Objective To know the efficacy of oral nursing by visible electric toothbrushes among patients with peroral endotracheal intuabtion. Methods Divided 108 trauma patients with peroral endo-tracheal intubation and clear consciousness into the research group and the control group randomly, there were 54 cases in each group. Routine oral nursing cares were used in the control group, while the visible electric toothbrushes was used in the research group. Compared the efficacy of oral nursing between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of mouth odor, plaque index and oral infection in the research group were better than those of in the control group. Conclusions Using visible electric toothbrushes for trau-ma patients with oral endotracheal tube is a kind of effective and feasibility method, which should be devel-oped in the clinical field.

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Suicide*

Fatal Outcome ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Videotape Recording ; Workplace ; Young Adult

This paper introduced the measurement methods of heat and moisture exchanger during tracheotomy with two main parameters (water loss and pressure drop) and proposed more heat and moisture exchanger evaluation indicators such as the death chamber, the heat exchange rate, as well as those parameters can be used to evaluate the reasonableness of the heat and moisture exchanger performance.
Humans ; Humidity ; Tracheotomy ; instrumentation ; methods

Acupoint name has rich TCM meaning and cultural connotation and its nomenclature originates from ancient Chinese. In order to clearly explore the significance of acupoint name, the exegetics is used in this study. It is found that the study on acupoint name contributed to determining the controversial acupoint locations and revealing the cultural connotation and the basic TCM theory behind the acupoint. Additionally, it helps us to understand the effect mechanisms of acupoints [Tianshu (ST 25) is either for constipation or diarrhea as an example], dig the clinical effects of acupoints, discover and rectify the mistakes in nomenclatures such as pronunciation and glyph. All of these study results benefit the accurate and comprehensive recognition on the acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Terminology as Topic

Child ; Hematuria ; diagnosis ; Humans

To develop optimal shift systems for an improvement of work schedule satisfaction, health and work productivity, the effects of the direction of the rotational work shifting on the circadian rhythm and adaptation of physiological components and work mistakes were investigated in nursing students. Two groups of seven volunteers participated as experimental subjects, apd seven to twenty nursing students participated as a control group. The directions of rotation work shift were as follows CW(clockwise)-shift system rotation in the direction of day shift(3 days), evening shift(3 days), off duty(l day) and night shift(5 days), and CCW (counterclockwise) -shift system rotation in the reverse direction. Urinary Na, K, and Cl levels were measured with ion-selective electrodes. The levels of performance were measured by a questionnaire to determine the number of mistakes in 12 specific items during duty. The disturbance of Na the circadian rhythm was seen on day and night shifts, especially in the CCW-rotation shift system, and the magnitude of the daily variation was greatest in the CCW-rotation system. The daily rhythms of K and Cl shifted to the right on the evening shift, and the rhythms were reversed on the night shift, which suggests that they adapted to the altered shift work. However, the levels of Cl were higher in day and night shift workers, especially in CCW-shift system. In the ease of urine salts, it seems that the students in CW-shift system more easily adapted to the altered shift. The incidence of mistakes during work were more frequent on the CCW shift than in the CW shift. These data indicate that the direction of rotation effects the worker's health and work performance. These results indicate that the CCW rotation of shift work makes it more difficult for the workers to adapt to the shift on a physiological level, and has many more negative effects on the shift workers' health when compared with the CW rotation. Thus, a clockwise rotating shift system seems to be more desirable for the optimal health and performance of nurses.
Appointments and Schedules ; Circadian Rhythm* ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Salts ; Students, Nursing ; Volunteers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIM: To establish a HPLC method for determing notoginsenoside R_1,ginsenoside Rg_1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb_1 in Yunnan Baiyao Powder. METHODS: A RP-HPLC method was applied with a LiChrospher C_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) by gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detective wavelength was set at 203 nm.The column temperature was at 30 ℃. RESULTS: All of the four compounds showed good linearities and the recoveries were in the range of 99.6%-101.2%. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate and suitable for the quality control of the product.

Objective:To analyze emm type,macrolide-resistance genes and superantigen gene profile of GAS isolates from children with pharyngitis in Chongqing.Methods:A total of 44 clinical isolates of GAS were obtained from children with pharyngeal diseases in 2007,Chongqing.The macrolide-resistant genotype(ermB,ermTR and mefA) and superantigen gene of group A streptococcal isolates(ssa、SMEZ、speA、speC、speG、speH、speI and speJ)were detected by PCR.Emm types were applied by PCR and sequencing.Results:Emm12 was the most common emm type(26 isolates,59.1%).Emm1 was the second(7 isolates,15.9%).Emm22 had 2 isolates,emm6 had 2 isolates,emm3 had 2 isolates,and emm80,emm63,emm102,stG485 and st1815 had 1 isolate respectively.All 44 isolates were detected ermB gene(100%),33 isolates were detected erm TR gene(75.0%),and 3 isolates were detected mefA gene(6.8%).All of the isolates were detected ssa,SMEZ and speH.The detection rates of other superantigen genes were speG(84.1%),spec(81.2%),speI(63.6%),speA(50%)and speJ(15.9%).Six in 7 isolates of emm1 type were detected speA gene(85.7%),and 7 in 26 isolates of emm12 type were detected speA gene(26.9%).The distribution of speA in emm1 and emm12 had a statistically significant difference(P=0.008,