There are many differences between pediatric clinical trails and general clinical research.This paper discusses specialties and requirements of the pediatric clinical trails,clarifies ethical concerns children deserve in the clinical research,analyses the admission threshold for ethical protection among children subjects,points out that ethics committee should carry out ethical trails and appraisals throughout the research process,identifies some key issues in protocol design,analyses the reasons for dissatisfactory collection and compliance of children subjects,and comes up with concerned countermeasures.

Objective To study the value of ultrasound-guided thoracic puncture to indwell pigtail catheter for treating the complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion. Methods One hundred and sixteen patients,clinically diagnosed the complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion,were randomly divided into the treatment group(58 cases) and the control group(58 cases). In the treatment group, patients were treated by ultrasound-guided thoracic puncture to indwell pigtail catheter. In the control group, patients were treated by conventional closed thoracic drainage. At the same time, systemic supportive therapy and antibiotics were given to all patients of two groups. The time of defervescence,the time of pleural effusion absorbed,days in hospital,the thickness of the pleura after treatment, indices of pulmonary function and the visual analogue scales after indwelling catheter were observed. Results In the time of defervescence, the time of pleural effusion absorbed ,days in hospital, the thickness of the pleura after treatment, indices of pulmonary function and the visual analogue scales after indwelling catheter,the differences between two groups were significant (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions For complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion, the method by ultrasoundguided thoracic puncture to indwell pigtail catheter is obviously superior to the traditional method.

Objective:To establish and optimize the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE)and the preparation of protein samples for the proteome of HeLa cells.Methods:The proteins of HeLa cell were extracted by three different lysis buffers to do 2-DE.The gel images then were acquired by Amersham ImageMaster VDS-CL to do the comparative analysis with PDQuest(7.4.0)software.Results:The combination of Thiourea and Urea can be favorable for the extraction of proteins,and increase the amount of the detectable spots for the alkaline protein.The application of broad-spectrum protease inhibitor could increase the amount of the detectable protein spots in 2-DE remarkably,and also the alkaline protein spots.Conclusions:A two-dimensional electrophoresis technique for HeLa cells was established and an ideal 2-DE map with higher resolution and better reproducibility for HeLa cells was obtained clearly,which laid a foundation for the further studies on proteome of HeLa cells.

Objective To identify the genetype of the PS1/APP double transgenic mouse model,analyse the tissue histology and detect the formation of the senile plaque.Methods The specific primer was designed and the APP gene was amplified by PCR from the mouse genome DNA.The A? deposits,activation of microglia and astrocyte were observed by the congo red staining and immunohistologic methods.Results As compared to the negative control,the PS1/APP mouse displayed A? deposits restricted to cortical and hippocampal structures,the activated microglia and astrocyte surrounded the plaque,thus the classic senile plaque stucture was formed.Conclusion The double transgenic PS1/APP mouse produced by the two mice we bought from American Jackson Laboratory could simulate the specific pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and be the efficient experimental animal model.

BACKGROUND:A favorable application prospect has been showed in basic and clinical research of porous material implantation in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To retrospect the progress in basic and clinical research of porous materials in the past 10 years and to summarize the existing problems and clinical prospects. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant articles using the keywords of“porous material, bone implantation”in English and Chinese, respectively. The included articles were related to porous materials and composite materials used in vitro, in vivo or in clinic, as wel as porous materials closely related with bone defect repair or bone tissue engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hydroxyapatite, titamium and its al oys, polyethylene, calcium phosphates are porous materials that have been studied presently. Increasing experimental studies have shown that the porous materials have good histocompatibility and osteoinductive features in vitro and in vivo. But the uniform standards for porosity size in favor of tissue growth that is fastest and most effective have not been obtained. It is unclear how to gain and control the porosity of porous materials that are irregular, how to control the elasticity modulus, and how to gain 100%porosity effectively. Furthermore, whether the inflammation and exposure of porous materials in clinical application are related to the above-mentioned problems are unable to confirm.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of Xinyi biyan pills combined with budilaide in the treatment of aller-gic rhinitis and its effects on related inflammatory factors. METHODS:A total od 120 patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 60 cases in each group. Control group was treated with Budesonide nasal spray,spraying once each nostril(64 μg/spray),2 times a day. Observation group was additionally treated with Xinyi biyan pills 3 g,3 times a day. Treatment course lasted for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed and compared. The changes of total score of clinical symptoms and signs were observed before and after treatment. The contents of IgE and LTE4 were deter-mined,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Three patients of observation group and 4 patients of control group fell of the study. Total response rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group,with statistical signifi-cance (84.21% vs. 73.21%,P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in total score of clinical symptoms and signs,IgE and LTE4 levels between 2 groups (P>0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,total score of clinical symptoms and signs,IgE and LTE4 levels in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was signifi-cantly lower than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLU-SIONS:Xinyi biyan pills combined with budesonide show good therapeutic efficacy for allergic rhinitis,improve clinical symp-toms and signs significantly and reduce inflammatory factors levels with good safety.

Objective To analyze the perfusion status of lung cancer before radiotherapy and the relationship between changes in CT perfusion parameters after radiotherapy and the efficacy of radiotherapy.Methods Twenty-eight patients clinically and pathologically diagnosed with lung cancer were enrolled as subjects.Those patients received CT perfusion imaging scan and perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),mean transit time (MTT),and permeability surface (PS) were calculated.We use linear correlation analysis for relation between value of CT perfusion imaging and the target volume of lung cancer before radiotherapy,t-test for difference between the remission groups and non-remission groups,compared paired sample t-test for value of CT perfusion imaging before and after radiotherapy.Results According to the efficacy of radiotherapy,28 patients with lung cancer were divided into response group (n=16) and non-response group (n=12).The response group had significantly smaller tumor sizes before and after radiotherapy than the non-response group (58.72±22.95 cm3 vs.24.53±13.79 cm3,P=0.000).However,there was no significant correlation of target volume before radiotherapy with any perfusion parameter (P=0.628).The response group had significantly larger BF and BV than the non-response group before radiotherapy (1.23±1.36 vs.6.42±2.57,P=0.024 and 1.23±0.31 vs.0.59±0.18,=0.041),suggesting a low perfusion state of tumor tissue in the non-response group.However,there were no significant differences in MTT and PS between the two groups (0.93±0.58 vs.0.93±0.66,P=0.851 and 1.46±0.83 vs.1.17±0.56,P=0.141).All the 28 patients had significantly smaller BF,BV,MTT,and PS after radiotherapy (9.81±3.56 vs.7.48±3.31,P=0.006;0.96±0.41 vs.0.64±0.38,P=0.003;0.93±0.60 vs.0.53±0.30,P=0.007;1.34±0.73 vs.0.74±0.44,P=0.001).Conclusions CT perfusion imaging can predict the efficacy of radiotherapy for lung cancer,which may guide the planning and implementation of precise radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urachus ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Vitelline Duct ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

Diagnosis, Differential ; Family Health ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; genetics ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; Humans

Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Kidney Diseases ; prevention & control ; virology ; Viruses ; pathogenicity