111.43 ± 8.01 ) ms vs. (95.57 ± 9.01 ) ms] (P ＜ 0.05 ). The Pmaxin group PAF2 was significantly higher than that in group PAF1 (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the Pd between group PAF2 and group PAF1 (P＞ 0.05 ). The specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value of Pd ≥40 ms combined with Pmax ≥ 110 ms was 95.65%, 81.25% and 95.12%. Conclusion The Pd and Pmax in the patients with PAF are significantly higher than those in the patients without PAF, and Pd≥40 ms combined with Pmax≥ 110 ms can be used to predict the PAF more reliably and accurately.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Thirty CHF patients(CHF group) and 28 non-organic heart disease persons (control group) were examined by 24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG).According to the NYHA grading of the cardiac function,CHF group were divided into low-degree heart failure (LdHF) sub-group (NYHA Ⅰ -Ⅱ,16 cases) and high-degree heart failure (HdHF) sub-group (NYHA Ⅲ-Ⅳ,14 cases).In CHF group,ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients were 18 cases and non-ischemic heart disease (NIHD) patients were 12 cases.Two indexes of HRT including turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS) were measured and analyzed.Results The TO value in CHF group [(0.43 ±0.83)%] was significantly higher than that in control group [( - 1.49 ± 1.00)%] (P ＜0.05),and the TS value in CHF group[( 2.67 ± 0.66) ms/RRI] was significantly lower than that in control group [( 8.52 ± 2.09)ms/RRI] (P ＜0.05).The TO value in the HdHF sub-group [(0.79 ± 0.67)%] was significantly higher than that in LdHF sub-group[(0.12 ± 0.86)%] (P = 0.026),and the TS value in the HdHF sub-group [(2.88 ±0.79) ms/RRI] was significantly higher than that in LdHF sub-group [(2.40 ± 0.35) ms/RRI] (P= 0.045).The TO and TS values had no significant difference between the IHD and the NIHD patients (P＞0.05).In CHF group,53.3%(16/30) patients' TO and TS values were both abnormal (TO ≥ 0,TS ≤ 2.5 ms/RRI),and 40.0% (12/30) patients had only TO or TS value abnormal,93.3% (28/30) patients had abnormal HRT.Conclusion The phenomenon of HRT in the patients with CHF obviously decrease,and the HRT can be used to evaluate the severity of heart failure and predict the prognosis of the heart failure.

Objective To observe the effect of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with transalveolar tech-nique and simultaneous implant.Methods 50 cases of patients with missing tooth in maxillary posterior region with insufficient vertical bone treated by author were selected.Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with transalveolar tech-nique and simultaneous implantation were given after local anesthesia.X -ray was given on the right day,2 weeks, 3 months and 9 months after operation.And the situation of osseointegration was observed.Results There were 2 cases of injuries of maxillary sinus mucoperiosteum in the 50 cases (4%),and no obvious complication was found for timely treatment.There were 5 cases of gingiva with obviously swollen around implant and BOP(+),and the symptoms were obliterated one week after paradental basic therapy and oral health guidance were given.All the situations of the osseointegration of implants were good,and no loosening or dropping case was found in follow up.One year after operation,the mean obsorbation of bone around the neck of implant was (0.9 ±0.3)mm.There was no obvious absorption of bone around implant,and obvious continuous image of maxillary sinus floor could be observed by imaging examination.The satisfaction of chew,pronounce,aesthetics,maintenance and comfort was all 100%,and 49 cases were satisfied with operation tolerance,and satisfaction rate was 98%.Conclusion Ther effect is desired to apply maxillary sinus floor augmentation with transalveolar technique and simultaneous implant under strict indication.And the satisfaction degree is high.

Objective To investigate the status and capacity of eye care services in Yunnan Province in 2007. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Participants 165 medical institutions in Yunnan Province. Methods Using a standardized questionnaire designed by Ministry of Health,the all hospitals of county or above and eye hospitals in Yunnan Province were investigated during October to December 2007. Main Outcome Measures Number of ophthalmologists and ophthalmic nurses,surgical volume per year,out-patient volume per year and number of ophthalmologists who can operate cataract independently. Results Totally 165 hospitals covered Yunnan Province participated in this study (response rate was 100%). In all these institutions,there were 735 ophthalmologists and 771 nurses. 392 ophthalmologists could perform cataract surgery independently. Within 16 prefectures of Yunnan,Zhaotong prefecture had the least resources of ophthalmology (7 ophthalmologists per million population) while Kunming had 32 ophthalmologists per million populations. In 2006,58346 eye surgeries were performed in all these institutions,including 23833 cases of cataract surgeries. 27 hospitals were not able to provide cataract surgical services. Out 165 institutions,only 29 hospitals (17.6%) had advanced ophthalmic equipments and 6 hospitals (3.6%) did not have any ophthalmic equipment. Conclusion There are big differences of eye care services among different level and different location of medical institutions in Yunnan Province of China. Inappropriate distribution of human resources and low productivity are main issues. Further resources allocation and optimized use of resources in eye care services are needed to meet the needs of patients.

AIM Interleukin 1?(IL-1?), which is a pivotal cytokine in inflammatory response, can inhibit human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) apoptosis,which can enhance PMN-mediated cytoxicity. Therefore we research the effect of IL-1? on the change of PMN functions was studied. METHODS Functional capacity of PMN was assessed by spreading, polarization (shape change), superoxide anion production and phagocytosis. RESULTS IL-1? can prolong PMN function by the inhibition of PMN apoptosis. CONCLUSION IL-1? inhibits PMN apoptosis, resulting in a larger population of surviving PMN with a greater capacity for phagocytosis and superoxide production. The later potentially facilitates PMN mediated tissue injury and may be one of mechanisms by which IL-1? contributes to organ dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the medium and long-term influence of silicon oil versus heavy silicone oil on rabbit retinas.Methods 28 health standard rabbits were randomly divided into A,B and C groups,with 12,12 and 4 rabbits respectively.All rabbits received routine vitrectomy and tamponade with silicone oil (group A),or heavy silicone oil (group B) or balanced salt solution (group C).After 4,8,12 and 24 weeks,the retinal b-wave amplitude was measured by ERG,posterior retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Retinal ultrastructure and tissue morphology were observed by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy.Results Compare to group C,the b-wave amplitude decreased at 4 weeks after surgery,and decreased at 8 weeks after surgery for group B,and decreased at 8 weeks after surgery,and decreased at 24 weeks after surgery for group A.The decreases were greater in group B than group A at 8,12,24 weeks after surgery,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The posterior retinal thickness of group A and B was thinner than group C at 24 weeks after surgery (P＜0.05).The decreases were greater in group B than group A,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed severe pathological changes of retinal ultrastructure and morphology in group A and B rabbit eyes,at 12 weeks and 8 weeks after surgery respectively.The changes were more severe in group B and group A,including edema and necrosis in cone/rod cells,in disk membranes,mitochondria,cytoplasm,nucleus and other organelles.The morphological changes were also more severe in group B and group A,including degenerations of ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer changes.Those changes became more severe when the tamponade time extended.Conclusion The heavy silicone influence on visual function,ultrastructures,histomorphology of rabbit retinas is much worse than the silicon oil,and the effect is more significant with its time prolong.

Objective] To analyse the course of treatment based on differentiation of signs of Hashimoto thyroiditis combined with many diseases, offering treating thought and medication experiences. [Method] Trace back and state the relative documents about the general conditions, diagnosis and therapy, symptoms-pointed treatment of 1 case of Hashimoto thyroiditis combined with many diseases, introducing Pro. Wumin's clinical experience in treating the patient. [Result] The patient was early or late diagnosed as fatness, hyperlipemia, hyperinsulinemia, sub-clinical Hypothyrea, thyroid nodule and type-2 diabetes, Pro. Wumin combined TCM with WM, the patient was control ed the diseases and kept stable. [Conclusion] Combination of TCM and WM treating Hashimoto thyroiditis accompanied with diseases above has good cure effect, the patient is satisfied with the improvement and result.

AIM: To present the epidemiology, cause of injury, ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out.RESULTS: A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types. The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal (29.4%), explosive (14.6%) and stone (13.9%). And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor; half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1.CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years, but the visual outcomes are poor.

The β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer(β-CDCP) was used as adsorbent to pre-concentrate/separate the trace p-nitrophenol and then the determination was carried by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Under alkaline condition,the adsorption/elution behavior of p-nitrophenol was studied. In 0. 02 mol/L NaOH solution and at room temperature for 30 min,the resin could separate and pre-concentrate the p-nitrophenol effectively. Methanol solution(1:1,V/V) was used as eluent and the β-CDCP could be used repeatedly. The linear range and detection limit was 0.5 -90.0 mg/L and 3. 10 μg/L,respectively. The proposed method has been used to determine the p-nitrophenol in synthesized sample with satisfactory results.

Pathogen incubation theory includes "no manifestation after infection" and "manifestation after incubation". Clinical data showed that the incidence and recurrence of tic disorders in children had a strong relevance to six exogenous factors. The pathogenesis is similar to the pathogenic mechanism based on incubation of pathogen theory, so we proposed a theory of "tic disorder induced by incubation of pathogen". Pathogenic wind can be classified into exterior wind and endogenous wind. Pathogenic wind is more apt to move, rise and migrate. The characteristics of pathogenic wind, especially easy mobility, determine the symptoms and signs of tic disorder, for pathogenic wind can be characterized by vibration and involuntary movement such as convulsion and tremor. If exogenous pathogenic wind moves into half-exterior and half-interior phase from the exterior, both the exterior and interior syndromes should be treated at the same time. We should regulate the function of the liver and the lung, expel pathogenic wind by dispersing the lung, and calm endogenous wind by removing obstruction in the collaterals and soothing the liver.